In Re: The People of the State of Colorado v. In the Interest of: A.S.M., a Juvenile.

<div data-spec-version="0.0.3dev" data-generated-on="2024-01-01">
<div class="generated-from-iceberg vlex-toc">
<link href="https://doc-stylesheets.vlex.com/ldml-xml.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"></link>
<div class="ldml-decision"><div class="ldml-decision"><div href="/vid/928731115" data-vids="928731115" class="ldml-header header ldml-header content__heading content__heading--depth1" data-content-heading-label="Header"><p class="ldml-metadata"><span class="ldml-cite"><b class="ldml-bold">2022 CO 47</b></span></p><p class="ldml-metadata"><b class="ldml-bold"> <span class="ldml-party">In Re: The <span class="ldml-name">People of the State of Colorado</span></span>, </b><b class="ldml-bold"> v. </b><b class="ldml-bold"> <span class="ldml-party">In the Interest of: <span class="ldml-name">A.S.M.</span>, a <span class="ldml-role">Juvenile</span></span>. </b></p><p class="ldml-metadata"><span class="ldml-cite"><b class="ldml-bold">No. 22SA71</b></span></p><p class="ldml-metadata"><b class="ldml-bold"><span class="ldml-court">Supreme Court of Colorado</span>, En Banc</b></p><p class="ldml-metadata"><span class="ldml-date"><b class="ldml-bold">September 26, 2022</b></span></p></div>
<h2 class="ldml-opinionheading"><div class="ldml-casehistory"><span data-paragraph-id="163" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="163" data-sentence-id="176" class="ldml-sentence">Original Proceeding Pursuant to <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_176"><span class="ldml-refname">C.A.R. 21 Arapahoe County
District Court</span> <span class="ldml-cite">Case No. 20JD457</span></a></span> <span class="ldml-entity">Honorable Bonnie McLean</span>,
Judge</span>
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_299" data-val="1"></span></span></div></h2><div class="ldml-counsel header ldml-header content__heading content__heading--depth1" data-content-heading-label="Counsel"><p data-paragraph-id="299" class="ldml-paragraph no-indent mt-2">
<span data-paragraph-id="299" data-sentence-id="312" class="ldml-sentence">Attorneys for <span class="ldml-entity">the People</span> of the <span class="ldml-entity">State of Colorado</span>: <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-lawyer">John
Kellner</span></span>, <span class="ldml-entity">District Attorney</span>, <span class="ldml-entity">Eighteenth Judicial District</span> <span class="ldml-entity">L.
Andrew Cooper</span>, <span class="ldml-role">Deputy District Attorney</span> Centennial, Colorado</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="491" class="ldml-paragraph no-indent mt-2">
<span data-paragraph-id="491" data-sentence-id="504" class="ldml-sentence">Attorneys for A.S.M.: Appeal to <span class="ldml-entity">Justice LLC</span> <span class="ldml-entity">Amy D. Trenary
Broomfield</span>, Colorado</span>
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_585" data-val="2"></span></p><p data-paragraph-id="585" class="ldml-paragraph no-indent mt-2">
<span data-paragraph-id="585" data-sentence-id="598" class="ldml-sentence">Attorneys for <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-role">Respondent</span></span> <span class="ldml-entity">Arapahoe County District Court</span>:
<span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-lawyer">Philip J. Weiser</span></span>, <span class="ldml-entity">Attorney General</span> <span class="ldml-entity">Joseph A. Peters</span>, Senior
Assistant <span class="ldml-entity">Attorney General</span> Denver, Colorado</span>
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_761" data-val="3"></span></p></div><div class="ldml-opinion"><p data-paragraph-id="761" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span class="ldml-opinionauthor"><span data-paragraph-id="761" data-sentence-id="773" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity">CHIEF
JUSTICE <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-judge">BOATRIGHT</span></span>, JUSTICE <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-judge">MÁRQUEZ</span></span>, JUSTICE <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-judge">HOOD</span></span>,
JUSTICE <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-judge">GABRIEL</span></span>, JUSTICE <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-judge">HART</span></span>, and JUSTICE <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-judge">BERKENKOTTER</span></span>
joined</span>.</span>
</span><span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_896" data-val="4"></span></p><h2 class="ldml-opinionheading content__heading content__heading--depth1" data-content-heading-label="Opinion (BOATRIGHT, MÁRQUEZ, HOOD, GABRIEL, HART, BERKENKOTTER)"><span data-paragraph-id="896" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="896" data-sentence-id="909" class="ldml-sentence"><b class="ldml-bold">OPINION</b></span>
</span></h2><div class="ldml-section"><section class="ldml-heading content__heading content__heading--depth1" data-format="upper_case_lacks_specifier" data-id="heading_917" data-parsed="true" data-specifier="" data-value="SAMOUR
JUSTICE" data-content-heading-label="
SAMOUR
JUSTICE
" id="heading_917"><span data-paragraph-id="917" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="917" data-sentence-id="929" class="ldml-sentence">SAMOUR
JUSTICE</span>
</span></section><p data-paragraph-id="945" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="945" data-sentence-id="956" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_956"><span class="ldml-cite">¶1</span></a></span>
The question before <span class="ldml-entity">us</span> in this delinquency case is whether
A.S.M., a juvenile, is entitled to have <span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile court</span>
judge review the preliminary hearing finding made by <span class="ldml-entity">the
juvenile court</span> magistrate.</span><span data-paragraph-id="945" data-sentence-id="1164" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-parenthetical"><sup class="ldml-superscript">[<a href="#note-ftn.FN1" class="ldml-noteanchor" id="note-ref-ftn.FN1">1</a>]</sup></span> The answer is yes.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="1186" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="1186" data-sentence-id="1197" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_1197"><span class="ldml-cite">¶2</span></a></span>
Following a preliminary hearing, a magistrate in the
<span class="ldml-entity">Eighteenth Judicial District</span> determined that probable cause
existed to believe that A.S.M. had committed the delinquent
acts alleged.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="1186" data-sentence-id="1391" class="ldml-sentence">A.S.M. timely sought review of the
magistrate's probable cause determination.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="1186" data-sentence-id="1470" class="ldml-sentence">But <span class="ldml-entity">the
juvenile court</span> declined to review the matter on the merits,
ruling that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction because the
magistrate's preliminary hearing finding did not
constitute a final order.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="1186" data-sentence-id="1679" class="ldml-sentence">A.S.M. then invoked our original
jurisdiction, and <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> issued a rule to show cause.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="1763" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="1763" data-sentence-id="1774" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_1774"><span class="ldml-cite">¶3</span></a></span>
<span class="ldml-entity">We</span> now make the rule absolute.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="1763" data-sentence-id="1808" class="ldml-sentence">While only <span class="ldml-entity">a district court</span>
magistrate's final orders or judgments-namely, those
fully resolving an issue or claim-are reviewable under <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M.
