DocketNumber: No. CV97 0058626
Citation Numbers: 1999 Conn. Super. Ct. 1368, 23 Conn. L. Rptr. 74
Judges: CURRAN, J.
Filed Date: 2/9/1999
Status: Non-Precedential
Modified Date: 7/5/2016
On December 8, 1998, the defendants filed a motion for partial summary judgment against the plaintiff on the ground that CT Page 1369 the plaintiff, as a "future creditor," does not have the standing to bring the present action and, therefore, the court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over the plaintiff. Specifically, the defendants argue that the Connecticut statutes adopting the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act ("UFTA"), General Statutes §
The plaintiff objects to the motion for summary judgment. Specifically, the plaintiff argues that it is not bringing an action under §
The defendants' motion implicates the power of the court to hear the case, and the "proper way to challenge subject matter jurisdiction is by a motion to dismiss, rather than a motion for summary judgment." Booth v. Flanagan,
"A motion to dismiss admits all facts well pleaded and invokes any record that accompanies the motion, including supporting affidavits that contain undisputed facts . . . A ruling on a motion to dismiss is neither a ruling on the merits of the action . . . nor a test of whether the complaint states a cause of action . . . Motions to dismiss are granted solely on jurisdictional grounds." (Citations omitted.) Malasky v. MetalProducts Corp. ,
The parties are in agreement as to certain language of General Statutes §
The legislature's adoption of the UFTA replaced the old fraudulent conveyance statute, §
The question before this court, is whether the UFTA, as adopted by the legislature, expressly abrogates the common law as to fraudulent conveyances in respect to future creditors. Though the UFTA has been addressed in regards to common law for other reasons; See Valeri v. Quijano, Superior Court, judicial district of Hartford/New Britain at Hartford, Docket No 700942 (March 12, 1996) (Wagner, J.) (as plaintiff's complaint as plaintiff's alleged a common law CT Page 1371 cause of action for fraudulent conveyance, the §
"In determining whether or not a statute abrogates or modifies a common law rule the construction must be strict, and the operation of a statute in derogation of the common law is to be limited to matters clearly brought within its scope . . ." (Citations omitted.) Lynn v. Haybuster Mfg., Inc.,
In regards to the statutes in question, certain sections seem to expressly limit fraudulent transfers to instances where "the creditor's claim arose before the transfer was made or the obligation was incurred . . ." General Statutes §
Other parts of the same statutes, however, are not as clearly in derogation of the common law as the portion cited above. Under §
Such an implication, however, is inconsistent and contradictory to the previously quoted language of the statute that seems to limit fraudulent transfers to present creditors. Read separately, the clauses of the statutes seem to provide for both present creditors and certain future creditors. Read together as a whole, the language limiting claims to present creditors seems irreconcilable with the statute's explicit recognition of present claims.
It is a well-known proposition of statutory construction that although the courts must first look to the language of the statute, the court may look beyond the text to determine a statute's meaning "if the application of the statute to a particular situation reveals a latent ambiguity or inconsistency." Castagno v. Wholean,
The legislative history concerning the Connecticut version of the UFTA, unfortunately, sheds very little light on the inconsistencies within the statute or whether that statute was meant to clearly abrogate the common law of fraudulent transfers. On the contrary, the legislative history confuses that issue insofar as the legislators, in several instances, refer to the UFTA as expanding common law rights. See, S. Proc. 1991 Sess., p. 2963, comments of Senator Avallone ("[w]e have article 6 of the Uniform Commercial Code which has been repealed which also dealt with these instances of creditors, rights and in particular as they relate to transfers of property for less than adequate consideration. This bill tightens up existing law, expands common law rights of creditors, and, in fact, increases the rights of people to collect monies owed to them in the event someone tries to take property away which was available to the creditor"). See also, Conn. Judiciary Committee, Feb. 19, 1991, p. 192, comments of Houston Lowry ("UFTA codifies and expands on an existing Connecticut statute,
On the other hand, the legislative history of the statute, in one instance, does discuss the distinction between present and future creditors, but does so in a limited context. See S. Proc., CT Page 1373 1991 Session, p. 2901, remarks of Senator Avallone ("[w]hat the amendment does is indicate that espousal transfers, any transfer between a husband and wife, even if it was for no consideration, which took place before the occurrence of a debt, would not be subject to a claim of fraudulent conveyance, if in fact, that particular loan had not been repaid. If that transfer takes place after the debt has been incurred, then it is subject to a fraudulent conveyance").
Again there appear to be inconsistencies in the scope of the statute. In several instances, the superior courts, without going into great detail, have suggested that the common law as to fraudulent conveyances continues to exist in addition to the UFTA. See Soucyv. Soucy, Superior Court, judicial district of Waterbury at Waterbury, Docket No. 141716 (January 30, 1998) (Vertefeuille, J.); Valeri v. Quijano, supra, Superior Court, Docket No 700942;First Constitutional Bank v. Masotta, Superior Court, judicial district of New Haven at New Haven. At the present time, this court is not prepared to state that these observations lack persuasion and that the UFTA has expressly provided for the abrogation of the common law. In light of the fact that there is ambiguity in the UFTA statute as to whether the legislature has expressly removed the right of "future" creditors, and the fact that the legislative history supports the proposition that the UFTA seeks to expand the common law as to fraudulent transfers, this court finds that the legislature has not acted in a clear and plain manner so as to displace the common law right as to fraudulent transfers.
The court, therefore, finds that the plaintiff has standing to bring an action against the defendants under the common law. The defendants' motion to dismiss (in the form of a motion for partial summary judgment) is denied.
THE COURT
_________________ CURRAN, J.