Saunders v. Mills

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
)
KARLA SAUNDERS, )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
v. ) Civil Action No. 11-486 (RMC)
)
KAREN G. MILLS, Administrator, )
Small Business Administration, )
)
Defendant. )
)
OPINION
This case arises from the grueling relationship between Karla Saunders and her
former employer, the Small Business Administration (SBA). After five amended complaints,
Ms. Saunders now alleges that she was discriminated against on the basis of her race (African
American) and sex (female) and retaliated against for protected Equal Employment Opportunity
(EEO) activity in violation of Title VII. Ms. Saunders sues Karen Mills in her official capacity
as the Administrator of SBA.
SBA has filed a Motion to Dismiss or, in the alternative, for Summary Judgment.
Mot. for Summ. J. [Dkt. 64] (MSJ). 1 Ms. Saunders filed a timely opposition, to which SBA
replied. Ms. Saunders conceded and waived several of her discrimination and retaliation claims.
1SBA filed its motion on July 29, 2015, see Dkt. No. 62. On August 4, 2015, it filed an Errata
Sheet with a new memorandum in support of the motion and a list of exhibits, see Dkt. 64. Ms.
Saunders did not oppose SBA’s second set of pleadings. Therefore, the Court will consider the
SBA’s August 4 materials. The Court also notes that Ms. Saunders also filed an Errata Sheet
with her opposition and supporting documents on November 5, 2015, which the SBA did not
oppose. See Opp’n [Dkt. 70].
1
However, as it remains, this case is replete with genuine issues of material fact that preclude
summary judgment except in part. For the reasons that follow, the Court will grant in part and
deny in part Defendant’s Motion.
I. FACTS
Ms. Saunders is a black female who used to work at SBA. In 2005, she was
selected for the position of Chief of the Training and Benefits Division (later named Training
and Development Division (TDD)) in SBA’s Office of Human Capital Management (OHCM).
As Training Chief of the Division, Ms. Saunders held a position at a GS-14 level. She was
selected and supervised by Richard Brechbiel, the Chief Human Capital Officer (CHCO) at
SBA. After one month as Training Chief, Mr. Brechbiel promoted Ms. Saunders to the GS-15
level. In addition to Mr. Brechbiel, Ms. Saunders’s second line supervisor was Darryl Hairston.
In 2006-2007, Ms. Saunders joined two other employees in complaining to SBA’s
Administrator about systemic discrimination and retaliation at the agency. After an independent
investigation of these complaints, Mr. Brechbiel was transferred to a different position. On
November 2, 2007, Napoleon Avery became Acting CHCO and, thus, Ms. Saunders’s new
supervisor. Mr. Avery became the new CHCO in January 2008. In the same month, Annie
Spiczak assumed the position of Deputy CHCO, Molly Wilkerson became the new Chief of Staff
to the Administrator, and Robert Danbeck joined SBA as Associate Administrator for
Management & Administration. Soon after these personnel changes, Ms. Saunders was detailed
to the Department of Labor (DOL) from February 11, 2008 to July 30, 2008 and to SBA’s Office
of Entrepreneurial Development (OED) from August 11, 2008 to April 4, 2009.
After her detail at OED, Ms. Saunders did not return as Training Chief because
Dionne Martin had assumed the position of Training Chief during her details. Instead, Ms.
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Saunders was reassigned to SBA’s Office of Faith Based and Community Initiatives (OFBCI) as
a Senior Advisor. Ms. Saunders claims that her reassignment to the OFBCI was both
discriminatory and retaliatory. She started her job at the OFBCI on May 24, 2009 and worked
there for one year. In June 2009, Ms. Martin ended her detail as Training Chief. SBA quickly
issued a vacancy announcement for the position. While she was Senior Advisor at the OFBCI,
Ms. Saunders applied to her former position as Training Chief, but was not interviewed.
On June 1, 2010, the Office of Special Counsel (OSC) reached an agreement with
SBA to return Ms. Saunders to her original position as Training Chief. Kevin Mahoney became
her direct supervisor at TDD. Thereafter, Ms. Saunders asserts that SBA committed a series of
discriminatory and retaliatory acts against her. For example, she alleges that SBA removed her
subordinates, frustrated her attempts to fill vacancies, reduced her responsibilities and duties,
failed to give her any performance standards, failed to give her quality step increases and formal
written performance appraisals, assigned her to ridiculous and useless tasks, and reorganized the
division to make her job more difficult. She also claims that she was the subject of unfair
disciplinary actions, as well as low performance ratings that resulted in economic harm.
On June 26, 2014, SBA removed Ms. Saunders from her position. OSC once
again intervened and she was reinstated. On September 3, 2014, Ms. Saunders retired from
SBA, claiming she was constructively terminated because SBA made her working conditions
intolerable and she was no longer willing to withstand the incessant discrimination and
retaliation.
Ms. Saunders filed this lawsuit on March 7, 2011. Since then, Ms. Saunders has
amended her complaint several times to add allegations of discrimination and retaliation during
her employment at SBA. On February 8, 2012, this Court granted in part and denied in part
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SBA’s first Motion to Dismiss. See Order [Dkt. 20]. The Court dismissed several claims,
including those regarding Ms. Saunders’s details to DOL and OED and her hostile work
environment claim. On February 3, 2015, Ms. Saunders filed her Fifth Amended Complaint to
include new allegations –– specifically, her constructive discharge from SBA in September 2014.
See Compl. [Dkt. 57].
II. LEGAL STANDARDS
A. Standard of Review
A motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 12(b)(6) challenges the adequacy of a complaint on its face. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6).
A complaint must be sufficient “to give a defendant fair notice of what the . . . claim is and the
grounds upon which it rests.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007) (internal
citations omitted). Although a complaint does not need detailed factual allegations, a plaintiff=s
obligation to provide the grounds of his entitlement to relief “requires more than labels and
conclusions, and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do.” Id. A
court must treat the complaint=s factual allegations as true, “even if doubtful in fact,” id., but a
court need not accept as true legal conclusions set forth in a complaint, see Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556
U.S. 662, 678 (2009). To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient
factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim for relief that is “plausible on its face.”
Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570. A complaint must allege sufficient facts that would allow the court
“to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Iqbal,
556 U.S. at 678-79.
In deciding a motion under Rule 12(b)(6), a court may consider the facts alleged
in the complaint, documents attached to the complaint as exhibits or incorporated by reference,
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and matters about which the court may take judicial notice. Abhe & Svoboda, Inc. v. Chao, 508
F.3d 1052, 1059 (D.C. Cir. 2007). If, in considering a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, “matters outside the
pleading are presented to and not excluded by the court, the motion shall be treated as one for
summary judgment and disposed of as provided in Rule 56[.]” Holy Land Found. For Relief &
Dev. v. Ashcroft, 333 F.3d 156, 165 (D.C. Cir. 2003).
Under Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, summary judgment shall
be granted “if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the
movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a); accord Anderson v.
Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247 (1986). Moreover, summary judgment is properly
granted against a party who “after adequate time for discovery and upon motion . . . fails to make
a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party’s case, and on
which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317,
322 (1986). In ruling on a motion for summary judgment, the court must draw all justifiable
inferences in the nonmoving party’s favor and accept the nonmoving party’s evidence as true.
Anderson, 477 U.S. at 255. A nonmoving party, however, must establish more than “the mere
existence of a scintilla of evidence” in support of its position. Id. at 252. In addition, the
nonmoving party may not rely solely on allegations or conclusory statements. Greene v. Dalton,
164 F.3d 671, 675 (D.C. Cir. 1999). Rather, the nonmoving party must present specific facts that
would enable a reasonable jury to find in its favor. Id. at 675. If the evidence “is merely
colorable, or is not significantly probative, summary judgment may be granted.” Anderson, 477
U.S. at 249-50 (citations omitted).
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B. Discrimination under Title VII
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended by the Equal Employment
Opportunity Act of 1972, prohibits status-based discrimination in federal and D.C. workplaces.
42 U.S.C., § 2006; see also Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972, Pub. L. 92-261, sec.
10, § 715, 86 Stat. 103, 111, codified as amended at 41 U.S.C. § 2000e-16 (extending Title VII
to the federal government and the District of Columbia). It generally prohibits a federal
employer or District of Columbia from making any “personnel decision[]” based on an
employee’s race, color, sex, religion or nationality. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16; Baird v.
Gotbaum, 792 F.3d 166, 168 (D.C. Cir. 2015). The “two essential elements of a discrimination
claim” under Title VII are “that [1] the plaintiff suffered an adverse employment action
[2] because of the plaintiff’s race, color, religion, sex, [or] national origin.” Baloch v.
Kempthorne, 550 F.3d 1191, 1196 (D.C. Cir. 2008) (collecting cases).
The first element, an “adverse employment action,” is an established legal term.
