Smith v. West

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR VETERANS CLAIMS
NO . 99-988
WILLIAM D. SMITH , APPELLANT ,
V.
TOGO D. WEST , JR.,
SECRETARY OF VETERANS AFFAIRS, APPELLEE.
On Appeal from the Board of Veterans' Appeals
(Decided June 14, 2000 )
Carol Ponton, of Holly Hill, Florida, was on the pleadings for the appellant.
Leigh A. Bradley, General Counsel; Ron Garvin, Assistant General Counsel; Thomas A.
McLaughlin; and Cristine D. Senseman, all of Washington, D.C., were on the pleadings for the
appellee.
Before IVERS, STEINBERG, and GREENE, Judges.
STEINBERG, Judge: Before the Court in this appeal is a jurisdictional issue of the timeliness
of the appellant's Notice of Appeal (NOA). The Court's determination of this issue turns on whether
the circumstances of this case support the application of equitable tolling, within the meaning of
Bailey v. West, 160 F.3d 1360 (Fed. Cir. 1998) (en banc), to the 38 U.S.C. § 7266(a) 120-day
deadline. Because the Court will hold that the situation here does not support the application of
equitable tolling, we will grant the Secretary's motion for dismissal and dismiss this appeal for lack
of jurisdiction.
I. Relevant Background
On March 18, 1998, the Board of Veterans' Appeals (Board or BVA) issued a decision
denying the appellant's claim for Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) service connection for
cirrhosis of the liver. On July 10, 1998, the Board received from the appellant a motion for
reconsideration, which was denied by the Acting BVA Chairman on October 7, 1998. That denial
provided:
Your motion for reconsideration, which has been carefully reviewed in light
of the Board's decision in your appeal, does not demonstrate that the BVA decision
contains obvious error. The BVA decision at issue contains findings of fact that have
a plausible basis in the record; was consistent with the available evidence and
applicable statutory and regulatory provisions; and contains clearly stated reasons and
bases for the decision. For these reasons, I must deny your motion for
reconsideration.
Public Law No. 105-111, which was enacted on November 21, 1997, creates
a new section 7111 in title 38, United States Code, giving the Board the authority to
revise prior BVA decisions on the grounds of clear and unmistakable error (CUE).
. . . Therefore, the Board is construing your motion for reconsideration on the basis
of obvious error as a request for revision of a prior BVA decision on the grounds of
CUE.
The Board is engaged in promulgating regulations necessary to carry out the
provisions of Pub. L. No. 105-111 and has decided to defer determinations on all
requests for revision of prior BVA decision on the grounds of CUE until these
regulations have been finalized. When final regulations become effective, the Board
will begin to adjudicate these requests. At that time, the Board will review your
request for revision of a prior BVA decision on the grounds of CUE.
In the meantime, any additional evidence that you may obtain may be
submitted to the St. Petersburg regional office in support of a new or reopened claim.
Secretary's Transmittal of BVA Decision (Transmittal), Attachment (Attch.) 1, at 1-3.
On June 10, 1999, the appellant filed through counsel an NOA from the March 18, 1998,
BVA decision. On August 11, 1999, the Secretary moved to dismiss the appeal, asserting that the
appellant had filed an untimely NOA. On September 2, 1999, the Court granted the Secretary's
unopposed motion. On that same date, the appellant filed a motion for an extension of time to
respond to the Secretary's motion, and later filed out-of-time a motion that he be permitted to
respond to the Secretary's motion to dismiss and a motion to reinstate the case and to file a response
out-of-time. On September 22, 1999, the Clerk of the Court revoked the September 2, 1999, order
and reinstated the appeal and ordered the appellant to file a response not later than 20 days after the
date of the order. On October 12, 1999, the appellant filed a response to the Secretary's motion to
dismiss. On February 28, 2000, the Secretary filed a response. On March 8, 2000, the appellant
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filed a motion for leave to file a reply to the Secretary's response to the Court's September 22, 1999,
order. The Court granted that motion and the appellant filed the reply on April 27, 2000. The
appellant also filed a motion for an extension of time, which the Court granted, to file an affidavit,
and the appellant on May 17, 2000, filed an affidavit.
II. Analysis
The ultimate burden of establishing jurisdiction rests with the appellant. See McNutt
v. G.M.A.C., 298 U.S. 178, 189 (1936); Bethea v. Derwinski, 2 Vet.App. 252, 255 (1992). Pursuant
to 38 U.S.C. § 7266(a), in order for a claimant to obtain review of a BVA decision by this Court, that
decision must be final and the person adversely affected by that decision generally must file a timely
NOA with the Court. See Bailey, 160 F.3d at 1363. To have been timely filed under 38 U.S.C.