7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>, the preliminary hearing <span class="ldml-entity">statute</span> in the
Children's Code, <span class="ldml-entity">section</span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span>, C.R.S.</span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-date">2022</span>)</span></a></span>,
specifically permits review of a
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_2094" data-val="5"></span>
magistrate's preliminary hearing finding.</span><span data-paragraph-id="1763" data-sentence-id="2137" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-parenthetical"><sup class="ldml-superscript">[<a href="#note-ftn.FN2" class="ldml-noteanchor" id="note-ref-ftn.FN2">2</a>]</sup></span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-refname">Section</span>
<span class="ldml-cite">19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span>, C.R.S.</span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-date">2022</span>)</span></a></span>, which sets the ground rules for
a <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_2137"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> review, doesn't alter this
conclusion.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="1763" data-sentence-id="2275" class="ldml-sentence">Therefore, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> need not get in the middle of <span class="ldml-entity">the
parties</span>' tug-of-war over whether the magistrate's
preliminary hearing finding in <span class="ldml-entity">this case</span> constituted a final
order.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="1763" data-sentence-id="2444" class="ldml-sentence">Instead, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> hold that <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_2444"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> entitles
prosecutors and juveniles alike to ask <span class="ldml-entity">a juvenile court</span> to
review a magistrate's preliminary hearing finding in a
delinquency proceeding.</span>
</p><div class="ldml-section"><section class="ldml-heading content__heading content__heading--depth2" data-ordinal_end="1" data-specifier="I" data-types="background" data-id="heading_2638" data-parsed="true" data-ordinal_start="1" data-confidences="very_high" data-format="upper_case_roman_numeral" data-value="I.
Facts and Procedural History" data-content-heading-label="
I.
Facts and Procedural History
" id="heading_2638"><span data-paragraph-id="2638" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<b class="ldml-bold"><span data-paragraph-id="2638" data-sentence-id="2649" class="ldml-sentence">I.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="2638" data-sentence-id="2652" class="ldml-sentence">Facts and Procedural History</span></b>
</span></section><p data-paragraph-id="2681" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="2681" data-sentence-id="2692" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_2692"><span class="ldml-cite">¶4</span></a></span>
Between <span class="ldml-entity">July 1 and July 4, 2020</span>, A.S.M., then sixteen years
old, allegedly committed delinquent acts that, if committed
by an adult, would constitute two class 6 felonies, two class
1 misdemeanors, and one class 2 misdemeanor.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="2681" data-sentence-id="2926" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity">The prosecution</span>
filed a five-count delinquency petition against him, and <span class="ldml-entity">he</span>
was detained pending adjudication.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="2681" data-sentence-id="3039" class="ldml-sentence">Because A.S.M. was accused
of two offenses that would qualify as class 6 felonies in the
adult arena <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(attempted aggravated motor vehicle theft in the
second degree and conspiracy to commit that crime)</span>, and
because <span class="ldml-entity">he</span> was in custody, <span class="ldml-entity">he</span> was eligible for a preliminary
hearing on those offenses.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="2681" data-sentence-id="3338" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_3039"><span class="ldml-cite">§ 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-headnoteanchor"><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(2)</span></span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(b)</span></span></a></span>.</span>
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_3358" data-val="6"></span></p><p data-paragraph-id="3358" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="3358" data-sentence-id="3369" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶5
A.S.M.</span></a></span> requested, and a magistrate conducted, a preliminary
hearing.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="3358" data-sentence-id="3443" class="ldml-sentence">During the hearing, <span class="ldml-entity">the prosecution</span> called one
witness, the investigating detective.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="3358" data-sentence-id="3529" class="ldml-sentence">At the conclusion of
the hearing, A.S.M. argued that <span class="ldml-entity">the prosecution</span> had failed to
establish probable cause to believe that <span class="ldml-entity">he</span> had committed the
delinquent acts alleged in the two counts in question.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="3358" data-sentence-id="3732" class="ldml-sentence">The
magistrate thought this was a <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"close"</span> call but
ultimately found that probable cause existed as to both
offenses.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="3358" data-sentence-id="3852" class="ldml-sentence">A.S.M. then timely petitioned <span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile court</span>
for review of the magistrate's probable cause
determination.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="3964" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="3964" data-sentence-id="3975" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_3975"><span class="ldml-cite">¶6</span></a></span>
In a well-written order, <span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile court</span> concluded that it
lacked subject matter jurisdiction to review the
magistrate's probable cause finding.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="3964" data-sentence-id="4129" class="ldml-sentence">To unravel the
<span class="ldml-quotation quote">"confusion around this issue,"</span> <span class="ldml-entity">the court</span> first
looked to <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_4129"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> for guidance.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="3964" data-sentence-id="4239" class="ldml-sentence">It pointed out
that this provision <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"seemingly suggests"</span> that
either <span class="ldml-entity">party</span> may ask <span class="ldml-entity">a juvenile court</span> to review a
magistrate's preliminary hearing finding in a delinquency
proceeding.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="3964" data-sentence-id="4424" class="ldml-sentence">But <span class="ldml-entity">the court</span> felt that <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_4424"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> was
in conflict with other authority.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="4509" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="4509" data-sentence-id="4520" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_4520"><span class="ldml-cite">¶7</span></a></span>
To begin, <span class="ldml-entity">the court</span> observed that <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_4520"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>
states that any review of a preliminary hearing finding must
be performed pursuant to <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_4520"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span>, which <span class="ldml-entity">the
court</span> read as requiring a final order.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="4509" data-sentence-id="4741" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity">The court</span> added that
<span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7</span></a></span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-quotation quote">"Review of <span class="ldml-entity">District Court</span> Magistrate Orders or
Judgments"</span>)</span></span> and <em class="ldml-emphasis"><span class="ldml-entity">People</span> in the Interest of </em><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892266355" data-vids="892266355" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_4741"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">J.D.</em></span>,
<span class="ldml-cite">2020 CO 48</span>, <span class="ldml-cite">464 P.3d 785</span></a></span>, corroborate the
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_4914" data-val="7"></span>
conclusion that <span class="ldml-entity">parties</span> can only seek review of a
magistrate's ruling if it constitutes a final order or
judgment.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="4509" data-sentence-id="5033" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-signal"><em class="ldml-emphasis">See</em></span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="embeddedsentence_5053,sentence_4741"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-quotation quote"><span class="ldml-embeddedsentence">"Only a final
order or judgment of a magistrate is reviewable under this
</span><span class="ldml-embeddedsentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="embeddedsentence_5136,sentence_4741"><span class="ldml-cite">Rule. A</span></a></span></span> <span class="ldml-embeddedsentence">final order or judgment is that which fully resolves
an issue or claim."</span></span>)</span><span class="ldml-referenceseparator">;</span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892266355" data-vids="892266355" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_4741"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">J.D.</em></span></a></span></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶ 12</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892266355" data-vids="892266355" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="embeddedsentence_5242"><span class="ldml-cite">464 P.3d
at 788</span></a></span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-embeddedsentence">indicating that, under <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity">a district
court</span> magistrate's decisions <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"that are not
themselves final become subject to review by <span class="ldml-entity">a district court</span>
judge only after entry of a final order or judgment, which
fully resolves the issue or claim being litigated at the
proceeding in question"</span></span>)</span></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="4509" data-sentence-id="5544" class="ldml-sentence">Continuing, <span class="ldml-entity">the court</span> reasoned
that the magistrate's preliminary hearing finding was not
a final order subject to review under <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7</span></a></span> <span class="ldml-referenceseparator">and</span>
<span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892266355" data-vids="892266355" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_5544"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">J.D.</em></span></a></span></span></span> because it did not fully resolve an issue or
claim.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="4509" data-sentence-id="5744" class="ldml-sentence">Lastly, <span class="ldml-entity">the court</span> analogized a provision in <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_5744"><span class="ldml-cite">section
19-2.5-609</span></a></span> to parts of <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_5744"><span class="ldml-cite">Crim. P. 5 and 7</span></a></span>, the rules governing
preliminary hearings in adult <span class="ldml-entity">cases</span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="4509" data-sentence-id="5896" class="ldml-sentence">Like <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_5896"><span class="ldml-cite">Crim. P.