See generally Douglas v. Donovan, 559 F.3d 549, 551-52 (D.C. Cir. 2009); Ginger v. Dist. of
Columbia, 527 F.3d 1340, 1343 (D.C. Cir. 2008). It means “a significant change in employment
status, such as hiring, firing, failing to promote, reassignment with significantly different
responsibilities, or a decision causing significant change in benefits.” Taylor v. Small, 350 F.3d
1286, 1293 (D.C. Cir. 2003) (quoting Burlington Indus., Inc. v. Ellerth, 524 U.S. 742, 761
(1998)). An employee must “experience[] materially adverse consequences affecting the terms,
conditions, or privileges of employment or future employment opportunities such that a
reasonable trier of fact could find objectively tangible harm.” Forkkio v. Powell, 306 F.3d 1127,
1131 (D.C. Cir. 2002); see also Holcomb v. Powell, 433 F.3d 889, 902 (D.C. Cir. 2006)
(distinguishing between non actionable “purely subjective injuries” and actionable “objectively
6
tangible harm”). An actionable adverse action “in most cases inflicts direct economic harm.”
Burlington Indus., 524 U.S. at 762. Thus, “not everything that makes an employee unhappy is an
actionable adverse action.” Russell v. Principi, 257 F.3d 815, 818 (D.C. Cir. 2001).
To satisfy the second element, a plaintiff can claim that the “adverse employment
action” violated Title VII on either of two grounds. First, she can claim that it was perpetrated
“because of” her race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a). Second,
she can claim that any of those qualities “was a motivating factor for [the] employment practice,
even though other factors also motivated the practice.” Id. § 2000e-2(m). 2 The first is known as
a “single-motive” or “pretext” theory of discrimination, and the second is known as a “mixed-
motive” theory. 3 See generally Fogg v. Gonzales, 492 F.3d 447, 451 (D.C. Cir. 2007).
If a plaintiff can summon direct evidence of discriminatory intent under either
theory, such evidence will “generally entitle [the] plaintiff to a jury trial” and defeat a
defendant’s motion for summary judgment. See Ayissi-Etoh v. Fannie Mae, 712 F.3d 572, 576
(D.C. Cir. 2013) (per curiam) (quoting Vatel v. Alliance of Auto. Mfrs., 627 F.3d 1245, 1247
2Section 2000e-2(m) was added by the Civil Rights Act of 1991, Pub. L. 102-166, § 107(a), 105
Stat. 1071, 1075.
3 Under a mixed-motive theory, a plaintiff can establish an unlawful employment practice by
showing that “discrimination or retaliation played a ‘motivating part’ or was a ‘substantial
factor’ in the employment decision . . . without proving that an impermissible consideration was
the sole or but-for motive for the employment action.” Fogg v. Gonzales, 492 F.3d 447, 451
(D.C. Cir. 2007) (quoting Porter v. Natsios, 414 F.3d 13, 18, 19 (D.C. Cir. 2005)). In a mixed-
motive case, the defendant may offer a “limited affirmative defense” that it “would have taken
the same action in the absence of the impermissible motivating factor.” Porter, 414 F.3d at 19
(citing 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(g)(2)(B)). If so, the court “shall not award damages or issue an
order requiring any . . . reinstatement, hiring, promotion, or payment.” 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-
5(g)(2)(B)(ii). A plaintiff who is successful in a mixed-motive case to which the employer has
presented a limited affirmative defense, can only obtain injunctive relief, declaratory relief, and
attorney’s fees and costs. Id. § 2000e-5(g)(2)(B)(i).
7
(D.C. Cir. 2011)). 4 Indeed, “if a plaintiff is able to produce direct evidence of discrimination, he
may prevail without proving all the elements of a prima facie case.” Swierkiewicz v. Sorema N.
A., 534 U.S. 506, 511 (2002) (citing Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Thurston, 469 U.S. 111, 121
(1985)). But if the plaintiff can only adduce circumstantial evidence of discrimination, i.e., a
prima facie case only, courts apply the burden-shifting framework set forth in McDonnell
Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 802 (1973).
The McDonnell Douglas framework applies as follows. The plaintiff must first
make a prima facie case (1) that she is a member of a protected class; (2) that she suffered an
adverse employment action; and (3) that the unfavorable action gives rise to an inference of
discrimination. Youssef v. F.B.I., 687 F.3d 397, 401-02 (D.C. Cir. 2012); Stella v. Mineta, 284
F.3d 135, 145 (D.C. Cir. 2002); Brown v. Brody, 199 F.3d 446, 452 (D.C. Cir. 1999). The
burden then shifts to the defendant, which must “articulate some legitimate, nondiscriminatory
reason” for its action. See Tex. Dep’t of Cmty. Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 253 (1981). If it
does, then the plaintiff must show by a preponderance of the evidence that the reason advanced
by the employer was merely a pretext to hide discrimination. Id. 5
4 Entitlement to a jury trial can arise from the evidence itself. Ayissi-Etoh, 712 F.3d at 576-77
(“[W]hen the issue comes down to a credibility contest of this kind, we cannot resolve the
dispute at the summary judgment stage against the non-moving party. [The] statement alone is
direct evidence that in this case entitles [plaintiff] to a jury trial.”).
5 The D.C. Circuit has recently expounded upon the “multiple ways in which circumstantial
evidence may support an inference that an employer’s stated reason for a challenged
employment action was not the actual reason,” and that the real reason was prohibited
discrimination or retaliation:
The temporal proximity of an adverse action close on the heels of
protected activity is a common and highly probative type of
circumstantial evidence of retaliation. See Hamilton [v. Geithner],
666 F.3d [1344,] 1357–59 [(D.C. Cir. 2012)]. Other common ways
8
On a motion for summary judgment, once an employer articulates a legitimate,
non-discriminatory reason for its action(s), the plaintiff’s prima facie case is only relevant in the
context of the evidence as a whole. Brady v. Office of Sergeant at Arms, 520 F.3d 490, 494
(D.C. Cir. 2008). “[I]n considering an employer’s motion for summary judgment or judgment as
a matter of law in those circumstances, the district court must resolve one central question: Has
the employee produced sufficient evidence for a reasonable jury to find that the employer’s
asserted non-discriminatory reason was not the actual reason and that the employer intentionally
discriminated against the employee on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?”
Id. (citing St. Mary’s Honor Ctr. v. Hicks, 509 U.S. 502, 507-08, 511 (1993); U.S. Postal Serv.
Bd. of Governors v. Aikens, 460 U.S. 711, 714-16 (1983)).
C. Retaliation under Title VII
Evidence of retaliation may be direct or circumstantial. To establish a retaliation
claim, a plaintiff must demonstrate that: (1) she was engaged in a protected activity; (2) the
of proving invidious motive—whether retaliation or
discrimination—include evidence that the employer treated other,
similarly situated employees better; that the employer is “lying
about the underlying facts” of its decision; that there were “changes
and inconsistencies” in the employer's given reasons for the
decision; that the employer failed to “follow established procedures
or criteria”; or that the employer's “general treatment of minority
employees” (or, in the retaliation context, employees who asserted
their Title VII rights) was worse than its treatment of non-minorit ies
(or employees who did not assert their Title VII rights). Brady [v.
Office of Sergeant at Arms], 520 F.3d [490,] 495 & n. 3 [(D.C. Cir.
2008)]. Invidious motive may also be inferred from “‘an error too
obvious to be unintentional.’” Grosdidier v. Broad. Bd. of
Governors, 709 F.3d 19, 26 (D.C. Cir. 2013) (quoting Fischbach v.
D.C. Dep't of Corr., 86 F.3d 1180, 1183 (D.C. Cir. 1996)).
Allen v. Johnson, 795 F.3d 34, 40 (D.C. Cir. 2015).
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employer took a materially adverse employment action; and (3) there is a causal connection
between the protected activity and the materially adverse action. Brown v. Paulson, 597 F. Supp.
2d 67, 73 (D.D.C. 2009) (citing Burlington N. & Santa Fe Ry. Co. v. White, 548 U.S. 53, 68
(2006)). Before a factfinder can infer causation, there must be evidence that the employer was
aware of the protected activity. See Holcomb, 433 F.3d at 901-02.
Importantly, retaliatory conduct need not reach the same level of adversity as
discriminatory conduct. See generally Mogenhan v. Napolitano, 613 F.3d 1162, 1165-66 (D.C.
Cir. 2010). In other words, “Title VII’s substantive [discrimination] provision and its anti-
retaliation provision are not coterminous” because the “scope of the anti-retaliation provision
extends beyond workplace-related or employment-related retaliatory acts and harm.” Steele v.
Schafer, 535 F.3d 689, 695 (quoting Burlington N., 548 U.S. at 67). Instead of only “affecting
the terms, conditions, or privileges of employment,” as must a discriminatory adverse action,
retaliatory conduct need only “dissuade[] a reasonable worker from making or supporting a
charge of discrimination.” Mogenhan, 613 F.3d at 1166 (quoting Burlington N., 548 U.S. at 68).
