DocketNumber: No. CV 01 0457724 S
Citation Numbers: 2002 Conn. Super. Ct. 10610, 32 Conn. L. Rptr. 735
Judges: ARNOLD, JUDGE.
Filed Date: 8/19/2002
Status: Non-Precedential
Modified Date: 7/5/2016
This action arises from an alleged fall-down on January 14, 2001 at 499 Ferry Street, New Haven, Connecticut. The plaintiff, Victor Reed alleges he slipped and fell as a result of snow and ice on a common walkway adjacent to the premises while he was accessing stairs leading to a friend's apartment.
Reed, by way of his complaint dated October 22, 2001, brought a negligence action against Suburban seeking damages for his injuries and losses. Reed maintains that the subject premises, including the common walkway, was "controlled, possessed, managed or maintained" by the defendant Suburban, on the date he allegedly fell. He further claims that Suburban was negligent and careless in permitting the walkway to become dangerous for use by the public.
Thereafter, by way of an apportionment complaint dated March 21, 2002, Suburban brought an action against Larsen seeking apportionment of liability pursuant to General Statutes §
A motion to strike "admits all facts well pleaded; it does not admit legal conclusions or the truth or accuracy of opinions stated in the pleadings" (Emphasis omitted.) Id. "A motion to strike is properly granted if where a plaintiff's complaint alleges legal conclusions unsupported by facts." Id.
"In ruling on a motion to strike, the court is limited to the facts alleged in the complaint." Gordon v. Bridgeport Housing Authority,
Upon deciding a motion to strike, the trial court must construe the "plaintiff's complaint in [a] manner most favorable to sustaining its legal sufficiency." Bouchard v. People's Bank,
The apportionment defendant Larsen argues that the ruling in Gazo v.City of Stamford, supra at 257 notes that the relationship between a contractor and a landowner or possessor of land is a relationship of vicarious liability. The non-delegable duty doctrine, which places a duty on the landowner or possessor to keep the premises in a reasonably safe condition, involves a form of vicarious liability where "the party with the duty may be vicariously liable for the conduct of its independent contractor." Id. Larsen argues that this is in direct contrast to separate and distinct acts of negligence contemplated under General Statutes §
The apportionment plaintiff, Suburban, argues that Gazo v. City ofStamford, supra, does not, in fact, deal with the apportionment situation, and that it addressed and made clear that there was a direct duty owed by the contractor to the original plaintiff. Suburban also states that vicarious liability does not necessarily preclude liability on the part of the independent contractor. Id.
There is a split of authority among the judges of the Superior Court as to whether apportionment is available to a possessor of property as against an independent contractor. Those in favor of apportionment conclude that if an independent contractor may be directly liable to a plaintiff, the apportionment should be allowed. See, e.g., Grelisano v.National Amusements, Inc., Superior Court, judicial district of Ansonia/Milford at Milford, Docket No. 065495 (July 29, 1999) (Thompson,J.), Dowd v. Jack, Superior Court, judicial district of Danbury, Docket No. 323612 (January 16, 1998) (Leheny, J.). CT Page 10613
Other Superior Court cases hold that liability may not be apportioned between a property owner and an independent contractor. They reason that liability is indivisible because the duty of the property owner to maintain the safety of premises for invitees is non-delegable. See, e.g., Riggione v. Kmart Corp., Superior Court, judicial district of New Haven at New Haven, Docket No. 425255 (January 11, 2000) (Alander, J.);Wood v. Chalet Suisse International Superior Court, judicial district of New Haven at Meriden, Docket No. 245558 (May 18, 1995) (Silbert, J.);Lovallo v. Devcon-Torrington, L.L.C., Superior Court, judicial district of Litchfield at Litchfield, Docket No. 081097 (May 23, 2001) (Agati,J.); Sutphin v. Barberino Real Estate, Inc., Superior Court, judicial district of New Haven at New Haven, Docket No. 447378 (July 16, 2001) (Licari, J.).
In the present case, the landowner-possessor Suburban has a non-delegable duty and it may not absolve itself of liability by contracting out the performance of that duty to the apportionment defendant Larsen. The non-delegable duty doctrine means that a party may contract out the performance of a non-delegable duty, but may not contract out its ultimate legal responsibility. Gazo v. City ofStamford,
The Supreme Court stated that apportionment is not applicable where one defendant is vicariously liable for the conduct of another defendant because apportionment "proceeds on the premises that the defendants . . . are at least potentially liable in differing proportions." Id., 258. The non-delegable duty doctrine is a form of vicarious liability. Id., 257.
This court holds that the apportionment of Suburban's non-delegable duty, which could be contracted out to Larsen, is inappropriate. A duty is owed to the plaintiff Reed by both the owner-possessor Suburban and CT Page 10614 the contractor, Larsen. The breach of duty to the plaintiff, mainly keeping the premises safe for invitees, can be committed by either the possessor-owner or the contractor, but the landowner remains legally responsible because it has a non-delegable duty. Therefore Larsen's motion to strike the apportionment complaint is hereby granted.
The Court,
By:
Arnold, J.