5<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(4)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(III)</span> and 7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(h)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(4)</span>, section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(1)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(d)</span></span></a></span> requires
that the accused's case be set for trial upon a finding
of probable cause following a preliminary hearing.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="4509" data-sentence-id="6080" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity">The court</span>
inferred from this similarity that the next step in the
proceeding was to set A.S.M.'s case for trial, thereby
eliminating any opportunity for review of the
magistrate's preliminary hearing finding.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="6293" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="6293" data-sentence-id="6304" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶8
A.S.M.</span></a></span> thereafter filed a petition in our <span class="ldml-entity">court</span> seeking
exercise of our original jurisdiction pursuant to <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.A.R. 21</span></a></span>.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="6293" data-sentence-id="6426" class="ldml-sentence">For the reasons <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> set forth next, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> decided to exercise our
original jurisdiction.</span>
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_6512" data-val="8"></span></p></div><div class="ldml-section"><section class="ldml-heading content__heading content__heading--depth2" data-ordinal_end="2" data-specifier="II" data-id="heading_6512" data-parsed="true" data-ordinal_start="2" data-format="upper_case_roman_numeral" data-value="II.
Reasons Justifying Exercise of Our Original
Jurisdiction" data-content-heading-label="
II.
Reasons Justifying Exercise of Our Original
Jurisdiction
" id="heading_6512"><span data-paragraph-id="6512" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<b class="ldml-bold"><span data-paragraph-id="6512" data-sentence-id="6523" class="ldml-sentence">II.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="6512" data-sentence-id="6527" class="ldml-sentence">Reasons Justifying Exercise of Our Original
Jurisdiction</span></b>
</span></section><p data-paragraph-id="6585" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="6585" data-sentence-id="6596" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_6596"><span class="ldml-cite">¶9</span></a></span>
Under <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.A.R. 21</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> have sole discretion to exercise our
original jurisdiction.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="6585" data-sentence-id="6681" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-signal"><em class="ldml-emphasis">See</em></span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_6596"><span class="ldml-cite">C.A.R. 21<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(1)</span></span></a></span></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="6585" data-sentence-id="6702" class="ldml-sentence">However,
because a <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.A.R. 21</span></a></span> proceeding is extraordinary in nature and
limited in purpose and availability, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> have historically
cabined exercise of our original jurisdiction to such
circumstances as when an appellate remedy would be
inadequate, <span class="ldml-entity">a party</span> may suffer irreparable harm, or a
petition raises an issue of first impression that has
significant public importance.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="6585" data-sentence-id="7082" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/899196736" data-vids="899196736" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_6702"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">People v.
Cortes-Gonzalez</em></span>, <span class="ldml-cite">2022 CO 14</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶ 21</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-refglobal="case:506p3d835,842"><span class="ldml-cite">506 P.3d 835,
842</span></a></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="6585" data-sentence-id="7148" class="ldml-sentence">In his <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.A.R. 21</span></a></span> petition</span>, A.S.M. argued that the
circumstances here justified exercise of our original
jurisdiction.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="6585" data-sentence-id="7268" class="ldml-sentence">As the rule to show cause <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> issued evinces, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span>
agreed.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="6585" data-sentence-id="7325" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_7325"><span class="ldml-cite">¶10</span></a></span> First, A.S.M. has no adequate appellate
remedy.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="6585" data-sentence-id="7378" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity">The juvenile court</span>'s alleged error implicates his
right to review of the magistrate's preliminary hearing
finding, and that right will be rendered moot after trial.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="6585" data-sentence-id="7545" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><em class="ldml-emphasis"><span class="ldml-signal">Cf.</span> </em><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892206704" data-vids="892206704" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_7378"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">People v. Rowell</em></span>, <span class="ldml-cite">2019 CO 104</span></a></span></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶ 11</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892206704" data-vids="892206704" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="embeddedsentence_7608"><span class="ldml-cite">453
P.3d 1156, 1159</span></a></span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-embeddedsentence">reaching a similar conclusion with respect
to the right to a preliminary hearing</span>)</span><span class="ldml-referenceseparator">;</span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/895630028" data-vids="895630028" class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">People v.
Tafoya</em></span>, <span class="ldml-cite">2019 CO 13</span></a></span></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶ 15</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/895630028" data-vids="895630028" class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">434 P.3d 1193, 1195</span></a></span>
<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(same)</span></span>.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="7757" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="7757" data-sentence-id="7768" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_7768"><span class="ldml-cite">¶11</span></a></span>
Second, <span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile court</span>'s denial of A.S.M.'s
<span class="ldml-entity">request for review</span>, if incorrect, deprives him of a statutory
right and may require him to improperly remain in custody.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="7757" data-sentence-id="7944" class="ldml-sentence"><em class="ldml-emphasis">Cf. Rowell</em>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_7944"><span class="ldml-cite">¶ 12</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892206704" data-vids="892206704" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_7944"><span class="ldml-cite">453 P.3d at 1159</span></a></span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-embeddedsentence"><span class="ldml-relatingauthority">noting</span> that
denial of the request for a preliminary hearing on the
relevant charges, if incorrect, deprived
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_8092" data-val="9"></span>
<span class="ldml-entity">the defendant</span> of a statutory right and potentially required
him to improperly remain in custody until trial</span>)</span></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="7757" data-sentence-id="8204" class="ldml-sentence">To the
extent <span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile court</span> erred, no appellate relief will be
able to undo the wrong inflicted on A.S.M.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="7757" data-sentence-id="8317" class="ldml-sentence">Thus, absent
exercise of our original jurisdiction, A.S.M. may suffer
irreparable harm.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="8407" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="8407" data-sentence-id="8418" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_8418"><span class="ldml-cite">¶12</span></a></span>
Third, the question raised in A.S.M.'s petition is of
significant public importance and has not yet been considered
by Colorado's <span class="ldml-entity">appellate courts</span>: Is a juvenile entitled to
have <span class="ldml-entity">a juvenile court</span> review a magistrate's preliminary
hearing finding in a delinquency case?</span> <span data-paragraph-id="8407" data-sentence-id="8696" class="ldml-sentence">And, as <span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile
court</span> acknowledged, the issue is mired in confusion.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="8771" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="8771" data-sentence-id="8782" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_8782"><span class="ldml-cite">¶13</span></a></span>
Given <span class="ldml-entity">these circumstances</span>, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> determined that exercising our
original jurisdiction was warranted.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="8771" data-sentence-id="8886" class="ldml-sentence">Before explaining why <span class="ldml-entity">we</span>
now make absolute our rule to show cause, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> take a moment to
articulate the standard that shepherds our review.</span>
</p></div><div class="ldml-section"><section class="ldml-heading content__heading content__heading--depth2" data-ordinal_end="3" data-specifier="III" data-types="standardofreview" data-id="heading_9026" data-parsed="true" data-ordinal_start="3" data-confidences="very_high" data-format="upper_case_roman_numeral" data-value="III.
Standard of Review" data-content-heading-label="
III.