Nonetheless, this material adversity requires “more than ‘those petty slights or minor annoyances
that often take place at work and that all employees experience.’” Bridgeforth v. Jewell, 721
F.3d 661, 663 (D.C. Cir. 2013) (quoting Burlington N., 548 U.S. at 68).
Retaliation also differs from discrimination in its causation: retaliation claims
must be proved according to traditional principles of but-for causation. Univ. of Tex. SW Med.
Ctr. v. Nassar, 133 S. Ct. 2517, 2534 (2013) (“[A] plaintiff making a retaliation claim under
§ 2000e-3(a) must establish that his or her protected activity was a but-for cause of the alleged
adverse action by the employer.”). Thus, there is no “mixed motive” retaliation. Cf. EEOC v.
Abercrombie & Fitch Stores, Inc., 135 S. Ct. 2028, 2032 (2015) (contrasting Nassar’s but-for
10
standard in retaliation cases with the more “relaxe[d]” standard in Title VII’s mixed-motive
discrimination provision, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(m)).
Finally, retaliation claims based only on circumstantial evidence are subject to the
same burden-shifting framework of McDonnell Douglas, as outlined above. See Allen, 795 F.3d
at 39.
III. ANALYSIS
A. Reassignment to OFCBI
Ms. Saunders alleges that she was discriminated and retaliated against when she
was reassigned on May 24, 2009 from her official position as Chief of the TDD to the position of
Senior Advisor in OFBCI. Compl. ¶ 156(a). With respect to her discrimination claim,
Defendant argues that Ms. Saunders cannot establish that: (1) she was treated differently from a
similarly situated employee outside her protected classes (i.e., gender and race); and (2) SBA
articulated legitimate non-discriminatory reasons that do not constitute pretext for
discrimination.
As to the first argument, Defendant only states, “Plaintiff has no evidence of
another manager in OCHM within the same grade level and having similar responsibilities
whose employees made numerous complaints to upper management about the manager and
requested transfers or left the Agency.” MSJ at 15. There may be only one human being who
could fit that narrow and detailed description –– Ms. Saunders herself. The similarly-situated
analysis does not require evidence of a virtually identical employee who was treated more
favorably. The purpose of this requirement “is to ‘provide plaintiffs the ‘boost’ that the
McDonnell Douglas framework intended.’” Coleman v. Donahoe, 667 F.3d 835, 852 (7th Cir.
2012) (quoting Humphries v. CBOCS W., Inc., 474 F.3d 387, 406 (7th Cir. 2007), aff'd, 553 U.S.
11442 (2008)) (other citation omitted). If this Court were to agree with Defendant’s comparator, it
would “transform this evidentiary ‘boost’ into an insurmountable hurdle.” Id.Moreover, the D.C. Circuit has warned district courts against focusing too much
on the employee’s burden to make out a prima facie case at the summary judgment stage. In
Brady v. Office of Sergeant at Arms, the Circuit noted that the district court’s “focus on the prima
facie case [under McDonnell Douglas] was not atypical” because “district courts often wrestle
with th[is] question” when deciding an employer’s motion for summary judgment or judgment as
a matter of law in Title VII cases. 520 F.3d at 493. The D.C. Circuit stated that this “judicial
inquiry into the prima facie case is usually misplaced” because “[i]n the years since McDonnell
Douglas, the Supreme Court’s decisions have clarified that the question whether the employee
made out a prima facie case is almost always irrelevant.” Id. “[O]nce the employer asserts a
legitimate, non-discriminatory reason, the question whether the employee actually made out a
prima facie case is ‘no longer relevant’ and thus ‘disappear[s]’ and ‘drops out of the picture.’”
Id. at 493-94 (quoting St. Mary’s Honor Ctr. v. Hicks, 509 U.S. 502, 510, 511 (1993); Reeves v.
Sanderson Plumbing Prods., Inc., 530 U.S. 133, 143 (2000)).
Relying on U.S. Postal Serv. Bd. of Governors v. Aikens, 460 U.S. 711, 715
(1983), the D.C. Circuit has also instructed that “the prima facie case is a largely unnecessary
sideshow” that has “spawn[ed] enormous confusion and wast[ed] litigant and judicial resources.”
The rule governing this Court’s analysis of the instant case was clearly articulated in Brady:
In a Title VII disparate-treatment suit where an employee has
suffered an adverse employment action and an employer has
asserted a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for the decision, the
district court need not –– and should not –– decide whether the
plaintiff actually made out a prima facie case under McDonnell
Douglas. Rather, in considering an employer’s motion for summary
judgment or judgment as a matter of law in those circumstances, the
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district court must resolve one central question: Has the employee
produced sufficient evidence for a reasonable jury to find that the
employer’s asserted non-discriminatory reason was not the actual
reason and that the employer intentionally discriminated against the
employee on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national
origin? See Hicks, 509 U.S. at 507-08, 511; Aikens, 460 U.S. at 714-
16.
Brady, 520 F.3d at 493-94 (emphasis in original). 6
It follows that SBA’s exclusive reliance on the similarly situated analysis is
misplaced. A plaintiff can show discrimination through different means, including, but not
limited to, evidence:
that the employer treated other, similarly situated employees better;
that the employer is lying about the underlying facts of its decision;
that there were changes and inconsistencies in the employer’s given
reasons for the decision; that the employer failed to follow
established procedures or criteria; or that the employer’s general
treatment of minority employees . . . was worse than its treatment of
non-minorities . . . .
Allen, 795 F.3d at 40. Defendant’s legitimate, non-discriminatory reasons for Ms. Saunders’s
reassignment are that: (1) TDD staff complained about Ms. Saunders’s management style while
she was Training Chief; and (2) SBA needed to staff the OFBCI and Ms. Saunders’s background
was a good fit for the position. However, SBA never told Ms. Saunders that there were any
issues with her management style as Training Chief. Ms. Saunders was told only that she would
be a perfect fit for the OFBCI. See MSJ, Ex. 9 [Dkt. 62-4] (Pickett’s E-mail). SBA informed
her that she was well prepared and qualified for a position and that she “could utilize [her]
training and skills and bring the benefit of experience at [her] grade level to a very important
effort for the agency.” Id. In fact, her performance appraisals in FY2006 and FY2007 (the years
6 This analysis applies with equal force to all of Ms. Saunders’s remaining claims.
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prior to her details in 2008), rated Ms. Saunders as “Extraordinary” and “Exceeds Expectations”
respectively. See Opp’n, Ex. 9 [Dkt. 69-4] (2006 Appraisal) and Ex. 24 [Dkt. 69-6] (2007
Appraisal). There was no mention of managerial deficiencies and Ms. Saunders received
performance awards based on these ratings. See id. This evidence may be accepted by a jury as
showing “inconsistencies” in SBA’s articulated reasons. Allen, 795 F.3d at 40.
Finally, Ms. Saunders testified that once she was reassigned to the OFCBI, she
did not know what to do and “no work was assigned or goals were assigned for [her] to perform
to be measured or evaluated against . . . .” Opp’n, Ex. 70 [Dkt. 69-14]; id., Ex. 72 [Dkt. 69-15]
at 26. This evidence, coupled with the fact that the SBA had temporarily promoted Shawn
Thompson (a black male and former subordinate of Ms. Saunders) in July 2009 to the position of
Training Chief, could lead a reasonable jury to find in favor of Ms. Saunders. See id., Ex. 77b
[Dkt. 70-9] (SF-52 Thompson Promotion). Giving all inferences to Ms. Saunders as the non-
moving party, the Court finds there is a genuine issue of material fact as to whether SBA’s
reasons to reassign Ms. Saunders were discriminatory and pretextual.
This analysis also applies to her retaliation claim. SBA’s sole focus on temporal
proximity is misplaced. Close temporal proximity between Ms. Saunders’s protected activity
and her reassignment to OFBCI is not the only method of proving a causal connection.
Retaliatory motive may be inferred from other types of evidence, such as inconsistent or
dishonest explanations or a deviation from established procedures or criteria. See Allen, 795
F.3d at 40; see also Walker v. Johnson, 798 F.3d 1085, 1092 (D.C. Cir. 2015). Given Ms.
Saunders’s prior positive ratings and SBA’s silence on her alleged managerial deficiencies, there
is a genuine issue of material fact as to whether Ms. Saunders was reassigned to OFBCI in
retaliation for her protected activity in 2006 and 2007 –– particularly, her testimony in the
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Chiverton case and her EEO discrimination complaint against OCHM leaders, primarily Mr.
Brechbiel. 7 See Opp’n, Ex. 3 [Dkt. 69-3] (Saunders Aff.) ¶¶ 6-8; Ex. 17 [Dkt. 69-6] (Compl.
against Brechbiel).