§ 7266(a) and Rule 4 of this Court's Rules of Practice and Procedure, an NOA generally must have
been received (or, in certain circumstances, be deemed so received) by the Court within 120 days
after notice of the underlying final BVA decision was mailed. See Cintron v. West, 13 Vet.App. 251,
254 (1999); Leonard v. West, 12 Vet.App. 554, 555 (1999) (per curiam order); see also 38 U.S.C.
§ 7266(a)(3)(B). But see Evans (Billy) v. West, 12 Vet.App. 396, 399 (1999) (citing cases regarding
equitable tolling of NOA-filing period under certain circumstances).
However, under Rosler v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 241, 249 (1991), a motion for
reconsideration filed with the Board within the 120-day judicial-appeal period will "toll the time
limit for filing a[n NOA] to the Court." Linville v. West, 165 F.3d 1382, 1386 (Fed. Cir. 1999)
(expressly adopting Rosler, supra). As this Court held in Rosler, "if . . . the claimant . . . -- before
filing an NOA with this Court -- files a motion for reconsideration with the BVA during the 120-day
judicial appeal period, the finality of the initial BVA decision is abated by that motion for
reconsideration . . . [and a] new 120-day period begins to run on the date on which the BVA mails
to the claimant notice of its denial of the motion to reconsider". Rosler, supra. Thus, there is an
exception in those cases in which the appellant has (1) filed a motion for BVA reconsideration
within 120 days after the mailing date of notice of the underlying final BVA decision and also
(2) filed an NOA within 120 days after the BVA Chairman has mailed notice of a denial of the
reconsideration motion. See Rosler, supra; see also Linville, 165 F.3d at 1385-86.
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In the instant case, the appellant's NOA, which "was properly addressed to the Court and
mailed", was deemed to have been received on June 10, 1999, "the date of the United States Postal
Service postmark stamped on the cover in which the notice [was] posted". 38 U.S.C.
§ 7266(a)(3)(B). Thus, that June 10, 1999, NOA was filed more than 120 days after the Acting BVA
Chairman's letter denying reconsideration was mailed on October 7, 1998, and the appellant has not
met the second of the two 120-day judicial-appeal periods that obtains where a motion for BVA
reconsideration has been filed within 120 days after the mailing of notice of the BVA decision. The
question before this panel, therefore, is whether the circumstances here regarding the appellant's June
1999 NOA trigger the application of equitable tolling to the 120-day section 7266 judicial-appeal
period.
In Bailey, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (Federal Circuit) characterized
Irwin v. Dep't of Veterans Affairs, 498 U.S. 89, 95-96 (1990), as having held that "equitable tolling
is available in suits between private litigants . . . 'where the complainant has been induced or tricked
by his adversary's misconduct into allowing the filing deadline to pass.'" Bailey, 160 F.3d at 1364(quoting Irwin, supra). The Federal Circuit specifically held in Bailey that equitable tolling in the
paternalistic veterans' benefits context does not require misconduct (such as trickery); however,
Bailey does require the appellant to have been "misled by the conduct of his adversary into allowing
the filing deadline to pass." Bailey, 160 F.3d at 1365 (emphasis added).
The appellant argues that the circumstances of his case warrant the application of equitable
tolling because he consistently sought help from and relied upon State of Florida Volusia County
veterans service officers (VSOs) in Daytona Beach, Florida, in pursuing the claim in question.
Specifically, the appellant alleges that upon receiving the October 7, 1998, denial of his motion for
BVA reconsideration, he "immediately met with a [VSO] for Volusia County" and showed that VSO
the October 7, 1998, BVA denial letter, and that that VSO "stated that, apparently, someone had
already appealed my case[;] . . . then directed [him] to sit back and wait, and see what happens
because the case was still in appeal status before the BVA[; and] . . . told [him] that [he] could not
do anything until [he had] heard from the BVA." Appellant's Response (Resp.), Affidavit at 1. He
also alleges that he received an April 19, 1999, letter from the Board; that he then met with another
Volusia County employee, who directed him to consult an attorney; and that he contacted an attorney
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and thereafter filed an NOA with this Court. Ibid. The appellant's argument, in essence, is that the
Volusia County VSO, on whose advice he relied, misled him into allowing the filing deadline to pass
and that the NOA filing period should be subject to equitable tolling because of such misleading
advice. Resp. at 4.