Standard of Review
" id="heading_9026"><span data-paragraph-id="9026" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<b class="ldml-bold"><span data-paragraph-id="9026" data-sentence-id="9037" class="ldml-sentence">III.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="9026" data-sentence-id="9042" class="ldml-sentence">Standard of Review</span></b>
</span></section><p data-paragraph-id="9061" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="9061" data-sentence-id="9072" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_9072"><span class="ldml-cite">¶14</span></a></span>
Whether A.S.M. is entitled to have <span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile court</span> review
the magistrate's probable cause finding hinges on our
<span class="ldml-entity">interpretation of <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_9072"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span><span class="ldml-referenceseparator">,</span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_9072"><span class="ldml-cite">section
19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-referenceseparator">and</span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span></span></span></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="9061" data-sentence-id="9279" class="ldml-sentence">Questions of statutory
interpretation are questions of law that are subject to de
novo review.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="9061" data-sentence-id="9376" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892206704" data-vids="892206704" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_9279"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">Rowell</em></span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶ 14</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892206704" data-vids="892206704" class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">453 P.3d at 1159</span></a></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="9061" data-sentence-id="9408" class="ldml-sentence">So
are questions of rule interpretation.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="9061" data-sentence-id="9450" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><em class="ldml-emphasis"><span class="ldml-signal">See</span> </em><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/886310317" data-vids="886310317" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_9408"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">Northstar
Project Mgmt., Inc. v. DLR Grp., Inc.</em></span>, <span class="ldml-cite">2013 CO 12</span></a></span></span>,
<span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶ 12</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="embeddedsentence_9542" data-refglobal="case:295p3d956,959"><span class="ldml-cite">295 P.3d 956, 959</span></a></span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-quotation quote"><span class="ldml-embeddedsentence">"<span class="ldml-entity">We</span> interpret rules of
procedure
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_9578" data-val="10"></span>
consistent with principles of statutory construction and,
thus, review procedural rules de novo as well."</span></span>)</span><span class="ldml-referenceseparator">;</span>
<span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/886955327" data-vids="886955327" class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">People v. Zhuk</em></span>, <span class="ldml-cite">239 P.3d 437, 438-39</span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-court">Colo.</span> <span class="ldml-date">2010</span>)</span></a></span>
<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(applying de novo review to construction of appellate rules)</span></span>.</span>
</p></div><div class="ldml-section"><section class="ldml-heading content__heading content__heading--depth2" data-ordinal_end="4" data-specifier="IV" data-types="analysis" data-id="heading_9801" data-parsed="true" data-ordinal_start="4" data-confidences="very_high" data-format="upper_case_roman_numeral" data-value="IV.
Analysis" data-content-heading-label="
IV.
Analysis
" id="heading_9801"><span data-paragraph-id="9801" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<b class="ldml-bold"><span data-paragraph-id="9801" data-sentence-id="9812" class="ldml-sentence">IV.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="9801" data-sentence-id="9816" class="ldml-sentence">Analysis</span></b>
</span></section><p data-paragraph-id="9825" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="9836" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_9836"><span class="ldml-cite">¶15</span></a></span>
<span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_9836"><span class="ldml-cite">Section 19-2.5-609</span></a></span>, titled <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"Preliminary
hearing-dispositional hearing,"</span> addresses preliminary
hearings in delinquency proceedings.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="9973" class="ldml-sentence">Among other things, it
delineates when a juvenile or <span class="ldml-entity">a prosecutor</span> may demand and
receive a preliminary hearing to determine whether there is
probable cause to believe that the delinquent act alleged was
committed by the juvenile.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="10207" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_9973"><span class="ldml-cite">§ 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(1)</span>, <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(2)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(b)</span></span></a></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="10232" class="ldml-sentence">It
also sets forth the timeframe within which a preliminary
hearing must be held if the juvenile is being detained as a
result of the delinquent act alleged.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="10393" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_10232"><span class="ldml-cite">§
19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(1)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(b)</span></span></a></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="10414" class="ldml-sentence">Further, it states that <span class="ldml-entity">the parties</span> have no
right to demand that the preliminary hearing be conducted by
<span class="ldml-entity">a juvenile court</span> instead of a magistrate.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="10563" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-signal"><em class="ldml-emphasis">See</em></span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_10414"><span class="ldml-cite">§
19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(1)</span></span></a></span></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="10585" class="ldml-sentence">But if the hearing is in front of a
magistrate, either <span class="ldml-entity">party</span> may make <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-parenthetical">[a]</span> <span class="ldml-entity">request for
review</span>"</span> of the <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"preliminary hearing finding."</span></span>
<span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="10720" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_10585"><span class="ldml-cite">§ 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-headnoteanchor"><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></span></a></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="10737" class="ldml-sentence">Any such request must <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"be filed
pursuant to <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_10737"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span>"</span> and reviewed
<span class="ldml-quotation quote">"pursuant to said <span class="ldml-entity">section</span>."</span></span><span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="10846" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-parenthetical"><sup class="ldml-superscript">[<a href="#note-ftn.FN3" class="ldml-noteanchor" id="note-ref-ftn.FN3">3</a>]</sup></span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_10737"><span class="ldml-cite"><em class="ldml-emphasis">Id.</em></span></a></span>
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_10853" data-val="11"></span>
<span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶16</span></a></span>
There is no ambiguity in <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="10917" class="ldml-sentence">It clearly
permits <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-parenthetical">[a]</span> <span class="ldml-entity">request for review</span> of a preliminary hearing
finding entered by a magistrate."</span></span> <span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="11021" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_10917"><span class="ldml-cite"><em class="ldml-emphasis">Id.</em></span></a></span></span> <span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="11025" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity">We</span> are
required to give statutory words and phrases their plain and
ordinary meaning because our chief goal in interpreting <span class="ldml-entity">a
statute</span> is to ascertain and effectuate <span class="ldml-entity">the legislature</span>'s
intent.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="11220" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_11025" data-refglobal="case:garciavpeople,2022co6,503p3d135"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">Garcia v. People</em></span>, <span class="ldml-cite">2022 CO 6</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶ 17</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-refglobal="case:503p3d135,140"><span class="ldml-cite">503
P.3d 135, 140</span></a></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="11275" class="ldml-sentence">Where, as here, <span class="ldml-entity">a statute</span> is free from
ambiguity, <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-entity">we</span> need look no further."</span></span> <span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="11353" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/890326998" data-vids="890326998" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_11275"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">McCoy v.