Defendant also alleges that Ms. Saunders cannot establish the requisite knowledge
of her prior protected activities in 2006 and 2007 because Chief of Staff Ana Ma, who decided to
reassign Ms. Saunders to OFBCI, did not know about her protected activity. The record shows
that Mr. Hairston, who was SBA’s Acting Administrator at the time and outranked Ms. Ma,
authorized the reassignment and was involved with Ms. Ma and Penny Pickett (Hairston’s Senior
Advisor) in the decision to reassign Ms. Saunders. See id., Ex. 67 [Dkt. 69-14] (Ma Dep.) at 7-8.
There is also evidence that Mr. Hairston knew about Ms. Saunders’s protected activity because:
(1) he was interviewed in 2007 about a Request for Intervention (RFI) from Ms. Saunders and
two co-workers to SBA’s Administrator regarding allegations of discrimination and retaliation
against Mr. Brechbiel and Mr. Hairston; and (2) Mr. Brechbiel wrote an angry e-mail to Mr.
Hairston blaming Ms. Saunders’s EEO complaint for his removal. See id., Ex. 18 [Dkt. 69-6]
(Paul Hastings Report); Ex. 20 [Dkt. 69-6] (Brechbiel E-mail). Therefore, there is a genuine
issue of material fact as to who decided to reassign Ms. Saunders and, to the extent that it was
Ms. Ma, whether Ms. Ma as Chief of Staff knew about the protected activity. These questions
preclude summary judgment on this claim.
7Chiverton involved a Title VII lawsuit against Mr. Brechbiel who selected a Caucasian female
over Janice Chiverton, an African American female, for a position. Ms. Saunders signed an
affidavit and provided deposition testimony supporting Ms. Chiverton’s discrimination claims.
See Saunders Aff. ¶¶ 6-8.
15
B. Announcement and Cancellation of the Training Chief Position
Shortly after Ms. Saunders’s reassignment to OFBCI, SBA announced a vacancy
in Ms. Saunders’s former position as Training Chief. The vacancy was announced on June 9,
2009 and the closing date for applications was June 22, 2009. SBA then created a Merit
Promotion Certificate of Eligibles and a Non-Competitive Candidate Referral List. Shawn
Thompson (a black male) was interviewed for the position, while Ms. Saunders –– who was
rated highly qualified –– and other black females (specifically, Mary Wilson and Sheila Clark)
were not interviewed. Ms. Saunders complained to the Administrator and the General Counsel
about her reassignment to OFBCI and the handling of the vacancy announcement. As a result of
her complaint and after a meeting between the General Counsel and the Chief Operating Officer,
Mr. Avery (CHCO at the time) placed the vacancy announcement on hold. The vacancy’s
certificate expired on December 30, 2009 and was cancelled on January 6, 2010.
Ms. Saunders alleges that she was discriminated and retaliated against when SBA
announced a vacancy for her former position and cancelled the vacancy after she applied. See
Compl. ¶ 156(b). As to the discrimination claim, SBA correctly asserts that a claim “premised
on the cancellation of a vacancy announcement must meet the same prima facie elements
required for conventional non-selection claims . . . .” Bowie v. Ashcroft, 283 F. Supp. 2d 25, 31
(D.D.C. 2003) (citations omitted). SBA argues that Ms. Saunders failed to meet the prima facie
elements on her non-selection claim because no one was hired to fill the position. This argument
is a red herring.
A non-selection claim does not require in all cases that a vacancy be filled by a
similarly situated individual outside the protected class. Teneyck v. Omni Shoreham Hotel
described the elements of a prima facie case of discrimination in the context of a non-selection
16
claim: “(i) that [s]he belongs to a [protected class]; (ii) that [s]he applied and was qualified for a
job for which the employer was seeking applicants; (iii) that, despite h[er] qualifications, [s]he
was rejected; and (iv) that after h[er] rejection, the position remained open and the employer
continued to seek applicants from persons of [the plaintiff’s] qualifications.” 365 F.3d 1139,
11490-50 (D.C. Cir. 2004). Under the fourth prong, even if the initial vacancy was never filled,
Ms. Saunders only needs to show that SBA continued to seek applicants after she was rejected.
SBA did not place the vacancy on hold until Ms. Saunders complained to the Administrator and
the General Counsel.
Moreover, the D.C. Circuit has stated that “the burden of establishing a prima
facie case ‘is not onerous.’ Its function is limited to eliminating the two most common
nondiscriminatory reasons for a plaintiff's rejection: ‘an absolute or relative lack of qualifications
or the absence of a vacancy in the job sought.’” Cones v. Shalala, 199 F.3d 512, 516 (D.C. Cir.
2000) (quoting Int’l Bhd. of Teamsters v. United States, 431 U.S. 324, 358 n. 44 (1977) and
Texas Dep’t of Cmty. Affairs v. Burdine, 450 U.S. 248 (1981)). “In fact, this Circuit has
expressly noted that a plaintiff may satisfy the fourth element of the prima facie case through
evidence that the employer did, in fact, have an available vacant position, notwithstanding the
cancellation of a vacancy announcement.” Lewis v. Dist. of Columbia, 653 F. Supp. 2d 64, 74
(D.D.C. 2009) (citing Carter v. George Wash. Univ., 387 F.3d 872, 883 (D.C. Cir. 2004)). The
Court in Lewis and the Circuit in Carter expressly rejected a similar argument to that articulated
by Defendant in the instant case. Since SBA’s only argument misinterprets the law, the Court
will deny the motion for summary judgment as to this claim.
With respect to her related retaliation claim, SBA argues that the vacancy posting
and cancellation were not materially adverse because Ms. Saunders filed a complaint of
17
discrimination and, therefore, she “cannot demonstrate that she suffered any harm or injury
likely to ‘dissuade a reasonable worker from making or supporting a charge of discrimination.’”
MSJ at 20 (quoting Nurriddin v. Bolden, 674 F. Supp. 2d 64, 91 (D.D.C. 2009)). Clearly, the
argument is wrong on the law. If this Court were to adopt SBA’s view ––that the filing of an
EEO complaint proves that no retaliation occurred –– there could be no such thing as a Title VII
retaliation claim. SBA relies on Faul v. Potter, No. 06-CV-1169, 2008 WL 4835001, at *3
(N.D.N.Y. Nov. 5, 2008) to support its position. SBA omitted an important detail: the Second
Circuit reversed the district court in Faul precisely because the retaliation analysis is an objective
one that “requires careful consideration of the totality of the circumstances.” Faul v. Potter, 355
F. App’x 527, 529-30 (2d Cir. 2009) (finding there were genuine issues of fact as to whether the
employer’s action was materially adverse). Both plaintiff and defendant in Faul agreed on
appeal that the “district court erred as a matter of law in concluding that [plaintiff] could not
prove that her suspension constituted such an adverse action in light of her own subsequent filing
of a discrimination complaint.” Id. at 529. The D.C. Circuit requires the same objective
analysis. See Mogenhan, 613 F.3d at 1166 (citing Burlington N., 548 U.S. at 68). Accordingly,
SBA’s motion as to this claim will be denied.
C. Performance Standards, Appraisals, and Awards
Ms. Saunders alleges that SBA failed to provide her with performance standards
for fiscal years 2009-2011. She also avers that she did not receive performance appraisals or
ratings for FY2009. As a result, she was not eligible for a performance award or a step increase
during this year. In FY2010, she received a Level 4 rating without a written appraisal and a
$1,927.44 bonus. For FY2011, she received her performance appraisal one year late, in
December 2012. In that evaluation, she received a Level 3 performance rating (“Meets
18
Expectations”) but did not receive any performance award. In her evaluations for FY2012 and
FY2013, she received a Level 2 rating (“Below Expectations”) without any performance awards.
These matters are poorly presented and argued. The Court identified the following claims:
(1) failure to receive performance standards for FY2009-2011; (2) failure to receive a
performance appraisal and award for FY2009; (3) failure to receive a written appraisal for
FY2010; (4) failure to receive a timely appraisal and a performance award for FY2011;
(5) failure to receive a performance award due to poor ratings for FY2012-2013. See Compl. ¶
156(c), (i), (n)-(o).
1. FY2009 and October through June of FY2010
SBA argues that the Court should dismiss or, in the alternative, enter summary
judgment in its favor on the claims that Ms. Saunders failed to receive performance standards for
FY2009 and October through June of FY20108 and failed to receive a performance appraisal and
award for FY2009. 9 See Compl. ¶ 156(c). The Court finds there are genuine issues of material
fact precluding the dismissal or entry of summary judgment on these claims. SBA has only
articulated two non-discriminatory and non-retaliatory reasons for its failure to provide Ms.
Saunders with performance standards and appraisals: (1) it was common practice to simply
discuss the duties of the job with an employee on a detail, but not enter the employee into the
system; and (2) her supervisors could not provide her with performance standards or evaluations
because they supervised Ms. Saunders for fewer than 90 days.
