DocketNumber: No. CV 93 0527853S
Citation Numbers: 1994 Conn. Super. Ct. 3013
Judges: AURIGEMMA, J.
Filed Date: 3/18/1994
Status: Non-Precedential
Modified Date: 7/5/2016
The third count of the complaint alleges:
The plaintiff mother observed the impact of the motor vehicle with her son, became hysterical, and instantly proceeded to his aid. After the impact with the motor vehicle, the minor Plaintiff, staggered into the street and collapsed into his mother's arms. The Plaintiff mother observed the minor plaintiff's head was partially flattened by the impact and a large discharge of mucous and blood erupted form his nostrils and mouth. The observation of the impact and subsequent trauma caused his mother extreme mental anguish, distress and grief, and injury to her health, character and feeling.
The Connecticut Supreme Court has considered the issue of bystander recovery for emotional distress in Strazza v. McKittrick,
In Amodio v. Cunningham, supra, the Supreme Court once again addressed the issue of bystander recovery. Amodio involved a medical malpractice action wherein the trial court granted the CT Page 3015 defendant's motion to strike the second count of the plaintiff's complaint, on the ground that it failed to state a cause of action that was cognizable in Connecticut. Id., 82. The plaintiff had alleged in that count that she suffered physical mental and emotional harm caused by witnessing the death of her daughter due to the negligent conduct of the defendant. Id., 81-82, 83-84.
In its opinion, the Amodio court noted that there was a growing trend among other jurisdictions to recognize a cause of action for bystander recovery for emotional distress, and that this trend had its genesis in the case of Dillon v. Legg,
"(1) Whether plaintiff was located near the scene of the accident as contrasted with one who was a distance away from it. (2) Whether the shock resulted from a direct emotional impact upon plaintiff from the sensory and contemporaneous observance of the accident, as contrasted with learning of the accident from others after its occurrence. (3) Whether plaintiff and the victim were closely related, as contrasted with an absence of any relationship or the presence of only a distant relationship."
Maloney v. Conroy, supra, 395-96, quoting Dillon v. Legg, supra, 740-41.
After considering the recent trend and the Dillon case, the Amodio court declined to adopt Dillon. The court in Amodio further noted that the Dillon requirements were not satisfied by the facts of the particular case before it.
It is clear . . . that even if we were inclined to adopt the approach taken in Dillon and the cases relying thereon, the complaint in the present case would . . . nonetheless fail to state a cognizable cause of action. [because] the allegations of the complaint indicate that the injuries suffered by the plaintiff's child became manifest a considerable period of time after the alleged negligence of the defendant occurred.
In Maloney, supra, the plaintiff daughter sought recovery for negligent infliction of emotional distress as the result of being CT Page 3016 present at her mother's bedside and watching her mother's health deteriorate due to the negligence of the defendants. Id., 393-394. The trial court granted the defendants' motion to strike the plaintiff's complaint. Id., 393.
As in Amodio, the plaintiff in Maloney did not allege or claim any contemporaneous sensory perception of the negligent conduct of the defendants, and therefore failed to satisfy the Dillon requirements. Maloney v. Conroy, supra, 396-397. The court in Maloney held that, regardless of whether the Dillon factors were satisfied, a bystander to medical malpractice could not recover for emotional distress: "Whatever may be the situation in other contexts where bystander emotional disturbance claims arise, we are convinced that with respect to such claims arising from malpractice. . . ." we should return to the position we articulated in Strazza. . . ." Maloney v. Conroy, supra, 402.
Superior court decisions have interpreted these cases to both allow recovery by a bystander for emotional distress; see e.g. Doe v. Shop-Rite Supermarkets, 7 CTLR 330 (September 15, 1992, Leuba, J.); Short v. State,
This court believes that the Court's holding in Maloney must be limited to medical malpractice cases. The Maloney Court stressed the unique problems posed by applying the Dillon standard to medical malpractice cases:
The present case, for example, poses the troublesome question of causation involved in distinguishing the plaintiff's natural grief over the loss of her mother, with whom she had lived for many years and whose death she might well have had to bear even in the absence of malpractice, from the effects upon her feelings of her belief that the suffering and death of her mother were CT Page 3017 attributable to the defendants' wrongful conduct.
208 Conn. at p. 399 .To allow recovery by one, like the plaintiff, who has been more or less constantly "at the bedside" of the malpractice victim during the period of treatment is likely to cause hospitals and other medical treatment facilities to curtail substantially the extent of visitation of patients that is presently permitted. Such a response by providers of medical care to the risk of liability to visitors whose sensitivity and relationship to the patient may result in emotional disturbances from observing treatment of loved ones that they view as improper would seem inevitable if such claims were to become more frequent. The restriction of current liberal practices with respect to patient visitation in order to reduce the incidence of bystander emotional disturbance claims would be a regrettable social consequence of enlarging the right to recover for emotional disturbances based upon the impact of medical malpractice upon bystanders. Id. at p. 402-403
The allegations of the Third Count satisfy the requirements of Dillon and the subsequent case of Thing v. LaChusa,
The loss of filial consortium has not been recognized by any appellate court in this state. In Maloney v. Lesnick,
By the Court,
Aurigemma, J.