Maggio v. Wisconsin Avenue Psychiatric Center, Inc.

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
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MATTHEW MAGGIO, )
)
Plaintiff )
)
v. ) Civil No. 1:13-CV-01255 (RCL)
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WISCONSIN AVENUE PSYCHIATRIC )
CENTER, INC., )
)
Defendant. )
)
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before the Court is the defendant’s motion to dismiss, or alternatively, the defendant’s
motion for summary judgment on plaintiff’s Matthew Maggio’s compliant brought pursuant to
the D.C. Human Rights Act (DCHRA), Title VII 42 U.S.C. § 2000, and the Equal Pay Act
(EPA), 29 U.S.C. § 206(d). Maggio filed a complaint alleging sex discrimination, retaliation,
and a claim under the Equal Pay Act. For the reasons stated below, defendant’s motion to
dismiss will be GRANTED.
I. BACKGROUND
The relevant facts are as follows: Matthew Maggio, a male, worked at the Psychiatric
Institute of Washington (“PIW”) from July 20, 2009 until December 23, 2011 when PIW
terminated his employment for allegedly lacking a valid license. PIW hired Maggio as a
Counselor making $38,000 per annum. In October or November 2009, PIW promoted Maggio
to the position of Teacher and increased his salary to $42,000 per annum. In January 2010, PIW
promoted Maggio to the role of School Director, bringing up his salary to $52,000 per annum.
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In order to be certified as a Teacher, a candidate must apply for a substitute teaching
license from the District of Columbia Office of the State Superintendent of Education (“OSSE”).
At the time of Maggio’s promotion to Teacher, Maggio did not have his teaching license.
Maggio applied for a teaching license, and claims to have had complications with his application
in early September 2009. Maggio alleges that he visited OSSE in November or December 2009
at which point he obtained his teaching license, which OSSE backdated to September 21, 2009;
it was valid for two years. Additionally, as a requirement for direct patient contact, Directors
must obtain a Critical Crisis Management (“CCM”) license. Maggio obtained this license during
his orientation on July 20, 2009 from PIW, and renewed it yearly.
On August 24, 2011, Maggio alleges that he engaged in protected activity by filing a
complaint with PIW Human Resources, citing a hostile work environment due to Carol Dejunes,
Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of PIW, and Maggio’s primary supervisor.
On December 22 and 23, 2011, PIW was audited by the Joint Commission on
Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (“JCAHO”). During the audit, JCAHO discovered
that some PIW Directors were not current on their licenses. Maggio was terminated on
December 22, 2011 by PIW, allegedly due to a lack of documentation provided to the PIW
Human Resources Department by Maggio proving that he started the application process to
renew his license. Maggio alleges that he provided a letter and information to Randy Keller,
Director of PIW Human Resources, in August and September 2011 stating that he had applied
for his teaching license renewal with OSSE and that there was a delay in the renewal due to
Maggio not submitting his fingerprints with his initial renewal application.
Maggio first filed a charge of discrimination with the D.C. Office of Human Rights
(“DCOHR”) on May 11, 2012 and cross filed a copy of the charge with the Equal Employment
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Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”). Several months later on November 26, 2012 the EEOC
mailed a Notice to Sue by regular U.S. mail to Maggio’s permanent address on file: 3032
Rodman Street N.W., Apartment 35, Washington, D.C. 20008. Unbeknownst to the EEOC,
Maggio claims he vacated that residence on April 1, 2012, and then resided at 809 Windemere
Court, Conway, South Carolina from April 2, 2012 to the present. Maggio stated in his
Amended Complaint that he moved to South Carolina to be with his family and his mother, as
she was ill. As a result, Maggio claims that he never received the Notice to Sue sent by U.S.
regular mail on November 26, 2012. At this time, a copy of the Notice to Sue was not sent to
Maggio’s counsel.
On June 4, 2013, Maggio’s counsel telephoned the EEOC to request a Notice to Sue.