People</em></span>, <span class="ldml-cite">2019 CO 44</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶ 38</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/890326998" data-vids="890326998" class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">442 P.3d 379, 389</span></a></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="11408" class="ldml-sentence">Once
<span class="ldml-entity">we</span>'ve given an unambiguous <span class="ldml-entity">statute</span>'s words and
phrases their plain and ordinary meaning, <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"our work is
done."</span></span> <span data-paragraph-id="9825" data-sentence-id="11525" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_11408" data-refglobal="case:garciavpeople,2022co6,503p3d135"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">Garcia</em></span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶ 17</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-refglobal="case:503p3d135,140"><span class="ldml-cite">503 P.3d at 140</span></a></span>.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="11556" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="11556" data-sentence-id="11567" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_11567"><span class="ldml-cite">¶17</span></a></span>
<span class="ldml-entity">The juvenile court</span>, however, read <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_11567"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span> as
requiring a final order, and since <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_11567"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>
states that any review of a magistrate's preliminary
hearing finding must be conducted pursuant to <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_11567"><span class="ldml-cite">section
19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity">the court</span> concluded that the magistrate's
order was reviewable only if it qualified as a final order,
which <span class="ldml-entity">the court</span> determined it didn't.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="11556" data-sentence-id="11955" class="ldml-sentence">Not surprisingly,
<span class="ldml-entity">the parties</span> devote large portions of their briefs to whether
the magistrate's preliminary hearing was a final order.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="11556" data-sentence-id="12092" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity">We</span> need not reach that question, though, because <span class="ldml-entity">we</span>
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_12144" data-val="12"></span>
conclude that <span class="ldml-entity">requests for review</span> under <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_12092"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>
aren't confined to final orders.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="11556" data-sentence-id="12242" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity">We</span> do so for two
reasons.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="12269" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="12280" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_12280"><span class="ldml-cite">¶18</span></a></span>
First, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_12280"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span> contains no restriction related
to final orders.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="12364" class="ldml-sentence">In fact, the term <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"final order"</span>
does not appear in that provision.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="12432" class="ldml-sentence">What <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_12432"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span>
references is a magistrate's <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"ruling."</span></span> <span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="12499" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="embeddedsentence_12517,sentence_12432"><span class="ldml-cite">§
19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-embeddedsentence">setting deadlines to file <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-parenthetical">[a]</span> <span class="ldml-entity">request
for review</span>"</span> following <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"notice of the
magistrate's <em class="ldml-emphasis">ruling</em>"</span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-referencenote">emphasis added</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="12635" class="ldml-sentence">Consistent with the word <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"ruling,"</span> elsewhere
<span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_12635"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-1-108</span></a></span> discusses situations in which <span class="ldml-entity">a party</span> is
<span class="ldml-quotation quote">"bound by the <em class="ldml-emphasis">findings and recommendations</em> of
the magistrate, subject to a <span class="ldml-entity">request for review</span> as set forth
in <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_12635"><span class="ldml-cite">subsection <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a> of <span class="ldml-entity">this section</span></span>."</span></span> <span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="12887" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_12635"><span class="ldml-cite">§
19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a.5)</span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-referencenote">emphasis added</span>)</span></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="12925" class="ldml-sentence">There is no dispute here
that the magistrate's determination of probable cause
qualified as a <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"finding<span class="ldml-parenthetical">[]</span>."</span></span> <span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="13034" class="ldml-sentence">Indeed, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_13034"><span class="ldml-cite">section
19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> specifically refers to a magistrate's
<span class="ldml-quotation quote">"preliminary hearing finding."</span></span><span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="13134" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-parenthetical"><sup class="ldml-superscript">[<a href="#note-ftn.FN4" class="ldml-noteanchor" id="note-ref-ftn.FN4">4</a>]</sup></span>
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_13137" data-val="13"></span>
<span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶19</span></a></span>
<span class="ldml-entity">We</span> read <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_13134"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span> not as modifying <span class="ldml-entity">a party</span>'s
right to seek review of a magistrate's preliminary
hearing finding under <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_13134"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>, but rather as
establishing the ground rules for such review.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="13369" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_13369"><span class="ldml-cite">Section
19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span>: sets the deadline to file a <span class="ldml-entity">request for
review</span>; requires the petitioning <span class="ldml-entity">party</span> to articulate the
reasons related to the <span class="ldml-entity">request for review</span>; restricts the
review to the record of the hearing held and to the reasons
for review contained in <span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.C.P. 59</span></a></span><span class="ldml-referenceseparator">;</span></span> requires review by <span class="ldml-entity">a
juvenile court</span> before an appeal may be filed with <span class="ldml-entity">the court
of appeals</span> or our <span class="ldml-entity">court</span>; and gives <span class="ldml-entity">a juvenile court</span>
discretion to remand <span class="ldml-entity">the case</span> to a different magistrate after
completing its review.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="13870" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_13369"><span class="ldml-cite">§ 19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="13887" class="ldml-sentence">Nowhere in
<span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_13887"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span> is there any indication that only final
orders are subject to review.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="13992" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_13992"><span class="ldml-cite">¶20</span></a></span> <span class="ldml-entity">We</span> have no authority
to erect a final-order boundary around <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_13992"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span>.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="14080" class="ldml-sentence">In construing <span class="ldml-entity">a statute</span>, <span class="ldml-entity">courts</span> may not add words to it.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="14137" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/930342433" data-vids="930342433" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_14080"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">McBride v. People</em></span>, <span class="ldml-cite">2022 CO 30</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶ 23</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/928738243" data-vids="928738243" class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">511 P.3d
613, 617</span></a></span>.</span><span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="14193" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-parenthetical"><sup class="ldml-superscript">[<a href="#note-ftn.FN5" class="ldml-noteanchor" id="note-ref-ftn.FN5">5</a>]</sup></span>
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_14196" data-val="14"></span>
¶21
Second, were <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> to endorse <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile court</span>'s analysis</span>,
it would drain <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_14193"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> of all meaning.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="14324" class="ldml-sentence">If
<span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_14324"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span> covers only final orders and a
magistrate's preliminary hearing finding is not a final
order, when would <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_14324"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> apply?</span> <span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="14486" class="ldml-sentence">In other
words, if a magistrate's preliminary hearing finding is
not a final order and <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_14486"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span> only permits
review of a final order, when would <span class="ldml-entity">a party</span> be entitled to
review of a magistrate's preliminary hearing finding?</span> <span data-paragraph-id="12269" data-sentence-id="14725" class="ldml-sentence">The
answer, of course, is never.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="14759" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="14759" data-sentence-id="14770" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_14770"><span class="ldml-cite">¶22</span></a></span>
But that can't be right.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="14759" data-sentence-id="14800" class="ldml-sentence">It is now beyond question that
<span class="ldml-entity">courts</span> <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"strive to avoid interpretations that would
render statutory language meaningless."</span></span> <span data-paragraph-id="14759" data-sentence-id="14924" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/886793496" data-vids="886793496" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_14800"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">Chavez v.
People</em></span>, <span class="ldml-cite">2015 CO 62</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶ 21</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/886793496" data-vids="886793496" class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">359 P.3d 1040, 1044</span></a></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="14759" data-sentence-id="14982" class="ldml-sentence">And
<span class="ldml-entity">we</span> must do our utmost <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"to give consistent, harmonious,
and sensible effect"</span> to the different parts of <span class="ldml-entity">a
statutory scheme</span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="14759" data-sentence-id="15111" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/888909510" data-vids="888909510" class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">Dep't of Revenue v. Agilent Techs.,
Inc.</em></span>, <span class="ldml-cite">2019 CO 41</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶ 16</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/888909510" data-vids="888909510" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_14982"><span class="ldml-cite">441 P.3d 1012, 1016</span></a></span>
<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-cert">quoting</span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/885985135" data-vids="885985135" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_14982"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">UMB Bank, N.A. v. Landmark Towers
Ass'n</em></span>, <span class="ldml-cite">2017 CO 107</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_14982"><span class="ldml-cite">¶ 22</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/885985135" data-vids="885985135" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_14982"><span class="ldml-cite">408 P.3d 836, 840</span></a></span>)</span></span>.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="15282" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="15282" data-sentence-id="15293" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_15293"><span class="ldml-cite">¶23</span></a></span>
