DocketNumber: No. CV90-0097432S
Citation Numbers: 1999 Conn. Super. Ct. 13410
Judges: CARUSO, JUDGE.
Filed Date: 10/5/1999
Status: Non-Precedential
Modified Date: 4/18/2021
Judge Pittman of the Superior Court in the judicial district of Waterbury denied the permanent injunctions. The plaintiffs appealed, "and the Appellate Court reversed the trial court's decision. Mannweiler v. LaFlamme, supra,
"The Marketable Record Title Act is comprehensive in its approach to eliminating ancient and stale claims and defects, and shall be liberally construed and relied upon as a cure or remedy for such imperfections of title as fall within its scope so as to effect its legitimate purpose of simplifying and accelerating land title transactions." Connecticut Standards of Title, Standard 3.1 (1980). The defendants have a marketable record title pursuant to General Statutes §
The question before the court is whether the plaintiffs were required to file a notice of claim pursuant to General Statutes §
The subdivision map recorded in the land records by Whittemore shows that Hop Brook consisted of six sections divided into fifty-two lots, not of equal size. The defendants purchased lot 1, section E, along with lot 2, lot 5 and a portion of lot 3, on June 8, 1989, from Edward B. and Donna R. Hyland by deed recorded in the Naugatuck land records at Volume 268, Page 467. (Defendants' Exhibit K). The defendants' statutory root of title for lot 1, section E relates back to the August 6, 1937 deed from the developer, Whittemore, to Lewis A. Dibble (Dibble), (Defendants' Exhibit F), and the deeds September 26, 1946, as amended on December 7, 1946 from Whittemore to Dibble3. (Defendants' Exhibits G-1, G-2). In May 1991, the defendants received approval from the Naugatuck planning and zoning commission to subdivide lot 1, section E, and to construct two houses on the property in addition to their existing home.
The plaintiffs allege that the subdivision is in violation of restrictions requiring one house per lot. The defendant claims that any restrictions on the land were created prior to the date of the root of title, 1937, and are thus null and void pursuant to General Statutes §
The first thirty deeds of Hop Brook lots from Whittemore between 1927 and 1937 contained covenants and restrictions virtually identical to the following: "1. The aforesaid premises shall be occupied and used by the Grantee, his heirs and assigns, for private residential purposes only and not otherwise, and there shall at no time be erected or maintained thereon anything except one private residence for the use of one family only. . . . 3. Each and all the foregoing covenants and restrictions are for the mutual benefit of all persons who have derived or who shall derive title, directly or indirectly from the Grantor to any lot or lots shown on the Map hereinbefore referred to, and shall run with the land in favor of all lots shown on said Map, and any breach or threatened breach of any one or more or all of the covenants and restrictions aforesaid may be enjoined upon application of the Grantor, its successors and assigns, or any person or persons, who have derived or shall derive title directly or indirectly from the Grantor to any lot or lots shown on said map. " Mannweiler v. LaFlamme, supra,
The title transfer from Whittemore to Dibble for a portion of lot 1 and a portion of lot 5, section E, as recorded on August 6, 1937 in the Naugatuck land records at Volume 85, page 268, was subject to the following pertinent provisions: "1. The aforesaid premises shall be occupied and used by the Grantee, his heirs and assigns, for private residential purposes only and not otherwise, and there shall at no time be erected or maintained thereon anything except one private residence for the use of [o]ne family only, which private residence shall cost, exclusive of land, not less than $15,000.00, together with the necessary outbuildings thereto, or such outbuildings as may be desired by the Grantee, his heirs and assigns, for use in connection with his occupancy of the private residence located on the premises now owned by him and located to the West of the within described land. . . . 3. Each and all the foregoing covenants and restrictions are for the mutual benefit of all persons who have derived or who shall derive title, directly or indirectly, from the Grantor to any lot or lots shown on the Map hereinbefore referred to, and shall run with the land in favor of all lots shown on said Map, and any breach or threatened breach of any one or more or all of the covenants and restrictions aforesaid may be enjoined upon the application of the Grantor, its successors and assigns, or any person or persons who have derived or shall derive title, directly or indirectly, from the Grantor to any lot or lots shown on said Map, all subject, however, to the revocation of such covenants and restrictions as hereinafter set forth. 4. It is particularly agreed and understood that should the Grantee, his heirs or assigns, purchase further lands from the Grantor, or its successors, within Block `E', as shown on said Map, the foregoing covenants and restrictions may be revoked, in whole or in part, and others substituted therefor, by an agreement entered into by and between the Grantor, or its successors, and the Grantee, or his heirs or assigns, alone, and without the consent of any other person or persons." (Defendants's Exhibit F).