Although in Bailey there was no question but that the representative on whom the veteran
had relied was a VA employee, the Federal Circuit there did specifically conclude "that a veteran's
inducement by an adversary's conduct is akin to grounds sufficient to toll a limitations period in a
private suit." Bailey, 160 F.3d at 1365. In this case, the appellant's representative before the Board
was not a VA employee but a Volusia County, Florida, employee. Resp. at 4. Nor does the appellant
contend that that Volusia County VSO was an agent of VA. The Volusia County VSO, on whom
the veteran relied to his detriment, was not an "adversary" in the proceedings before this Court, and
the Irwin holding that excusable neglect does not support equitable tolling is applicable to this case.
See Irwin, supra; Leonard, 12 Vet.App. at 555; id. at 557 (Steinberg, J., concurring); see also
Cintron, supra.
The appellant concedes that in October 1998 he received a copy of the Acting BVA
Chairman's October 7, 1998, denial of his motion for BVA reconsideration. The Secretary has
provided evidence, in the form of a BVA Notice of Appellate Rights Following Denial of Motion
for Reconsideration (Notice) dated October 7, 1998, that accompanied that denial, that VA properly
and promptly advised the veteran of his appellate rights, as required by 38 U.S.C. § 5104(a) (when
VA makes a decision as to a claim for benefits, the Secretary "shall, on a timely basis, provide the
claimant . . . notice of such decision . . . [that] shall include an explanation of the procedure for
obtaining review of the decision"); the appellant has not refuted that evidence. See Thompson
(Charles) v. Brown, 8 Vet.App. 169, 177 (1995) (holding that 38 U.S.C. § 5104(a) requires that
Board mail copy of notice of appellate rights along with BVA decision). The Court thus holds that
the appellant was advised of his appellate rights in accordance with section 5104(a). See Cummings
v. West, 136 F.3d 1468, 1474 (Fed. Cir. 1998) (holding that BVA Notice was sufficient under
38 U.S.C. § 5104(a) and that VA was not required to provide detailed descriptions or information),
cert. denied, 118 S. Ct. 2373 (1998), overruled in part on other grounds, Bailey, 160 F.3d at 1368;
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see also Pogue v. West, 13 Vet.App. 368, 375 (2000); Chastain v. West, 13 Vet.App. 296, 300
(2000).
The appellant argues, however, that he did not receive adequate notice of his appeal rights
in that the October 7, 1998, letter from the Acting BVA Chairman was confusing and misleading.
Resp. at 5. He concedes that that October 1998 letter did, in fact, state that his motion for BVA
reconsideration had been denied, but he asserts that the letter "immediately goes on to address" the
pending CUE claim and that that language confused both the veteran and his representative, the
Volusia County VSO, into believing that his reconsideration motion had not been fully decided.
Resp. at. 5-8. The Court notes that the Acting BVA Chairman did state specifically in his October 7,
1998, letter: "I must deny your motion for reconsideration." Secretary's Transmittal, Attch. 1, at 2.
The Court also notes that that denial was accompanied by the Notice that specified: "If you filed your
motion for reconsideration within 120 days of the date of mailing of the Board's decision, you now
have an additional 120 days from the date of mailing of the letter denying your motion for
reconsideration, which accompanies this notice." Id. at 3. Based on those facts, the Court finds
under Bailey that neither the letter nor the Notice, whether considered separately or in combination,
can reasonably be said to have induced the appellant or his representative to miss the filing deadline
(although it would have been preferable for the Acting BVA Chairman's letter to have made more
clear that the consideration of his motion as a CUE claim was in addition to its being considered and
rejected by the Board as a motion for BVA reconsideration). See Gilbert v. Secretary of HHS,
51 F.3d 254, 257 (Fed. Cir. 1995) (holding that equitable-tolling doctrine cannot apply where
attorney misread statute); Pogue, 13 Vet.App. at 375-76 (holding that equitable tolling is not
appropriate where there was nothing misleading or ambiguous in BVA Notice "'that could reasonably
be said to have induced the appellant to miss the NOA filing deadline'" (quoting Cintron,
13 Vet.App. at 251, 257-59)).
Accordingly, the Court holds that the circumstances surrounding the appellant's filing of his
June 10, 1999, NOA do not trigger the application of the doctrine of equitable tolling. Therefore,
the Court is without jurisdiction to review this appeal.
III. Conclusion
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Upon consideration of the foregoing analysis and the submissions of the parties, the Court
grants the Secretary's motion and dismisses this appeal for lack of jurisdiction.
APPEAL DISMISSED.
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