DocketNumber: No. 0119573
Citation Numbers: 1994 Conn. Super. Ct. 11623
Judges: SYLVESTER, J.
Filed Date: 11/21/1994
Status: Non-Precedential
Modified Date: 4/17/2021
The defendant filed an answer and a special defense applicable to both counts, asserting comparative negligence based on the plaintiff's alleged negligent conduct in the operation of his vehicle and factors constituting assumption of the risk. On June 6, 1994, the plaintiff filed a request to revise, requesting that the defendant separate out the allegations of comparative negligence based on negligence and those based on assumption of the risk. The court (Sullivan, J.) overruled the defendant's objection to the request to revise. Accordingly, the defendant filed an amended answer and four special defenses. The first special defense, directed against the plaintiff's first count, asserts comparative negligence based on the plaintiff's own negligent conduct. The second special defense to the first count asserts assumption of the risk as a basis of comparative negligence. The first and second special defenses to the second count assert comparative recklessness and assumption of the risk, respectively. The plaintiff moves to strike the second special defense to the first count and the first and second special defense to the second count. CT Page 11624
The motion to strike challenges the legal sufficiency of a pleading, including "any answer to any complaint, counterclaim or cross-claim, or any part of that answer including any special defense contained therein. . . ." Practice Book 152; Ferrymanv. Groton,
A. Second Special Defense
The defendant's second special defense to the first count alleges assumption of the risk as a basis of comparative negligence. Although the common law doctrine of assumption of the risk, which operated as a complete bar to a plaintiff's negligence action, was abolished by General Statutes §
B. First Special Defense to the Second Count
The plaintiff moves to strike the defendant's first special defenses to the second count on the ground that the allegations CT Page 11625 of the first special defense to the second count merely reiterate the allegations of comparative negligence in the first special defense to the first count. Therefore, the plaintiff argues, the defendant has failed to allege a legally sufficient defense to a claim of recklessness.
To satisfy a claim of recklessness, the reckless party's acts must be alleged to have been done with a reckless indifference to the interests of others. Ames v. Sears, Roebuck Co.,
While an act to be reckless must be intended by the actor, the actor does not intend to cause the harm which results from it. It is enough that he realizes, or from the facts which he knows, should realize that there is a strong probability that harm will result.
(Citations omitted.) Mingachos v. CBS, Inc.,
"A plaintiff cannot transform a negligence count into a count for wilful and wanton misconduct merely by appending a string of adjectives to allegations that clearly sound innegligence." (Emphasis added.) Brown v. Branford,
In order to maintain a cause of action sounding in recklessness, the claim of recklessness must be set out separately from any claim of negligence and must specifically identify the conduct which is alleged to have been reckless. See Warner v. Leslie-Elliot Constructors, Inc.,
194 Conn. 124 ,138 [,479 A.2d 231 ] (1984). . . .
(Additional citations omitted.) Doyle v. Christensen,
Construed most favorably for the nonmovant, the first special defense to the second count contains an allegation that the plaintiff proceeded into the intersection prior to the collision when he knew or should have known that his vehicle had a propensity for stalling, and that this conduct was a substantial factor in causing the accident. These allegations support a defense sounding in recklessness. Although these allegations are also contained in the defendant's first special defense to the first count, a pleading will survive a challenge to its legal sufficiency when it contains all the necessary elements of a cause of action or defense. D'Ulisse-Cupo v.Board of Directors of Notre Dame High School,
C. Second Special Defense to the Second Count
The plaintiff moves to strike as legally insufficient the second special defense to the second count, which asserts a defense of assumption of the risk against the second count, sounding in recklessness. The plaintiff cites to two Superior Court cases holding that the defense of assumption of the risk may not be asserted against a claim of recklessness. SeeCheneski v. Barber, Superior Court, judicial district of Danbury, Docket No. 307083 (February 7, 1993, Fuller, J.);Zawadski v. Robbins, Superior Court, judicial district of Hartford/New Britain, Docket No. 384518 (July 14, 1992, Wagner, J.).
However, in Weeman v. Church,
SYLVESTER, J.