The title transfer from Whittemore to Dibble of the remainder of lot 1, section E, as well as a portion of lot 3, a portion of lot 5 and lot 4, as recorded in the Naugatuck land records at Volume 97, Page 377 on September 26, 1946, and as amended in the Naugatuck land records at Volume 97, Page 493 on December 7, 1946, was subject to the following pertinent restrictions: "1. All said premises shall be occupied and used by the Grantee, his heirs and assigns, for private residential proposed duly and not CT Page 13414 otherwise, and there shall at no time be erected or maintained thereon any thing except private residences, each for the use of the family only, which private residences shall each cost, exclusive of land, "not less than $15,000.00, together with the necessary outbuildings thereto, and except such outbuildings as may be desired by the Grantee, his heirs and assigns, for use in connection with the occupancy of a private residence located within said Section. No private residence shall be erected or maintained on a lot, having a street frontage of less than 100 feet or a total area of less than 15,000 square feet. 2. Said premises may be re-subdivided into building jots of dimensions other than those shown on said Map, provided, however, that no lot shall have a street frontage of less than 100 feet nor a total area of less than 15,000 square feet. . . . 3. Each and all the foregoing covenants and restrictions are for the mutual benefit of all persons who have derived or who shall derive title, directly or indirectly, from the Grantor to any lot or lots shown on the Map hereinbefore referred to, and shall run with the land in favor of all lots shown on said Map, and any breach or threatened breach of any one or more or all of the covenants and restrictions aforesaid may be enjoined upon the application of the Grantor, its successors and assigns, or any person or persons who have derived or shall derive title, directly or indirectly, from the Grantor to any lot or lots shown on said Map. " (Defendants' Exhibits G-1, G-2).
The Appellate Court determined that "[t]he attempt to reserve a power to revoke and amend the covenants in the 1937 deed is void and the subsequent modifications in deeds from Whittemore giving the grantees the right to subdivide are also void." Mannweiler v. LaFlamme, supra,
The Connecticut Standards of Title, Standard 3.8, offers the court direction in determining the effect of title defects and conflicting interest in the 40 year chain of title. "A Marketable Record Title is subject to conflicting interests in third parties or defects in the record chain of title which are created by either the recorded instrument which constitutes the root of title, or any subsequent interest in the chain of record title." Connecticut Standards of Title, Standard 3.8 (1980).
Example C of Comment 1 of the Connecticut Standards of Title, Standard 3.85 is particularly instructive. In Example C, the root of title deed contained a forged signature of the seller on the conveyance. Following two subsequent sales of the property, the property owner, with an unbroken chain of title for 40 years after the forged conveyance, had a marketable title subject to the owner of the property whose name was forged, because the marketable record title "can extinguish only those defects and interests which were created or came into existence prior to the statutory root of title." (Emphasis added.) Connecticut Standards of Title, Standard 3.8, Comment 1, Example C (1980).
The Appellate Court held that the 1937 deed contained a void provision that allowed the grantor and grantee to revoke restrictions without the agreement of other Hop Brook lot owners.Mannweiler v. LaFlamme, supra,
JOHN R. CARUSO, J.