8 In June 2010, Ms. Saunders returned to her position as Training Chief.
9 SBA originally argued that Ms. Saunders did not exhaust her claims arising from the failure to
receive performance standards for this period. SBA withdrew this argument in its reply brief and
the Court will not consider it. See Reply at 8.
19
There is a question of material fact as to whether these reasons were pretextual
and discriminatory. See Brady, 520 F.3d at 493-94. First, Supervisory Human Resources
Specialist Mary Wilson described the lack of standards or appraisals as “illegal” because it
violated SBA’s own policies. Opp’n, Ex. 31 [Dkt. 70-6] (Wilson Dep.) at 108. Second, SBA
does not cite anything in the record to support the 90-day rule. See MSJ at 23-24. Third, SBA
seems to require that “performance standards must be established within 30 days of an
employee’s entry on duty, the beginning of a performance period, or the date of a significant
change in duties, like a reassignment.” Opp’n at 34 (citing Ex. 50a [Dkt. 69-12] (SOP) at 2-3,
7-10). SBA’s apparent deviation from such established procedures calls into question the
legitimacy of its proffered reasons. See Allen, 795 F.3d at 40; see also Walker v. Johnson, 798
F.3d 1085, 1092 (D.C. Cir. 2015). SBA also argues that Ms. Pickett sent an e-mail to Ms.
Saunders with instructions for her new position at OFBCI and, as a result, she could not have
been harmed by the lack of standards. However, a review of the e-mail shows that the
instructions were no more than a vague and elusive description of her new role. See Pickett’s E-
mail. Ms. Saunders did not receive a detailed account of “when, how much, and how well” she
needed to perform in order to be properly evaluated. SOP at 11.
SBA also argues that Ms. Saunders’s failure to receive a performance award for
FY2009 was not a materially adverse action of retaliation and, therefore, should be dismissed.
Taking all inferences in favor of Ms. Saunders, there is a question of material fact as to whether
the failure to receive a performance award due to Defendant’s failure to rate her in FY2009
resulted in an economic harm. SBA’s reliance on Taylor v. Mills, 892 F. Supp. 2d 124, 142
(D.D.C 2012) and Baloch v. Kempthorne, 550 F.3d 1191, 1199 (D.C. Cir. 2008) is inapposite
because those cases did not involve an employee’s failure to receive a performance award due to
20
the absence of a performance appraisal. Instead, both cases discussed an employee’s failure to
receive a performance award after the employee received a negative performance evaluation.
The Court agrees with Ms. Saunders that “where the Agency did not provide any standards or
ratings, . . . it cannot use its own failure to argue that Plaintiff has insufficient proof of economic
harm.” Opp’n at 37. To hold otherwise would allow employers to escape liability from possible
discrimination or retaliation by refusing to evaluate employees and preventing them from
progressing professionally or receiving performance awards.
However, even if the cited cases were applicable, they undermine SBA’s position
in the instant case. Taylor stated that to “find a causal relationship between [the lack of]
performance evaluations and the loss of a financial benefit” requires “a strong[] and clear[]
connection between the two,” such as evidence that the employee consistently received financial
awards prior to the alleged protected activity or prior to the alleged adverse action. See Taylor,
892 F. Supp. 2d at 143 (citing Weber v. Battista, 494 F.3d 179, 185 (D.C. Cir. 2007) and Burke
v. Gould, 286 F.3d 513, 522 (D.C. Cir.2002)).
In the instant case, Ms. Saunders received substantial performance awards as a
result of her ratings in FY2006-2008 and FY2010, but not in FY2009 because she was never
rated for the year she was at OFBCI. Unlike the plaintiff in Taylor, Ms. Saunders has adduced
evidence that her “subjective expectations [that she was entitled to a performance award] were
grounded in objective reality.” Taylor, 892 F. Supp. 2d at 144. SBA does not argue that Ms.
Saunders would not have received a step increase and performance award for FY2009 had she
been evaluated in accord with SBA policies. Consequently, there is a genuine issue of material
fact as to whether SBA’s actions were materially adverse.
21
2. June to September of FY2010 and Lack of Written FY2010 Appraisal
SBA argues that Ms. Saunders abandoned any claim she may have had regarding
the lack of her performance standards for June to September of FY2010 and for failure to receive
a written appraisal for FY2010. Ms. Saunders does not dispute the argument. Accordingly, it is
conceded. See Hopkins v. Women’s Div., Gen. Bd. of Global Ministries, 284 F. Supp. 2d 15, 25
(D.D.C. 2003), aff’d, 98 Fed. App’x. 8 (D.C. Cir. 2004) (“It is well understood in this Circuit
that when a plaintiff files an opposition to a dispositive motion and addresses only certain
arguments raised by the defendant, a court may treat those arguments that the plaintiff failed to
address as conceded.”) (citations omitted). The Court will dismiss the claim that the SBA
discriminated and retaliated against her by failing to provide performance standards for the
period of June to September of FY2010 and for failure to issue a written appraisal for FY2010.
See Compl. ¶ 156(c).
3. Performance Standards, Appraisal, and Award for FY2011
SBA makes only two arguments with respect to the claims relating to FY2011. 10
First, SBA argues that it did not issue a performance review and rating for FY2011 until
December 2012 because it was in the midst of settlement negotiations with Ms. Sanders and the
10 In its opening brief, SBA did not mention Ms. Saunders’s claim that it discriminated and
retaliated against her by failing to issue performance standards for FY2011. In its reply brief,
SBA argued for the first time that “Plaintiff has abandoned, and has not exhausted her claims for
performance standards for . . . FY2011 . . . .” Reply at 10. Prior to the Reply, SBA had never
articulated an exhaustion argument with respect to this claim. “[I]t is improper for a party to raise
new arguments in a reply brief because it deprives the opposing party of an opportunity to
respond to them, and courts may disregard any such arguments.” Performance Contracting, Inc.
v. Rapid Response Const., Inc., 267 F.R.D. 422, 425 (D.D.C. 2010) (citation omitted). The Court
will not entertain the argument because it was not raised in the SBA’s opening brief and, in
addition, it fails to state why the claim was not exhausted.
22
lack of a performance appraisal and award was a subject of those negotiations. This argument
alone creates a genuine issue of material fact because a jury could reasonably infer that SBA’s
late appraisal was a form of discrimination against Ms. Saunders and retaliation for her exercise
of protected activity. As Ms. Saunders puts it, a jury could find that her rating depended on her
settlement position.
Second, SBA contends that Ms. Saunders “cannot demonstrate that she was
entitled to receive an award, much less that the failure to receive an award was materially
adverse.” MSJ at 53. However, the denial of performance awards, such as alleged here, can
constitute materially adverse action because it could impact an employee’s “compensation and
tangible benefits” and could dissuade a reasonable worker from filing or supporting a complaint
of discrimination. Nurriddin, 674 F. Supp. 2d at 90. Ms. Saunders has shown that she received
performance awards in FY2006-2008 and FY2010. She did not receive a performance award in
FY2009 because she was not evaluated. This is enough to establish a causal relationship
between her untimely Level 3 rating and the loss of a financial benefit. See Burke, 286 F.3d at
522. Ms. Saunders’s excellent ratings in previous years, coupled with the fact that SBA delayed
her FY2011 evaluation, create a genuine issue of material fact as to whether SBA’s denial of a
performance award for FY2011 was materially adverse. SBA’s motion will be denied as to both
discrimination and retaliation claims. See Compl. ¶ 156(c), (i).
4. Poor Ratings and Performance Awards for FY2012 and FY2013
On November 8, 2012, Ms. Saunders received a Level 2 rating (“Below
Expectations”) for FY2012. She received the same rating on November 21, 2013 for FY2013.
Ms. Saunders attacks the validity of these ratings and argues that they financially harmed her
because she could have advanced a step within her grade with a Level 3 rating. These poor
23
ratings also resulted in the denial of performance-based awards for FY2012 and 2013. See
Compl. ¶ 156(n)-(o).
As stated above, the denial of performance awards can constitute materially
adverse action because it could impact the employee’s “compensation and tangible benefits” and
could dissuade a reasonable worker from filing a complaint of discrimination. Nurriddin, 674 F.
Supp. 2d at 90. However, Ms. Saunders abandoned her discrimination claim based on the
FY2012 and FY2013 poor ratings. In Section XIII of her opposition, Ms. Saunders claims that
she properly established her prima facie case for retaliation and that there was a causal
connection between the low ratings and her protected activity to sustain a retaliation claim. See
Opp’n at 51 (Section XIII, titled “Defendant Retaliated against Plaintiff by Issuing her Poor
Performance Ratings for Fiscal Years 2012 and 2013.”). Ms. Saunders does not make any
reference to her discrimination claim and fails to respond properly to the SBA’s motion. The
discrimination claim will be dismissed. See Hopkins, 284 F. Supp. 2d at 25.