Here, <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile court</span>'s approach</span> robbed <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_15293"><span class="ldml-cite">section
19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> of all meaning and failed to give consistent,
harmonious, and sensible effect to the different parts of <span class="ldml-entity">the
statutory scheme</span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="15282" data-sentence-id="15492" class="ldml-sentence">In the process, it contravened the General
Assembly's intent.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="15282" data-sentence-id="15555" class="ldml-sentence">There is no doubt that the General
Assembly meant to allow review of a magistrate's
preliminary hearing finding in a delinquency proceeding.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="15282" data-sentence-id="15698" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-signal"><em class="ldml-emphasis">See</em></span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_15555"><span class="ldml-cite">§ 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="15282" data-sentence-id="15719" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity">We</span> cannot contradict this
edict.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="15282" data-sentence-id="15753" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-quotation quote">"It is a cardinal rule of
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_15781" data-val="15"></span>
statutory construction that <span class="ldml-entity">the legislative intent</span> should be
ascertained and given effect whenever possible."</span></span>
<span data-paragraph-id="15282" data-sentence-id="15894" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/887791367" data-vids="887791367" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_15753"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">People v. Stevens</em></span>, <span class="ldml-cite">517 P.2d 1336, 1340</span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-court">Colo.</span> <span class="ldml-date">1973</span>)</span></a></span>.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="15947" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="15947" data-sentence-id="15958" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_15958"><span class="ldml-cite">¶24</span></a></span>
<span class="ldml-entity">We</span> therefore hold that prosecutors and juveniles alike are
statutorily entitled to ask <span class="ldml-entity">a juvenile court</span> to review a
magistrate's preliminary hearing finding in a delinquency
proceeding.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="16151" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="16151" data-sentence-id="16162" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_16162"><span class="ldml-cite">¶25</span></a></span>
<span class="ldml-entity">We</span> are not persuaded otherwise by <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>, which
provides that <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-parenthetical">[o]</span>nly a final order or judgment of a
magistrate is reviewable under this Rule"</span> and that
<span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-parenthetical">[a]</span> final order or judgment is that which fully
resolves an issue or claim."</span></span> <span data-paragraph-id="16151" data-sentence-id="16408" class="ldml-sentence">Just a couple of terms ago,
in discussing this rule, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> recognized that <span class="ldml-entity">a district court</span>
magistrate's decisions <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"that are not themselves
final become subject to review by <span class="ldml-entity">a district court</span> judge only
after entry of a final order or judgment, which fully
resolves the issue or claim being litigated at the proceeding
in question."</span></span> <span data-paragraph-id="16151" data-sentence-id="16743" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892266355" data-vids="892266355" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_16408"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">J.D.</em></span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶ 12</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892266355" data-vids="892266355" class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">464 P.3d at 788</span></a></span>.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="16151" data-sentence-id="16772" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity">The juvenile court</span> here relied on <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> <span class="ldml-referenceseparator">and</span>
<span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892266355" data-vids="892266355" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_16772"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">J.D.</em></span></a></span></span></span></span> <span data-paragraph-id="16151" data-sentence-id="16830" class="ldml-sentence">But that reliance was misplaced, as neither
buttresses its construction of <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_16830"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="16929" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="16929" data-sentence-id="16940" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶26
C.R.M. 7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> is part of the general rule that, as its title
suggests, controls <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"Review of <span class="ldml-entity">District Court</span> Magistrate
Orders or Judgments."</span></span> <span data-paragraph-id="16929" data-sentence-id="17087" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7</span></a></span> resides within the
Colorado Magistrate Rules and, in contrast to <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_17087"><span class="ldml-cite">section
19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>, is not specific to delinquency <span class="ldml-entity">cases</span>.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="16929" data-sentence-id="17224" class="ldml-sentence">Importantly, by its own terms, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> applies only to
<span class="ldml-entity">requests for review</span> <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"under this <span class="ldml-parenthetical">[r]</span>ule."</span></span>
<span data-paragraph-id="16929" data-sentence-id="17328" class="ldml-sentence">A.S.M.'s <span class="ldml-entity">request for review</span>,
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_17359" data-val="16"></span>
however, was not submitted under <span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7</span></a></span><span class="ldml-referenceseparator">;</span></span> it was submitted
under <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_17328"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="17451" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="17451" data-sentence-id="17462" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_17462"><span class="ldml-cite">¶27</span></a></span>
In our view, there is no conflict between <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> <span class="ldml-referenceseparator">and</span>
<span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_17462"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span></span></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="17451" data-sentence-id="17551" class="ldml-sentence">A <span class="ldml-entity">request for review</span> related to a
magistrate's preliminary hearing finding in a delinquency
proceeding is governed by <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_17551"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>, while a more
general <span class="ldml-entity">request for review</span> challenging <span class="ldml-entity">a district court</span>
magistrate's order and brought pursuant to <span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7</span></a></span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-embeddedsentence">not
pursuant to <span class="ldml-entity">a statute</span> such as <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="embeddedsentence_17818"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span></span>)</span></span>, is
governed by <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7.<span class="ldml-parenthetical"><sup class="ldml-superscript">[<a href="#note-ftn.FN6" class="ldml-noteanchor" id="note-ref-ftn.FN6">6</a>]</sup></span> C.R.M. 7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(1)</span></span></a></span> recognizes as much:
<span class="ldml-quotation quote">"Unless otherwise provided by <span class="ldml-entity">statute</span>, <span class="ldml-parenthetical">[<span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7</span></a></span>]</span> is the
exclusive method to obtain review of <span class="ldml-entity">a district court</span>
magistrate's order or judgment"</span> in a proceeding
<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(such as this one)</span> that does not require the consent of <span class="ldml-entity">the
parties</span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="17451" data-sentence-id="18173" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_17551"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(1)</span></span></a></span><span class="ldml-referenceseparator">;</span> <span class="ldml-signal"><em class="ldml-emphasis">see also</em></span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_17551"><span class="ldml-cite">§
19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a.5)</span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-relatingauthority">noting</span> that a preliminary hearing may be
conducted by a magistrate, instead of a judge, without
consent of <span class="ldml-entity">the parties</span> because <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-parenthetical">[t]</span>he right to require a
hearing before a judge does not apply to . . . preliminary
hearings held pursuant to <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_17551"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609</span></a></span>"</span>)</span></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="17451" data-sentence-id="18483" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_18483"><span class="ldml-cite">Section
19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> fits snugly into the <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-parenthetical">[u]</span>nless otherwise
provided by <span class="ldml-entity">statute</span>"</span> exception in <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(1)</span></span></a></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="17451" data-sentence-id="18598" class="ldml-sentence">And
while review
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_18618" data-val="17"></span>
under <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7</span></a></span> is limited to final orders or judgments,
review under <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_18598"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> is not.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="18720" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="18720" data-sentence-id="18731" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_18731"><span class="ldml-cite">¶28</span></a></span>
Nothing in <span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892266355" data-vids="892266355" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_18731"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">J.D.</em></span></a></span> is to the contrary.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="18720" data-sentence-id="18772" class="ldml-sentence">There, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> simply
held that a magistrate is not prohibited <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(either by <span class="ldml-entity">statute</span>
or <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-entity">court</span> rule</span>)</span> from reconsidering prior rulings, decrees, or
decisions in a delinquency case, so long as the magistrate
has been properly appointed to hear <span class="ldml-entity">the case</span> and the
proceeding has not yet culminated in a final order or
judgment.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="18720" data-sentence-id="19092" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892266355" data-vids="892266355" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_18772"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">J.D.</em></span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">¶ 2</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892266355" data-vids="892266355" class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">464 P.3d at 786</span></a></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="18720" data-sentence-id="19120" class="ldml-sentence">Because
the guilty plea entered in front of the magistrate didn't
amount to a <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"final order or judgment"</span> under <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M.
7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> concluded that <span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile court</span> had erred in
ruling that the magistrate lacked subject matter jurisdiction
over the juvenile's <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_19120"><span class="ldml-cite">Crim. P. 32<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(d)</span></span></a></span> <span class="ldml-entity">motion to withdraw his
guilty plea</span> prior to sentencing.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="18720" data-sentence-id="19455" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_19120"><span class="ldml-cite"><em class="ldml-emphasis">Id.</em></span></a></span></span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="19459" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="19459" data-sentence-id="19470" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_19470"><span class="ldml-cite">¶29</span></a></span>
As part of our <span class="ldml-entity">analysis in <span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892266355" data-vids="892266355" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_19470"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">J.D.</em></span></a></span></span>, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> examined C.R.M.
