DocketNumber: No. CV 95 0067464
Citation Numbers: 1995 Conn. Super. Ct. 10251
Judges: PICKETT, J.
Filed Date: 9/6/1995
Status: Non-Precedential
Modified Date: 4/17/2021
In support of their motion, the defendants filed a memorandum of law. The plaintiff timely filed a memorandum in opposition. The defendants also filed a reply memorandum.
DISCUSSION
"A motion to strike challenges the legal sufficiency of a pleading." Mingachos v. CBS Inc.,
General Statutes Sec.
In this case, the plaintiff has not alleged in the second count facts sufficient to demonstrate that she was attempting to speak out on a public issue. The underlying speech involved in this count of the complaint concerns "an allegation that the plaintiff had spread rumors about the defendant Fitzherbert." The plaintiff argues that to the extent that she may have spread these rumors, her purpose could have been to express her concern over sexual harassment in the work place. The allegations of this count, however, contain no allegations that the plaintiff engaged in speech expressing her concern over sexual harassment in the work place. In fact, the second count contains no allegations that can be construed as concerning any attempt by the plaintiff to speak out as a citizen on a public issue. Therefore, the motion to strike the second count is granted.
The defendants contend that even if the defendants' actions contravened public policy, this violation could not have caused the plaintiff's termination. In response, the plaintiff relies on this court's decision in Yates v. Charlotte Hungerford Hospital, Superior Court, Judicial District of Litchfield, No. 056115 (November 27, 1991, Pickett, J.). In Yates, the defendant terminated the plaintiff on the ground of "lack of work," but three weeks later hired another individual to fill the plaintiff's position. The defendant moved to strike a claim of breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, arguing that the plaintiff failed to allege a recognized violation of public policy. The court, however, recognized this state's "public policy against knowingly providing false information for use in determining eligibility for unemployment compensation" as stated in Sec.
In Sperry v. Post Publishing Company,
While the statement in issue may be evidence of wrongful termination, it does not constitute a separate and distinct cause of action. . . . [T]he public policy against knowingly providing false information did not cause or result in the plaintiff's wrongful discharge. It is perhaps merely evidence that the termination was wrongful because of its falseness. Similarly, the lying in issue did not cause or result in the termination, but rather is perhaps evidence of its wrongfulness. CT Page 10255
Id.
The facts alleged in the fourth count are analogous to those in the Sperry case. These facts fail to show how the alleged public policy violation caused or resulted in the plaintiff's termination. In Sheets v. Teddy's Frosted Foods, Inc.,
In reply to the plaintiff's arguments, the defendants argue that the plaintiff's claims are not related solely to their discharge, but also to acts occurring prior to the discharge and during the course of their employment. They further argue that the amendment to the act merely provided that emotional distress injuries are no longer compensable under the act, but they are still injuries in the course of employment subject to the act's exclusivity provision. The defendant also contends that the plaintiff has a remedy under Sec.
In Stepney v. Devereux Foundation, Superior Court, Judicial District of Litchfield, No. 065885 (July 17, 1995, Pickett, J.), this court addressed the issue of whether due to recent amendments to the Workers' Compensation Act a plaintiff could CT Page 10256 pursue common law remedies for mental or emotional impairments. The court specifically addressed Public Act 93-228, which amended the statutory definition of "person injury" or "injury" and presently is embodied in General Statutes Sec.
Section
31-275 (16)(B)(ii) clearly and unambiguously provides that a mental or emotional impairment that does not arise from a physical injury or occupational disease is not considered a physical injury or injury under the act. This section limits the act's coverage, which has previously been described as "necessarily broad in scope." Mingachos v. C.B.S., Inc., supra,196 Conn. 99 . Section31-275 (16)(B)(ii) also effectively overrules Crochiere v. Board of Education, supra,227 Conn. 333 , which held that "mental disorders, even if not accompanied by physical trauma to the body, constitute an injury under the [Workers' Compensation Act]." Id., 363. The amended definition provides that such an injury is not compensable or covered under the act. Therefore, a claim arising out of a mental or emotional impairment is not subject to the act's exclusivity provision since it does not arise "out of personal injury" as defined by the act. Sec.31-284 (a). Accordingly, an employee may bring a common-law tort action against his employer for a mental or emotional impairment arising out of and in the course of employment that does not arise from physical injury or occupational disease.At least one commentator noted this interpretation of Section
31-275 (16)(B)(ii) by stating that the act's amended definition of personal injury or injury "has opened the door to the real likelihood that mental-mental stress claims previously handled under [the Act] will now be resolved in the civil jury system." A. Sevarino, Connecticut Workers' Compensation After Reforms (1994), pp. 154-55. This interpretation of the effect of this amendment is both rational and in keeping with the remedial purpose of the statute. The Workers' Compensation Act compromises an employee's right to a common-law tort action for work related injuries in return for relatively CT Page 10257 quick and certain compensation. Mingachos v. C.B.S., Inc., supra,196 Conn. 97 . When an injury is expressly excluded from coverage under the act, the employee's right to pursue a common-law remedy for the injury is no longer compromised. The exclusivity provided by the workers' compensation statute is a quid pro quo, and a right of action should only be deemed taken away from an employee where something of value has been put in its place. 2 A. Larson, Larson's Workmen's Compensation (Desk Edition 1991), Sec. 65.10, pp. 12-1 —12-3 .The interpretation for which the defendant argues would bring about the anomalous result that the employee has compromised away his or her right to pursue a common-law remedy in return for no compensation under the act. The legislature, however, is presumed to have intended a just and rational result. Dos Santos v. F.D. Rich Construction, Inc., supra,
233 Conn. 21 . If an employee does not have a remedy under the workers' compensation statute for a mental or emotional impairment that does not arise from physical injury or occupational disease, it is only just and rational that the employee be permitted to pursue a remedy for such an impairment at common-law.
Stepney v. Devereux Foundation, supra. This rationale applies equally to the plaintiff's claims in this case alleging negligent and intentional infliction of emotional distress. Therefore, the defendants' motion to strike the fifth and sixth counts is denied.
False imprisonment is the unlawful restraint by one person CT Page 10258 of the physical liberty of another. Berry v. Loiseau,
The plaintiff has sufficiently alleged more than mere mental compulsion. The plaintiff alleges that she was restrained against her will by through the exercise of implied force. The actual use of force is not necessary to create liability for the false imprisonment; instead, the use of an implied threat of force may constitute an imprisonment. 32 Am.Jur.2d False Imprisonment Sec. 17. The plaintiff, however, must also show that she was aware or conscious of the confinement. D. Wright J. Fitzgerald, Connecticut Law of Torts (3d ed.) Sec. 12, p. 15; 32 Am.Jur.2d, supra, Sec. 11. The plaintiff has failed to allege that she was aware or conscious of the confinement. Thus, the defendants' motion to strike the seventh count is granted.
PICKETT, J.