With respect to her retaliation claim, the record shows a significant discrepancy
between her past ratings and the much lower 2012 and 2013 ratings. Ms. Saunders also argues
that the reasons provided for the low ratings –– namely, failure to adjust to the OHCM’s
reorganization, fill vacant positions, and give clear guidance to employees –– were pretextual.
Since there are genuine issues of material fact concerning whether many of these actions giving
rise to the poor ratings were retaliatory, the jury must decide whether SBA retaliated against Ms.
Saunders by issuing the poor ratings and denying her the possibility of performance awards for
FY2012-2013. Finally, since Ms. Saunders had filed numerous EEO complaints against her
supervisor, Donald Sanders, and had filed the instant lawsuit against Defendant prior to these
appraisals, the jury must decide if there is a causal connection.
24
D. Diminished Duties and Responsibilities
On June 1, 2010, Ms. Saunders returned to her former position as Training Chief.
Ms. Saunders alleges that SBA took a series of steps to diminish her duties and responsibilities,
as well as to undermine the status of her position as Training Chief. See Compl. ¶ 156(d).
Defendant argues that some of these actions –– such as removing Mr. Thompson from her
supervision, allowing employees outside of TDD to perform training functions, preventing Ms.
Saunders from selecting her own intern, preventing Ms. Saunders from filling TDD vacancies in
a timely manner, and proposing to create a similar position in a different division –– are not
materially adverse when considered individually. The Court agrees with SBA that some of these
actions in isolation –– particularly, the hiring of a student summer intern by her immediate
supervisor –– are not materially adverse. Bridgeforth, 721 F.3d at 663 (holding that material
adversity requires “more than those petty slights or minor annoyances that often take place at
work and that all employees experience”) (internal quotation marks and quotation omitted).
However, Ms. Saunders claims that these actions, when viewed in the aggregate,
amounted to a materially adverse action –– namely, the diminishment of responsibilities and the
withdrawing of supervisory duties. See Compl. ¶ 156(d). Ms. Saunder relies on Allen, where the
D.C. Circuit recently stated, “This court has also suggested that a pattern of negative, on-the-job
treatment could add up to a materially adverse employment action, even if any one of the
employer’s complained-of acts would not alone count as materially adverse.” 795 F.3d at 47 n.5;
see also Mogenhan, 613 F.3d at 1166 (noting that two alleged employment actions “perhaps
alone but certainly in combination –– suffice” to consider them materially adverse). SBA has
not responded to this aggregation argument and fails to consider the overall alleged
diminishment of duties and responsibilities. Accordingly, the argument is conceded for purposes
25
of summary judgment. See Hopkins, 284 F. Supp. 2d at 25; see also Czekalski v. Peters, 475
F.3d 360, 364 (D.C. Cir. 2007) (stating that “withdrawing an employee’s supervisory duties” or
the “reassignment with significantly different responsibilities” are examples of adverse
employment actions (quoting Stewart v. Ashcroft, 352 F.3d 422, 426 (D.C. Cir. 2003); Forkkio,
306 F.3d at 1131) (other citations omitted)). 11
Moreover, whether some of SBA’s actions were taken due to discriminatory or
retaliatory animus or due to Ms. Saunders’s incompetence and inadequate work product is hotly
contested. The SBA’s motion will be denied.
E. Assignment of Ridiculous and Useless Tasks
Ms. Saunders alleges that “[s]ince May 2011, management assigned [her]
ridiculous and useless tasks.” Opp’n at 38; see also Compl. ¶ 156(e). One example is that on
August 9, 2011, Ms. Saunders and her immediate supervisor, Donald Sanders, were in Baltimore
conducting training and Mr. Sanders told her to drive to Washington D.C. to retrieve a document
for the Baltimore training program. According to Ms. Saunders, Mr. Sanders already had the
document. In any event, Ms. Saunders conceded in her opposition that this directive was not an
adverse action. In addition, SBA’s arguments that there is no evidence that the directive was
either discriminatory or retaliatory are unopposed. Accordingly, the Court will dismiss the
claims based on the assignment of ridiculous and useless tasks.
11As did the plaintiff in Czekalski, Ms. Saunders “has raised a genuine issue as to whether the
reassignment [to the TDD] left her with ‘significantly different’ –– and diminished ––
supervisory and programmatic responsibilities.” 475 F.3d at 364.
26
F. The Journal-Tampering Investigation
Ms. Saunders alleges that SBA discriminated and retaliated against her when it
conducted a “meritless misconduct investigation against [her].” Compl. ¶ 156(f). In its opening
brief, the SBA elaborates on this allegation on behalf of Ms. Saunders. 12 In August 2011, Don
Helleu, Ms. Saunders’s subordinate at the TDD, told Donald Sanders that pages had been torn
out of his personal journal. Mr. Helleu also indicated that Ms. Saunders knew about the journal
and that she could have accessed Mr. Helleu’s office during the weekend. Mr. Sanders told Mr.
Helleu not to touch the notebook so that it could be dusted for fingerprints. Mr. Mahoney and
Mr. Sanders brought investigators from the Social Security Administration to conduct an inquiry
into the matter and to focus on Ms. Saunders as a suspect. Mr. Sanders requested a Datawatch
report to retrieve Ms. Saunders’s door-access data. He also requested a similar report regarding
every person who worked on the same floor. The investigators interviewed Ms. Saunders, Mr.
Helleu, and other employees and concluded that “[t]here was no way to determine what actually
happened.” MSJ, Ex. 75 [Dkt. 63-5] (Investigation Memo) at 15. Thus ended the saga of the
journal-tampering investigation.
SBA first argues that the investigation was not materially adverse and, therefore,
it should be entitled to summary judgment on the discrimination and retaliation claims. In its
opening brief, SBA invoked only the materiality standard for discrimination claims, thereby
waiving any argument as to why the investigation was not materially adverse for retaliation
12 The Complaint only alleges that “since May 2011,” SBA conducted a “meritless misconduct
investigation against [her].” Compl. ¶ 156(f). The allegation is devoid of any facts or substance
and fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678-79; see also
Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570. However, SBA opted to inject facts not alleged in the Complaint.
27
purposes. See MSJ at 46-47. If this were not confusing enough, Ms. Saunders’s opposition
exclusively focused on why the investigation was materially adverse for retaliation purposes, but
not for discrimination purposes. See Opp’n at 39-40. This is just one of many examples in
which the parties confused the standards for discrimination and retaliation claims.
Retaliatory conduct need not reach the same level of adversity as discriminatory
conduct because the “scope of the anti-retaliation provision extends beyond workplace-related or
employment-related retaliatory acts and harm.” Steele, 535 F.3d at 695 (quoting Burlington N.,
548 U.S. at 67). In other words, “Title VII’s substantive [discrimination] provision and its anti-
retaliation provision are not coterminous.” Id. Ms. Saunders abandoned her discrimination
claim by not addressing it. 13 The claim will be dismissed. See Hopkins, 284 F. Supp. 2d at 25.
With respect to Ms. Saunders’s retaliation claim, SBA simply says, without
explanation or legal support, that “a reasonable worker would not be dissuaded from filing or
supporting a charge of discrimination simply because her employer initiated an investigation of
another employee’s allegations of theft.” MSJ at 48. This presents only a legal conclusion, not
an argument. “It is not enough to merely mention a possible argument in the most skeletal way,
leaving the court to do counsel's work, create the ossature for the argument, and put flesh on its
13In any event, the Court agrees with SBA that there is no evidence that the investigation
“affect[ed] the terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, or future employment
opportunities such that a reasonable trier of fact could find objectively tangible harm.” Forkkio,
306 F.3d at 1131. “[M]ere investigations by plaintiff’s employer cannot constitute an adverse
action because they have no adverse effect on plaintiff’s employment.” Mack v. Strauss, 134 F.
Supp. 2d 103, 114 (D.D.C. 2001) aff’d, No. 01-5122, 2001 WL 1286263 (D.C. Cir. Sept. 28,
2001); see also Yerdon v. Henry, 91 F. 3d 370, 378 (2d Cir. 1996) (holding that charges of
wrongdoing and a misconduct investigation alone are not adverse actions because “if the charges
were ultimately dismissed, [the plaintiff] would not have suffered any adverse effect from
them”).
28
bones.” North v. Smarsh, Inc., No. 15-cv-494 (RMC), 2015 WL 8023999, at *10 (D.D.C. Dec.
4, 2015) (quoting United States v. Zannino, 895 F.2d 1, 17 (1st Cir. 1990)). SBA waived any
arguments on whether the investigation was materially adverse and potentially retaliatory.
In addition, whether the investigation was retaliatory or legitimate is contested.
The jury must evaluate the facts surrounding the investigation and determine if there is a causal
connection between the protected activity and the journal-tampering investigation. SBA’s motion
as to this retaliation claim will be denied.