7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="19459" data-sentence-id="19537" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_19537"><span class="ldml-cite"><em class="ldml-emphasis">Id.</em></span></a></span> at <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_19537"><span class="ldml-cite">¶¶ 7</span></a></span>, 12, <span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892266355" data-vids="892266355" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_19537"><span class="ldml-cite">464 P.3d at 787,
788</span></a></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="19459" data-sentence-id="19577" class="ldml-sentence">But <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> did not reference, much less interpret, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_19577"><span class="ldml-cite">section
19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>-there was no reason to, as the issue <span class="ldml-entity">we</span>
confronted revolved around a guilty plea, not a preliminary
hearing.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="19459" data-sentence-id="19758" class="ldml-sentence">Differently put, <span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892266355" data-vids="892266355" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_19758"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">J.D.</em></span></a></span> did not implicate
<span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_19758"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="19459" data-sentence-id="19822" class="ldml-sentence">And though <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> discussed the contents
of <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_19822"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-1-108</span></a></span>, including those governing <span class="ldml-entity">petitions for
review</span> in <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_19822"><span class="ldml-cite">subsection <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_19822"><span class="ldml-cite"><em class="ldml-emphasis">id.</em></span></a></span> at <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_19822"><span class="ldml-cite">¶¶ 6</span></a></span>,
11, <span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892266355" data-vids="892266355" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_19822"><span class="ldml-cite">464 P.3d at 787, 788</span></a></span>, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> didn't consider-because <span class="ldml-entity">we</span>
weren't asked to and didn't have to-the interplay
between that <span class="ldml-entity">statute</span>'s references to a magistrate's
<span class="ldml-quotation quote">"ruling"</span> and <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"findings and
recommendations,"</span> on the
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_20180" data-val="18"></span>
one hand, and <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>'s reference to <span class="ldml-entity">a district
court</span> magistrate's <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"final order or judgment,"</span>
on the other.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="19459" data-sentence-id="20299" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892266355" data-vids="892266355" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_20299"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">J.D.</em></span></a></span> is, in a word, inapposite.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="20331" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="20331" data-sentence-id="20342" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_20342"><span class="ldml-cite">¶30</span></a></span>
Besides <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> <span class="ldml-referenceseparator">and</span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/892266355" data-vids="892266355" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_20342"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">J.D.</em></span></a></span></span></span>, <span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile court</span>
also relied on <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_20342"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(1)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(d)</span></span></a></span>, which instructs that
<span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-parenthetical">[i]</span>f <span class="ldml-entity">the court</span> determines that probable cause exists,
it shall enter a finding to that effect and schedule an
adjudicatory trial."</span></span> <span data-paragraph-id="20331" data-sentence-id="20597" class="ldml-sentence">But this provision in no way
precludes a <span class="ldml-entity">request for review</span> under <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_20597"><span class="ldml-cite">subsection <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> of the
same <span class="ldml-entity">statute</span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="20331" data-sentence-id="20701" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_20701"><span class="ldml-cite">Subsections <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(1)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(d)</span> and <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> can coexist.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="20331" data-sentence-id="20741" class="ldml-sentence">Assuming either that no <span class="ldml-entity">party</span> seeks review of a
magistrate's determination that there is probable cause
or that <span class="ldml-entity">a juvenile court</span> affirms such a determination on
review pursuant to <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_20741"><span class="ldml-cite">subsection <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span>, a finding to that effect
must be entered and a trial must be scheduled.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="20331" data-sentence-id="21013" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity">The juvenile
court</span>'s reading of <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_21013"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-1-108</span></a></span>, however, pitted
<span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_21013"><span class="ldml-cite">subsection <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(1)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(d)</span></span></a></span> against <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_21013"><span class="ldml-cite">subsection <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> and then allowed the
former to swallow the latter.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="20331" data-sentence-id="21174" class="ldml-sentence">This was error because
<span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-parenthetical">[w]</span>e presume that the General Assembly intended the
entire <span class="ldml-entity">statute</span> to be effective."</span></span> <span data-paragraph-id="20331" data-sentence-id="21285" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a href="/vid/893459716" data-vids="893459716" class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_21174"><span class="ldml-refname"><em class="ldml-emphasis">People v.
Luther</em></span>, <span class="ldml-cite">58 P.3d 1013, 1015</span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-court">Colo.</span> <span class="ldml-date">2002</span>)</span></a></span>.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="21337" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="21337" data-sentence-id="21348" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_21348"><span class="ldml-cite">¶31</span></a></span>
And because it was within <span class="ldml-entity">the legislature</span>'s prerogative
to allow <span class="ldml-entity">the parties</span> to seek review of a magistrate's
preliminary hearing finding in a delinquency case but not in
an adult case, any similarities between <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_21348"><span class="ldml-cite">Crim. P. 5<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(4)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(III)</span>
and 7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(h)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(4)</span></span></a></span>, on the one hand, and <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_21348"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(1)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(d)</span></span></a></span>,
on the other, are inconsequential.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="21337" data-sentence-id="21686" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_21686"><span class="ldml-cite">Crim. P. 5 and 7</span></a></span> both lack
something <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_21686"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609</span></a></span> has: a provision that
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_21767" data-val="19"></span>
explicitly permits <span class="ldml-entity">parties</span> to seek review of a
magistrate's preliminary hearing finding.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="21337" data-sentence-id="21859" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-signal"><em class="ldml-emphasis">See</em></span>
<span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_21686"><span class="ldml-cite">§ 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span></span>.</span>
</p><p data-paragraph-id="21880" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="21880" data-sentence-id="21891" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_21891"><span class="ldml-cite">¶32</span></a></span>
In sum, <span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile court</span> mistakenly rejected A.S.M.'s
<span class="ldml-entity">request for review</span> on jurisdictional grounds.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="21880" data-sentence-id="21999" class="ldml-sentence">It should have
addressed the merits of the request.</span><span data-paragraph-id="21880" data-sentence-id="22051" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-parenthetical"><sup class="ldml-superscript">[<a href="#note-ftn.FN7" class="ldml-noteanchor" id="note-ref-ftn.FN7">7</a>]</sup></span></span>
</p></div><div class="ldml-section"><section class="ldml-heading content__heading content__heading--depth2" data-ordinal_end="5" data-specifier="V" data-types="conclusion" data-id="heading_22054" data-parsed="true" data-ordinal_start="5" data-confidences="very_high" data-format="upper_case_roman_numeral" data-value="V.
Conclusion" data-content-heading-label="
V.
