DocketNumber: No. CV-95-553813-S
Citation Numbers: 1996 Conn. Super. Ct. 5261-AA, 17 Conn. L. Rptr. 399
Judges: SATTER, STATE JUDGE REFEREE.
Filed Date: 8/9/1996
Status: Non-Precedential
Modified Date: 4/18/2021
The specific motion before this court is for a temporary mandamus and a temporary injunction pending a full trial.
The defendants have responded by a motion to dismiss on the ground the case raises non-justiciable questions and therefore the court lacks subject matter jurisdiction. That motion must be decided first.
Public Act 95-257 directed the commissioner of mental health and addiction services to develop and implement a plan for the closure of programs at Fairfield Hills Hospital and Norwich Hospital and to consolidate their programs with those at Connecticut Valley Hospital (hereinafter CVH). The cost is projected at twenty million dollars. To expedite the work, the Act specifically exempted from the project compliance with statutes requiring design professional services (§
The essence of defendants' motion to dismiss is that plaintiff's action challenges the legislature's decision to consolidate and raises a political question that is not capable of being adjudicated by judicial power.
It is well-settled that certain political questions cannot be resolved by the courts without violating the constitutional principle of separation of powers. Nielsen v. Kezer,
Defendants argue that the legislature has already determined the matter of consolidation of mental health services at CVH, and by this court deciding the issues raised by this case, it would be in conflict with that legislative determination.
The argument lacks merit for two reasons. First, while PA 95-257 mandates consolidation, it leaves to the defendants wide discretion on how to implement consolidation. The compliance with environmental laws that plaintiff seeks do not run counter to the legislative directive. Compliance and consolidation are complementary, not contradictory.
Second, while PA 95-257 specifically exempts the requirements of certain statutes from implementing consolidation, it notably does not exempt the environmental laws. In fact the legislative history of the Act reveals the Senate passed a version of the Act (Senate Bill 1164) that exempted CEPA in order to fast track the consolidation program. The House, however, amended the bill to remove the CEPA exemption and that amended bill became PA 95-257. Thus, the legislature clearly intended that consolidation would be achieved by complying with environmental laws.
The defendant's motion to dismiss is, therefore, denied. CT Page 5261-CC
Turning then to the motion for temporary injunction and mandamus, the court notes that the granting of a temporary injunction requires a showing of (1) irreparable harm, (2) inadequate remedy of law, (3) reasonable probability of success on the merits, and (4) balancing of the equities in favor of granting the motion. Waterbury Teachers Assn. v. Freedom ofInformation Commission,
The granting of a temporary order of mandamus requires proof that (1) plaintiff has a clear right to the performance of a duty by the defendant, (2) defendant has no discretion as to the performance of that duty, and (3) plaintiff has no adequate remedy at law. Vartuli v. Sotire,
CEPA requires at §
Section
Section
Section
Section
CEPA regulations state:
"An environmental impact evaluation shall be prepared as close as possible to the time an agency proposes an action. The evaluation shall be prepared early enough so that it can practically serve as an important contribution to the decision making process and shall not be used to rationalize or justify decisions already made." Conn. Agencies Regs. §
22a-1a-7 (b).
The regulations define "action" which may significantly affect the environment, within the meaning of §
The facts are as follows: During the hearing of this case the patients from Norwich and Fairfield Hills were being moved to CVH and a fair inference is that move has been completed. The result is to increase CVH patient population from 316 to 615 and its staff from 850 to about 1300. In anticipation of consolidation, Gerald Mullaney, chief executive officer of CVH had prepared a CT Page 5261-EE building disposition plan that designates buildings to be demolished and to be renovated. The plan has been approved by CVH in concept but awaits an engineering study as to feasibility. The building known as Merritt Hall is presently undergoing extensive renovation and when completed its patient population will increase from 160 to 200.
Some of the buildings designated to be demolished were in disrepair long before PA 95-257 was enacted and their demolition has nothing to do with consolidation. Other buildings designated to be renovated are essential to consolidation.
CVH has been conducting regularly meetings with architects and contractors relating to construction work to be done on the CVH campus. CVH has also had prepared a site plan that depicts substantial changes in roadways and parking. However, it is only a concept, is still being studied by a consulting firm and has not been approved nor have the changes contemplated been contracted for or funded.
The entire campus is designated as an Historic District in the National Register of Historic Places. CVH is consulting with the State Historical Commission about the demolition of historical buildings on campus.
The CVH sanitary sewer system needs repair and a consulting firm is assessing the necessity and the consequence of tying into the Middletown system. However, the present CVH sewage facilities are adequate to handle consolidation. The sewer issue is before the department of environmental protection and not related to consolidation.
Surface water from CVH flows over Middletown wellfields that provide drinking water for Middletown residents. The wellfield is a series of wells linked together and drilled into a water-bearing rock formation known as an aquifer. Demolition of buildings and reconstruction of roads on CVH campus could affect the quality of Middletown drinking water.
The plaintiff introduced evidence to attempt to show consolidation would have an impact on the area traffic and air quality but this court found that evidence unbelievable.
The evidence as to the social-economic consequences of consolidation on Middletown was credible. That evidence revealed CT Page 5261-FF that concentrating all state mental patients at CVH is likely to add to the homeless and drug-addicted population of Middletown, increase the town's general assistance and special education costs, require of it additional social services, and have an adverse impact on the downtown business district.
The defendants have undertaken no environmental assessment in connection with consolidation.
Our Supreme Court has clearly stated, "Our [environmental policy] statute is not cast in terms of administrative discretion, but speaks in mandatory terms." ManchesterEnvironmental Coalition v. Stockton,
The procedure under CEPA is first for an agency to undertake an environmental assessment of a contemplated project. It may, as a result of that assessment, make a finding of no significant environment impact. That finding, pursuant to §§
Under the facts of this case, an environmental assessment was not required at the single point a reconfiguration of the campus was at the conceptual stage, or when a predesign study of road work was contracted for, or when the interior of a single building was being renovated, or when a consultant was hired to advise on demolition of buildings. The court "must take a `common sense' approach" to the necessity for such an assessment. EasternConnecticut Citizens Action Group v. Dole,
However, when these individual activities are part of a sequence of planned activities proposed to implement consolidation, and when ongoing building renovations, contemplated road changes and demolition of historic and other buildings, and increased patient and staff population are so likely to have environmental and social and economic consequence, then an environmental assessment is called for. The time to do is "as close as possible to the time an agency proposes an action." Conn. Agencies Regs. §
The CEPA regulations provide that preparation of environmental assessment or evaluation "shall not prevent an agency from conducting engineering, economic, feasibility and other studies which do not otherwise commit the agency to commence or engage in such action or limit the choice of reasonable alternatives." Conn. Agencies Regs. §
Based on the foregoing analysis, this court issues a temporary mandamus ordering the defendants to comply with CEPA by making an environmental assessment of the consolidation project and if it finds significant environmental impact, by making an environmental impact evaluation of that project. The court further issues a temporary injunction for the defendants to cease and desist from engaging in any further consolidation activities until it has made the assessment and/or evaluation, other than the studies permitted by Conn. Agencies Regs. §
Robert Satter State Judge Referee