G. OHCM’s Reorganization
On August 30, 2011, and again on November 16, 2011, Ms. Saunders was told
that her position as Training Chief would be abolished and that she would have to apply to a
different non-guaranteed position within SBA. See Compl. ¶ 156(g)-(h). This was part of a
much broader reorganization of the Office of Human Capital Management. Mr. Mahoney
testified that he “initially considered having the new GS-15 positions open for competition,
wherein all division heads would have to re-compete for the positions.” MSJ at 50. However, he
changed his mind and concluded that the “fair thing to do was to place all the division chiefs,
[such as Ms. Saunders], in division jobs, and give them the opportunity to work in the new
structure.” Id. (quoting Mahoney Dep. 138-159).
Ms. Saunders did not suffer any tangible harm as a result of an announcement that
never materialized. Ms. Saunders seems to acknowledge this fact when she argues in her
opposition that “[w]hile these incidents may not stand on their own as adverse actions or
materially adverse actions, these are the types of actions (along with others) that interfered with
Plaintiff’s ability to carry out the duties and responsibilities of her position.” Opp’n at 41-42.
29
The Court finds that Ms. Saunders abandoned her claims based on the OHCM’s proposed
reorganization and they will be dismissed.
H. Proposed Demotion
On February 14, 2012, Mr. Sanders issued a Notice of Proposed Demotion to Ms.
Saunders for, inter alia, alleged confrontational behavior and failure to follow directives. The
Complaint alleges that SBA discriminated and retaliated against Ms. Saunders by issuing this
notice consisting of false allegations against her. See Compl. ¶ 156(j). SBA moves to dismiss
or, in the alternative, for summary judgment.
In her opposition, Ms. Saunders only responds to SBA’s arguments regarding her
retaliation claim. See Opp’n at 43-47. Therefore, she has abandoned her claim that SBA
discriminated against her by issuing the Notice of Proposed Demotion. See Hopkins, 284 F.
Supp. 2d at 25. Even if Ms. Saunders did not abandon her discrimination claim, it must be noted
that she complained about a proposed demotion that never materialized and never “affect[ed] the
terms, conditions, or privileges of employment or future employment opportunities such that a
reasonable trier of fact could find objectively tangible harm.” Forkkio, 306 F.3d at 1131. It
follows that the proposed demotion was not materially adverse for discrimination purposes.
SBA additionally argues that Ms. Saunders failed to exhaust her administrative
remedies with respect to her discrimination and retaliation claims because she failed to consult
with an EEO Counselor and to participate in informal counseling prior to filing a complaint. It is
undisputed that on February 21, 2012, Ms. Saunders told her assigned EEO Counselor, Sandra
Winston, that she was going to pursue several employment actions, including the proposed
demotion. Ms. Saunders never met with Ms. Winston to discuss the allegations or to try to
resolve the matter informally as required by the regulations of the Equal Employment
30
Opportunity Commission (EEOC), codified in 29 C.F.R. § 164.105(a). In fact, Ms. Saunders
cancelled meetings with Ms. Winston on March 7, 9, and 13, 2012. Ms. Saunders also failed to
take part in informal counseling. Despite her failure to meet and consult with Ms. Winston, she
requested a Notice of Right to File, which SBA issued. On March 27, 2012, Ms. Saunders filed
a formal complaint. SBA dismissed the complaint on April 16, 2012 pursuant to 29 C.F.R.
§ 1614.107(a)(2). Ms. Saunders did not appeal SBA’s dismissal to the EEOC.
Ms. Saunders failed to exhaust her administrative remedies with respect to any
claim related to the proposed demotion. 14 SBA was not able to investigate the claims and was
never given the opportunity to resolve them. This is precisely what the exhaustion requirement
seeks to prevent. See Brown v. Marsh, 777 F.2d 8, 14 (D.C. Cir. 1985) (“Exhaustion is required
in order to give federal agencies an opportunity to handle matters internally whenever possible
and to ensure that the federal courts are burdened only when reasonably necessary.”); see also
McRae v. Librarian of Congress, 843 F.2d 1494, 1496 (D.C. Cir. 1988) (noting that the
exhaustion requirement “is intended to give the agency the opportunity to right any wrong it may
have committed”). “The exhaustion requirement is not a mere legal pleasantry –– rather, it is a
natural outgrowth of fidelity to the principle of separation of powers, and it constitutes an
indispensable prerequisite to a lawsuit in federal court.” Silver v. Leavitt, No. 05-cv-0968 (JDB),
2006 WL 626928, at *9 (D.D.C. Mar. 13, 2006) (citation omitted). Since Ms. Saunders failed to
14Ms. Saunders acknowledges that she did not meet with Ms. Winston due to scheduling
conflicts. See Saunders Aff. ¶ 40. She argues that she would have participated in informal
counseling had she known her EEO complaint could be dismissed. See id. As evidenced by her
extensive protected activity and numerous EEO complaints, Ms. Saunders was quite familiar
with this process. It is clear that she failed to exhaust her administrative remedies on the
proposed demotion and that she did not appeal the complaint’s dismissal to the EEOC.
31
satisfy the exhaustion requirement on these claims, she “will be denied a judicial audience.”
Brown, 777 F.2d at 13.
Ms. Saunders resists this conclusion by invoking the “like or related to” exception
to the exhaustion requirement. Weber, 494 F.3d at 183; see also 29 C.F.R. § 1614.107(a)(2).
Under this exception, exhaustion is not required for a new claim that is “‘like or related to’ a
pending claim if it ‘could have reasonably been expected to grow out of the original complaint
during the investigation.’” Weber, 494 F.3d at 183 (quoting Core v. Brownlee, EEOC Doc
01A34550, 2004 WL 189570, at *1 (E.E.O.C. Jan. 23, 2004)) (emphasis added). If a new claim
could have reasonably been expected to grow out of an earlier one, “[t]here is no requirement
that the amendment be subject to counseling.” Id.Ms. Saunders claims here that her “claim regarding the proposed demotion [in
February 2012] is based on the same acts of discrimination and retaliation that led to the Letter
of Reprimand [received on August 6, 2012], and Defendant does not dispute that Plaintiff’s
claim regarding the Letter of Reprimand was administratively exhausted.” Opp’n at 44. The
underlying rationale of the “like or related to” exception is that a similar or related claim brought
in an earlier complaint serves as constructive notice to the agency of a new unexhausted claim.
But a new claim (i.e., proposed demotion) cannot grow out of a discriminatory act that has not
occurred (i.e, letter of reprimand). The Letter of Reprimand was issued in lieu of the proposed
demotion. Since “[e]ach discrete discriminatory act starts a new clock for filing charges alleging
that act,” and Ms. Saunders failed to exhaust her administrative remedies with respect to the
proposed demotion, her claims about it will be dismissed. Nat’l R.R. Passenger Corp. v.
Morgan, 536 U.S. 101, 113 (2002).
32
I. Letter of Reprimand
The February 14 Notice of Proposed Demotion contained two charges against Ms.
Saunders: (1) Conduct Unbecoming of a Government Employee and (2) Failure to Follow a
Directive. The first charge alleged that Ms. Saunders exhibited “uncooperative, confrontational,
and deceptive behavior” toward Mr. Sanders on three separate occasions during an August 2011
Baltimore training conference. MSJ, Ex. 52 [Dkt. 63-1] (Proposed Demotion) at 2. The second
charged alleged that she failed to provide Mr. Sanders a completed version of the Strategic
Training Plan to be used at the August 2011 Baltimore training conference, having missed July
24 and August 2, 2011 deadlines. SBA’s Chief Operating Officer, Paul Christy, investigated the
charges. As the deciding official, on August 6, 2012, Mr. Christy sustained only the second
charge and reduced the proposed penalty (i.e., demotion) to a letter of reprimand because there
was no record of repetition of the sustained charge and that was the penalty prescribed by SBA’s
Table of Penalties under its Standard Operating Procedures. See id., Ex. 54 [Dkt. 63-1]
(Reprimand Decision].