Conclusion
" id="heading_22054"><span data-paragraph-id="22054" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<b class="ldml-bold"><span data-paragraph-id="22054" data-sentence-id="22065" class="ldml-sentence">V.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="22054" data-sentence-id="22068" class="ldml-sentence">Conclusion</span></b>
</span></section><p data-paragraph-id="22079" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="22079" data-sentence-id="22090" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_22090"><span class="ldml-cite">¶33</span></a></span>
For the foregoing reasons, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> make absolute our rule to show
cause.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="22079" data-sentence-id="22164" class="ldml-sentence">On remand, <span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile court</span> should review the
magistrate's probable cause determination.</span>
<span class="ldml-pagenumber" data-page_type="bare_number" data-id="pagenumber_22256" data-val="20"></span>
<span data-paragraph-id="22079" data-sentence-id="22257" class="ldml-sentence">---------</span>
</p></div></div></div><div class="ldml-notes content__heading content__heading--depth1" data-content-heading-label="Footnotes"><div class="ldml-note ldml-note"><p data-paragraph-id="22267" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="22267" data-sentence-id="22268" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-parenthetical"><sup class="ldml-superscript">[<a href="#note-ref-ftn.FN1" class="ldml-notemarker" id="note-ftn.FN1">1</a>]</sup></span> <span class="ldml-entity">We</span> will refer to <span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile court</span>
judge as <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-entity">juvenile court</span>"</span> or <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-entity">court</span>"</span> and
to <span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile court</span> magistrate as <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"magistrate."</span></span>
<span data-paragraph-id="22267" data-sentence-id="22400" class="ldml-sentence">And <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> will use these abbreviations to generally refer to <span class="ldml-entity">a
juvenile court</span> judge and <span class="ldml-entity">a juvenile court</span> magistrate,
respectively.</span>
</p></div><div class="ldml-note ldml-note"><p data-paragraph-id="22530" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="22530" data-sentence-id="22531" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-parenthetical"><sup class="ldml-superscript">[<a href="#note-ref-ftn.FN2" class="ldml-notemarker" id="note-ftn.FN2">2</a>]</sup></span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7</span></a></span> applies to any <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-entity">district
court</span> magistrate."</span></span>
</p></div><div class="ldml-note ldml-note"><p data-paragraph-id="22588" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="22588" data-sentence-id="22589" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-parenthetical"><sup class="ldml-superscript">[<a href="#note-ref-ftn.FN3" class="ldml-notemarker" id="note-ftn.FN3">3</a>]</sup></span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_22589"><span class="ldml-cite">Section 19-1-108</span></a></span> is <span class="ldml-entity">the statute</span> in the
Children's Code that deals with the duties and
qualifications of magistrates who hear matters under <span class="ldml-entity">the
juvenile court</span>'s jurisdiction.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="22588" data-sentence-id="22769" class="ldml-sentence">As well, it contains a
provision regarding <span class="ldml-entity">petitions for review</span> of a
magistrate's ruling.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="22588" data-sentence-id="22861" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_22769"><span class="ldml-cite">§ 19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="22588" data-sentence-id="22878" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity">Petitions for
review</span> must be filed in <span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile court</span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="22588" data-sentence-id="22937" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><em class="ldml-emphasis"><span class="ldml-signal">See</span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_22878"><span class="ldml-cite">id.</span></a></span></em><span class="ldml-referenceseparator">;</span>
<span class="ldml-signal"><em class="ldml-emphasis">see also</em></span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="embeddedsentence_22970,sentence_22878"><span class="ldml-cite">§ 19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(1)</span></span></a></span> <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(<span class="ldml-embeddedsentence">referring to the
<span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-entity">juvenile court</span>"</span></span>)</span></span>.</span>
</p></div><div class="ldml-note ldml-note"><p data-paragraph-id="23007" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="23007" data-sentence-id="23008" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-parenthetical"><sup class="ldml-superscript">[<a href="#note-ref-ftn.FN4" class="ldml-notemarker" id="note-ftn.FN4">4</a>]</sup></span> This opinion should not be understood
as suggesting that every ruling, finding, and recommendation
by a magistrate is reviewable under <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_23008"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span>.</span>
<span data-paragraph-id="23007" data-sentence-id="23171" class="ldml-sentence">For our purposes, it suffices to say that <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_23171"><span class="ldml-cite">section
19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> expressly makes a magistrate's preliminary
hearing finding subject to review pursuant to <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_23171"><span class="ldml-cite">section
19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="23007" data-sentence-id="23350" class="ldml-sentence">Just what other findings <span class="ldml-parenthetical">(and what rulings and
recommendations)</span> by a magistrate are reviewable under <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_23350"><span class="ldml-cite">section
19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span> is not a question before <span class="ldml-entity">us</span>, and <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> accordingly
pass no judgment on it.</span>
</p></div><div class="ldml-note ldml-note"><p data-paragraph-id="23548" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="23548" data-sentence-id="23549" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-parenthetical"><sup class="ldml-superscript">[<a href="#note-ref-ftn.FN5" class="ldml-notemarker" id="note-ftn.FN5">5</a>]</sup></span> For the same reason, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> decline <span class="ldml-entity">the
prosecution</span>'s invitation to declare that <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_23549"><span class="ldml-cite">sections
19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> <span class="ldml-referenceseparator">and</span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_23549"><span class="ldml-cite">19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span></span></span> circumscribe <span class="ldml-entity">requests for
review</span> of a magistrate's preliminary hearing finding to
those filed by <span class="ldml-entity">the prosecution</span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="23548" data-sentence-id="23788" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_23788"><span class="ldml-cite">Section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> refers
to <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-parenthetical">[a]</span> <span class="ldml-entity">request for review</span>"</span> without ever drawing
any distinction between one submitted by <span class="ldml-entity">the prosecution</span> and
one submitted by a juvenile.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="23548" data-sentence-id="23959" class="ldml-sentence">Likewise, <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_23959"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span>
talks about <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-parenthetical">[a]</span> <span class="ldml-entity">request for review</span>"</span> and <span class="ldml-quotation quote">"<span class="ldml-parenthetical">[a]</span>
<span class="ldml-entity">petition for review</span>,"</span> but it nowhere states that only
<span class="ldml-entity">the prosecution</span> may bring such a request or petition.</span>
</p></div><div class="ldml-note ldml-note"><p data-paragraph-id="24147" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="24147" data-sentence-id="24148" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-parenthetical"><sup class="ldml-superscript">[<a href="#note-ref-ftn.FN6" class="ldml-notemarker" id="note-ftn.FN6">6</a>]</sup></span> Similarly, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> perceive no conflict
between <span class="ldml-entity"><span class="ldml-referencechain"><span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_24148"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span> <span class="ldml-referenceseparator">and</span> <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(a)</span><span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span></span></span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="24147" data-sentence-id="24237" class="ldml-sentence">If a
<span class="ldml-entity">request for review</span> unrelated to a preliminary hearing finding
in a delinquency proceeding is brought pursuant to <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_24237"><span class="ldml-cite">section
19-1-108<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(5.5)</span></span></a></span>, that provision, not <span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference"><span class="ldml-cite">C.R.M. 7</span></a></span>,
controls.</span>
</p></div><div class="ldml-note ldml-note"><p data-paragraph-id="24422" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="24422" data-sentence-id="24423" class="ldml-sentence"><span class="ldml-parenthetical"><sup class="ldml-superscript">[<a href="#note-ref-ftn.FN7" class="ldml-notemarker" id="note-ftn.FN7">7</a>]</sup></span> Invoking concerns of due process and
equal protection, <span class="ldml-entity">the prosecution</span> argues in passing that
allowing juveniles whose preliminary hearing is conducted by
a magistrate to challenge the result in <span class="ldml-entity">a juvenile
court</span>-<span class="ldml-quotation quote">"with detailed briefing, extensive legal research,
and close scrutiny of a transcript"</span>-gives them more
favorable treatment than those juveniles whose preliminary
hearing is conducted by <span class="ldml-entity">a juvenile court</span>.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="24422" data-sentence-id="24849" class="ldml-sentence">Even overlooking
<span class="ldml-entity">the prosecution</span>'s failure to direct <span class="ldml-entity">us</span> to any authority
granting it standing to mount this constitutional challenge
on behalf of juveniles, <span class="ldml-entity">we</span> are not persuaded that today's
decision bestows preferential treatment on some juveniles or
otherwise gives rise to constitutional concerns.</span> <span data-paragraph-id="24422" data-sentence-id="25155" class="ldml-sentence">Those
juveniles who have their preliminary hearing in front of <span class="ldml-entity">a
juvenile court</span> and are not entitled to seek review under
<span class="ldml-entity"><a class="ldml-reference" data-prop-ids="sentence_25155"><span class="ldml-cite">section 19-2.5-609<span class="ldml-parenthetical">(3)</span></span></a></span> may file a <span class="ldml-entity">motion to
reconsider</span>-<span class="ldml-quotation quote">"with detailed briefing, extensive legal
research, and close scrutiny of a transcript"</span>-if <span class="ldml-entity">they</span>
disagree with <span class="ldml-entity">the juvenile court</span>'s preliminary hearing
finding.</span>
</p></div></div><p data-paragraph-id="25497" class="ldml-paragraph ">
<span data-paragraph-id="25497" data-sentence-id="25498" class="ldml-sentence">---------</span>
</p>
</div></div>
</div>
</div>