The EECO instructed Maggio’s counsel to send a written request via facsimile, which counsel
satisfied that same day. On June 14, 2013, Maggio’s counsel again telephoned the EEOC to
check on the status of the Notice to Sue. David Gonzalez, the State and Local Coordinator of the
Washington, DC EEOC field office, sent counsel an email on June 17, 2013 requesting a formal
letter of representation. Upon receipt of the letter, Gonzalez emailed Maggio’s counsel the
Notice to Sue on June 17, 2013. Gonzalez informed counsel that the EEOC did not have
Maggio’s current address on file as they were unaware of Maggio’s move, they were unaware of
his representation by counsel, and he “regret[ed] any inconvenience.” Exhibit 1, Pl. Opp. to Def.
Motion, Doc. [5].
Five days later on June 21, 2013, Maggio filed his complaint with the D.C. Superior
Court. Maggio’s initial Complaint sought relief under the District of Columbia Human Rights
Act (“DCHRA”) for alleged sex discrimination, wage discrimination based on sex, and
retaliation arising from Maggio’s employment and termination by defendant. Maggio filed an
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Amended Complaint on August 5, 2013, which omits any claim under the DCHRA and instead
seeks relief under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2000(e), et seq., (“Title
VII”) for alleged sex discrimination and retaliation, and seeks relief under the Equal Pay Act, 29
U.S.C. § 216(b). Maggio had to refile the Amended Complaint on August 8, 2013 to correct the
name of the corporate defendant. In response to the initial Complaint, defendant, PIW, filed its
Motion to Dismiss, or in the Alternative, Motion for Summary Judgment based on Maggio’s
failure to timely file his claims.
II. DISCUSSION
A. Motion to Dismiss
1. Counts I and III are Time-Barred and Untimely
“Title VII requires that a person complaining of a violation file an administrative charge
with the EEOC and allow the agency time to act on the charge.” Park v. Howard University, 71
F.3d 904, 907 (D.C. Cir. 1995). Once the EEOC notifies the complainant of its decision to
dismiss the charge or its inability to bring a civil action within the requisite 90-day time period,
then the complainant can bring a civil action himself. Id.; 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f)(1). The
statutory 90-day window for the commencement of an employment discrimination suit following
the receipt of a notice-to-sue from the EEOC is strictly construed and is a precondition to filing
suit in district court. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f)(1); Baldwin County Welcome Ctr. v. Brown, 466
U.S. 147, 149-50 (1984). “The rule is well settled that proof that a letter properly directed was
placed in a post office creates a presumption that it reached its destination in usual time and was
actually received by the person to whom it was addressed.” Hagner v. United States, 285 U.S.
427, 430 (1932) (citing Rosenthal v. Walker, 111 U.S. 185, 193 (1884)). Thus the mailbox rule
functions as a presumption of receipt, and only comes into play when there is a material question
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as to whether the document was actually received. Custer v. Murphy Oil USA, Inc., 503 F.3d
415, 419 (5th Cir. 2007). Both sides in this case agree that the EEOC sent a Notice to Sue letter
to Maggio at his DC address on November 26, 2012. While there is no evidence that the EEOC
sent the letter to Maggio through certified mail, there seems to be sufficient—as it is
undisputed—evidence that the letter was, in fact, mailed. Here, the issue was that Maggio no
longer lived at the permanent address that he provided to the EEOC. In this vein, Maggio argues
for equitable tolling.
Equitable tolling is reserved for rare circumstances where it would be unconscionable to
enforce the limitations period because of events beyond the plaintiff’s control or through no fault
of his own. Lewis v. Conners Steel Co., 673 F.2d 1240, 1243 (11th Cir. 1982). This is not the
case at hand. While the Court understands that family obligations arise, Maggio was aware that
he had an action pending with the EEOC. Further, he had a statutory obligation requiring him to
notify the EEOC of any change in address: “The person claiming to be aggrieved has the
responsibility to provide the Commission with notice of any change in address and with notice of
any prolonged absence from that current address so that he or she can be located when necessary
during the Commission's consideration of the charge.” 29 C.F.R. § 1601.7(b).
