DocketNumber: No. CV93 0130286 S
Citation Numbers: 1996 Conn. Super. Ct. 9053
Judges: D'ANDREA, J.
Filed Date: 11/18/1996
Status: Non-Precedential
Modified Date: 7/5/2016
The plaintiff and the defendant entered into a one-year lease, commencing August 28, 1991, for the rental of condominium unit 109, located at 105 Harbor Road, Stamford, Connecticut. In October, 1991, a crack in a pool water supply pipe caused flooding in the crawl space below the plaintiff's unit. The standing water created a foul odor, excessive humidity, mold and mildew. The plaintiff alleges that these conditions caused her personal injuries and that she incurred damages for medical expenses, lost wages and additional housing expenses for her relocation to a hotel during December, 1991. The plaintiff stopped payment on her $700 December rent check, but continued to reside in the unit until the lease expired. The defendant retained a portion of the plaintiff's security deposit to cover the December rent and expenses for cleaning and repairs.
On November 26, 1992, the plaintiff brought a small claims action against the defendant for the return of her rental security deposit, demanding a total of $2000 in damages. The defendant counterclaimed, alleging that the plaintiff had breached her lease and seeking damages for the one month's rent with interest. The matter was heard by Magistrate Ertman, who awarded the plaintiff $1,279.90, but did not render a written decision.
The defendant subsequently moved for summary judgment in the present action, arguing that res judicata should apply to the small claims judgment because the plaintiff either litigated or could have litigated her claim in the earlier action. In her objection to the defendant's motion, the plaintiff argued that the small claims action had addressed only the security deposit issue. The plaintiff also stated that the magistrate had refused to hear medical evidence, on the basis that the plaintiff could raise that issue in a later tort suit.
On June 24, 1996, the plaintiff filed this motion for summary judgment, as to liability only, with supporting affidavits. In the memorandum in support of her motion, the plaintiff argues that the defendant should be collaterally estopped from raising the issues of breach of duty, breach of lease and breach of CT Page 9054 warranty of habitability because those issues were actually litigated and necessarily decided by the small claims magistrate. The plaintiff also moves for summary judgment on the defendant's special defenses of res judicata and lack of subject matter jurisdiction, contending that both defenses are "legally incorrect." The defendant, in its objection to the plaintiff's motion, argues again that the small claims action should be given res judicata effect against the plaintiff. The defendant also maintains that it was not in possession or control of the crawl space in question during the time the space was flooded.
On October 16, 1996, the court, (D'Andrea, J.) rendered a decision denying the defendant's motion for summary judgment, leaving before the court only the plaintiff's motion for summary judgment.
Summary judgment shall be rendered "if the pleadings, affidavits and any other proof submitted show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Practice Book § 384;Doty v. Mucci,
"Claim preclusion, sometimes referred to as res judicata, and issue preclusion, sometimes referred to as collateral estoppel, are first cousins. Both legal doctrines promote judicial economy by preventing relitigation of issues or claims previously resolved." (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Delahunty v.CT Page 9055Massachusetts Mutual Life Ins. Co.,
The plaintiff argues that the small claims judgment in her favor necessarily decided the issues of whether the defendant breached the warranty of habitability, the covenant of quiet enjoyment and General Statutes §
The plaintiff's arguments here contradict the arguments she made in her objection to the defendant's motion for summary judgment. In the brief attached to that objection, the plaintiff stated that the sole claim of the small claims action was the defendant's "refusal to return security deposit," and also noted that "[t]he factual underpinnings of the tort claims which form the present action are separate and distinct from the claim for a return of the security deposit which was litigated in the small claims action." Paradoxically, the plaintiff used the same affidavits in support of her objection as she uses in support of her motion for summary judgment.
A copy of the small claims complaint states that the plaintiff "claims you owe $2000 plus costs for the following reasons: refusal to return security deposit for a condominium rental . . . [d]eposit monies unfairly retained by Thomas R. CT Page 9056 Schiller, Jamestowne Properties, Inc., to pay for his landlord responsibilities. . . ." Jamestowne's Exhibit A, Brief in Opposition to the Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment. The small claims magistrate, while rendering judgment for the plaintiff, did not articulate his reasoning in a written opinion. Because no such clarification of Magistrate Ertman's decision exists, and because the plaintiff offers conflicting accounts of what was actually litigated in the small claims action, there is a genuine issue of material fact. "To assert successfully the doctrine of issue preclusion, . . . a party must establish that the issue sought to be foreclosed actually was litigated and determined in the prior action between the parties." Delahunty v. Massachusetts MutualLife Ins. Co., supra,
"If a moving party's papers are insufficient to discharge [her] burden of showing that no material fact is genuinely in issue, the opposing party does not have to produce contravening material." Walker v. Lombardo,
"A motion for summary judgment should be denied unless the evidence is such that no room for disbelief could exist in the minds of the jury." Since the plaintiff herself has raised an issue of material fact, her motion for summary judgment as to liability on the complaint and counterclaim is denied.
The plaintiff has also moved for summary judgment on two of the defendant's special defenses, on the grounds that they are "legally incorrect." However, Practice Book § 379, which describes the scope of summary judgment procedure, does not mention special defenses. Accordingly, most Superior Court judges who have specifically addressed this issue have ruled that a CT Page 9057 motion for summary judgment as to a special defense is improper.1 Instead, "a special defense that is insufficient or invalid on its face may be eliminated by way of a motion to strike pursuant to Practice Book § 152. . . ." Ney v. Brandi, Superior Court, judicial district of New Haven at New Haven, Docket No. 368932 (September 27, 1995, Hodgson, J.). Accordingly, the plaintiff's motion for summary judgment as to the defendant's second and third special defenses is denied.
D'ANDREA, J.