Here, Maggio failed to comply with the EEOC regulation and failed to exercise diligence
in this matter. The Court takes notice of the fact that Maggio’s counsel was listed on the form
cross filed with the DCOHR and the EEOC, but at no time did Maggio direct these agencies to
solely communicate—or even dually communicate—with his counsel. Hill v. John Chezik
Imports, 869 F.2d 1122, 1124 (8th Cir. 1989); Coleman v. Talbot County Detention Ctr., 242
Fed. Appx. 72, 73 (4th Cir. 2007); Ryczek v. Guest Serv., Inc., 877 F. Supp. 754 (D.D.C. 1995).
Simply listing counsel on a form did not excuse Maggio’s statutory obligation and his failure to
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exercise diligence in a matter that he brought before the agencies. As such, equitable tolling is
not appropriate in this case, and Counts I and III are dismissed for lack of timeliness.
2. Retaliation – Failure to Exhaust Administrative Remedies
“A Title VII lawsuit following the EEOC charge is limited in scope to claims that are
‘like or reasonably related to the allegations of the charge and growing out of such allegations.’”
Park, 71 F.3d at 907 (quoting Cheek v. Western and Southern Life Ins. Co., 31 F.3d 497, 500
(7th Cir. 1994)). “At a minimum, the Title VII claims must arise from ‘the administrative
investigation that can reasonably be expected to follow the charge of discrimination,’” even if
only an EEOC-issued right-to-sue letter in fact follows the charge in place of an investigation.
Park, 71 F.3d at 907 (quoting Chisholm v. U.S. Postal Serv., 665 F.2d 482, 491 (4th Cir. 1981)
(emphasis added)). By insisting on the administrative charge requirement, courts ensure that a
charged party has notice of the claim and that narrow issues come before the court for
adjudication and decision. Id. Courts should not construe this requirement to place a “heavy
technical burden on individuals untrained in negotiating procedural labyrinths;” however, liberal
interpretation of an administrative charge cannot allow a litigant to bypass the Title VII
administrative process. Id. (quoting Loe v. Heckler, 768 F.2d 409, 417 (D.C. Cir. 1985)
(quotations omitted)).
Maggio does not dispute that Title VII complainants must exhaust administrative
remedies before filing their claims in court; however, Maggio argues that his retaliation claim is
like or related to his discrimination charge. Pl. Opp. to Def. Motion, Doc. [5], 13. Similar to the
situation in Park where the plaintiff failed to mention the words or offer factual allegations that
would express or even hint of the later claim, however, Maggio’s Charge failed to mention the
word “retaliation” or set forth facts to support such a claim in the administrative phase of his
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Charge. Park, 71 F.3d at 907. In fact, Maggio did not even check the box for “retaliation” on
the EEOC form when he filed the Charge, which would have provided PIW with notice of the
allegation. Exhibit 4, SOMF ¶ 5, Def. Motion, Doc. [1-2]. “[T]he goals behind the requirement
of prior resort to administrative relief would be frustrated if the filing of a general charge with
the EEOC would open up the possibility of judicial challenges to any related conduct that took
place in connection with the employment relationship.” Rush v. McDonald’s Corp., 96 F.2d
1104, 1110 (7th Cir. 1992). Thus, Maggio’s retaliation claim is dismissed with prejudice and
barred due to his failure to exhaust his administrative remedies for such a claim at the EEOC.
3. Count II of Plaintiff’s First Amended Complaint is Dismissed
Defendant alleges that Maggio’s claim under the Equal Pay Act, Count II of Plaintiff’s
First Amended Complaint, should be dismissed as there is no cause of action under the EPA.
Def. Reply to Pl. Opp., Doc. [6], 12. Maggio conceded no cause of action exists under the EPA,
and as such, Count II of Plaintiff’s First Amended Complaint is dismissed with prejudice. Pl.
Opp. to Def. Motion, Doc. [5], 6.
For these reasons, the Court holds that Maggio failed to timely file his suit in court and
all claims in Maggio’s Amended Complaint are dismissed with prejudice. As such, Maggio’s
requested relief is denied, and defendant’s motion to dismiss is granted.
A separate Order consistent with this Memorandum Opinion shall issue this date.
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