The Complaint alleges that Ms. Saunders was discriminated and retaliated against
when Mr. Christy issued the Letter. See Compl. ¶ 156(l). SBA argues that the Letter of
Reprimand was not a material adverse action. Without making a distinction between the
materiality standard of her discrimination and retaliation claims, Ms. Saunders argues that the
Letter of Reprimand was materially adverse because her FY2012 performance appraisal, “which
likely took the reprimand into account, was a level 2 –– too low to qualify for an in-grade step
increase.” Opp’n at 48 (emphasis added). Id.With respect to her discrimination claim, Ms. Saunders has failed to provide
evidence that she “experienced materially adverse consequences affecting the terms, conditions,
33
or privileges of employment or future employment opportunities such that a reasonable trier of
fact could find objectively tangible harm.” Forkkio, 306 F.3d at 1131. The Letter of Reprimand
was issued to mitigate a real materially adverse action –– a demotion. Ms. Saunders did not lose
any wages or benefits as a result of the Letter and her position was not affected. Ms. Saunders’s
argument that her Level 2 rating for FY2012 “likely took the reprimand into account” is too
speculative to satisfy the materiality standard for discrimination claims. Opp’n at 48 (emphasis
added). She does not cite any testimony or evidence in the record to support this speculative
assertion. To avoid summary judgment, Ms. Saunders needed to present specific facts –– as
opposed to mere allegations or conclusory statements –– that would enable a reasonable jury to
find in her favor. Ms. Saunders failed to present such facts. 15
The D.C. Circuit held in Baloch that a letter of reprimand that “contain[s] no
abusive language, but rather job-related constructive criticism, which ‘can prompt an employee
to improve her performance,’” cannot be considered materially adverse for purposes of a
retaliation claim. 550 F.3d at 1199 (quoting Whittaker, 424 F.3d at 648) (other citation omitted);
see also Herbert v. Architect of the Capitol, 766 F. Supp. 2d 59, 75 (D.D.C. 2011) (internal
quotation marks and citations omitted) (holding that a “five single-spaced” page letter of
reprimand that began “by faulting the employee for his failure to perform duties as directed,
15 Ms. Saunders also relies on a Second Circuit case to argue that although the Letter of
Reprimand “d[id] not directly or immediately result in any loss of wages of benefits [] and d[id]
not remain in the employment file permanently,” it can still constitute a material adverse action.
Millea v. Metro-N. R. Co., 658 F.3d 154, 165 (2d Cir. 2011). However, Millea only addressed
the materiality standard in the context of a retaliation claim. Therefore, it is inapposite to the
discrimination allegation.
34
failure to follow a supervisor’s directive[,] and unprofessional and discourteous conduct” was
not materially adverse).
The Letter of Reprimand to Ms. Saunders did not contain any abusive or offensive
language. It was much less “adverse” than the ones at issue in both Baloch and Herbert. The
fact that the Letter also warned Ms. Saunders that she could be subject to further disciplinary
actions in the event of future misconduct does not change the analysis. “[M]ere speculation that
a letter of reprimand may lead to future punishment is insufficient to establish an adverse
employment action.” Coleman v. District of Columbia, No. 04-cv-1325 (GK), 2006 WL
2434926, at *4 (D.D.C. Aug. 22, 2006) (emphasis in original). Any “suggestion that the letter
[of reprimand] may serve as the basis for some future discipline to be imposed against [him] is
entirely speculative and cannot transform [it] . . . into an actionable adverse action.” Williams v.
Dodaro, 576 F.Supp.2d 72, 89 n. 14 (D.D.C. 2008).
Aside from arguing that the Letter of Reprimand lacked merit and that it might
have affected her FY2012 appraisal, Ms. Saunders fails to explain how the August 6 Letter could
have “dissuaded a reasonable worker from making or supporting a charge of discrimination.”
Mogenhan, 613 F.3d at 1166 (quoting Burlington N., 548 U.S. at 68); see Opp’n at 47-49. The
Court will not develop the argument on Ms. Saunders’s behalf. Judgment will be entered in
favor of SBA on these claims.
J. Telework Arrangement
Ms. Saunders had a telework schedule beginning in 2010 because she suffered
complications from a fall in the office and her doctor recommended that she telework once or
twice a week. On July 19, 2012, Mr. Sanders suspended Ms. Saunders’s telework arrangement
through October 15, 2012. Mr. Sanders testified that he suspended the arrangement temporarily
35
because Ms. Saunders “would need significant amounts of face time with customers and
colleagues to ensure successful rollout” of the new Talent Management System and the 2012
Leadership Development Program. When Ms. Saunders told him that she needed to telework for
medical reasons, Mr. Sanders stated that he would reconsider the decision if Ms. Saunders
provided him with medical documentation. Mr. Sanders also told Ms. Saunders that she could
telework on an ad-hoc basis as long as her requests were approved in advance. Ms. Saunders
provided medical documentation on September 26, 2012, which she claims SBA ignored. SBA’s
Office of Employment Opportunity and Civil Rights Compliance contacted Ms. Saunders the
next day to discuss the documentation, but Ms. Saunders refused to meet. Mr. Mahoney
extended the telework suspension to November 30, 2012.
The Complaint avers that Ms. Saunders was discriminated and retaliated against
when SBA suspended her telework arrangement “indefinitely.” Compl. ¶ 156(k). 16 SBA argues
that the “temporary suspension of Plaintiff’s ability to choose her work location on a regular
basis cannot constitute a materially adverse action under either a discrimination or a retaliation
claim.” MSJ at 64. Ms. Saunders abandoned her claim of discrimination by limiting her
argument to retaliation. See Opp’n at 49 (“The Agency Retaliated against Plaintiff by
Suspending her Telework Arrangement Indefinitely.”). She argues that SBA’s explanation for
the suspension was “simply a cover for its retaliation” and that there was a causal connection to
her protected activity to sustain a retaliation claim. Id. The Court finds that Ms. Saunders has
conceded her discrimination claim. See Byrd v. Vilsack, 931 F. Supp. 2d 27, 36-37 (D.D.C.
16
The telework arrangement was suspended through October 15, 2012, and extended to
November 30, 2012.
36
2013) (citing Hopkins, 284 F. Supp. 2d at 25) (dismissing plaintiff’s race discrimination claim
based on the denial of her telework requests because her opposition brief failed to discuss the
claim).
With respect to the retaliation claim based on the same action, the Court agrees
with Ms. Saunders that the suspension of her telework arrangement was materially adverse.
SBA argues that “[c]ourts have ‘repeatedly held that denial of a telework arrangement on its own
does not constitute and adverse employment action.” MSJ at 63 (quoting Redmon v. U.S.
Capitol Police, 80 F. Supp. 3d 79, 87 (D.D.C. 2015)); see also Byrd, 931 F.Supp.2d at 41
(“[T]he denial of an employee's request to work from home on a few occasions, without more,
does not constitute an adverse employment action under Title VII, even under the seemingly
broader standard applicable to retaliation claims.”). Similarly, “requiring an employee to attend
a face-to-face meeting does not rise to the level of severity that could well dissuade a reasonable
worker from making or supporting a charge of discrimination.” Bright v. Copps, 828 F. Supp. 2d
130, 148-49 (D.D.C. 2011).
These cases, however, do not support SBA’s action here. They involved the
denial of an initial telework request, as opposed to the suspension of an existing telework
arrangement. The suspension of an existing privilege or condition of employment (i.e., telework
arrangement) could dissuade a reasonable worker from filing or supporting a charge of
discrimination against the employer because the worker could feel that the charge will result in
further adverse actions and retaliation. The fact that the suspension was temporary and that Ms.
Saunders could still telework on an ad hoc basis does not change the analysis. SBA fails to
37
dispute this point substantively. 17 At the very least, there is a genuine issue of material fact as to
whether the suspension was materially adverse.
Furthermore, Ms. Saunders has produced sufficient evidence to raise a genuine
issue of material fact to avoid summary judgment on the retaliation claim. The parties disagree
as to whether there was medical documentation supporting the existing telework arrangement. In
addition, it is unclear whether SBA ignored the September 26 documentation or whether Ms.
Saunders requested a reasonable accommodation. Finally, Ms. Saunders argues that SBA’s
articulated reasons for the suspension were pretextual because “all the employees working on
those projects [i.e., the Talent Management System and the Leadership Development Program]
kept their telework arrangements except Plaintiff.” Opp’n at 49. Finally, given Mr. Sanders’s
and Mr. Mahoney’s ample knowledge of Ms. Saunders’s previous and ongoing protected
activity, a reasonable jury might infer a causal connection between her protected activities and
the telework suspension.
K. The August 28, 2012 Incident
The Complaint alleges that Ms. Saunders was discriminated and retaliated against
when Mr. Sanders yelled and waived his arms at her on August 28, 2012 and caused her to suffer
a panic attack. See Compl. ¶ 156(m). Ms. Saunders wisely concedes that this incident alone
does not constitute an adverse action. See Opp’n at 51. As the D.C. Circuit stated in Baloch,
“[S]poradic verbal altercations or disagreements do not qualify as adverse actions for purposes of
17 SBA’s only response is to say that “a reasonable worker would not be dissuaded from filing a
charge of discrimination simply because a manager suspends a telework arrangement
temporarily in order to get work done.” Reply at 25. This conclusory argument is devoid of
legal authority.
38
retaliation claims.” 550 F.3d at 1199. The same applies to the discrimination claim because the
conditions and terms of Ms. Saunders’s employment were not affected by Mr. Sanders’s yelling
and behavior. “We speak of material adversity because we believe it is important to separate
significant from trivial harms. Title VII, we have said, does not set forth ‘a general civility code
for the American workplace.’” Burlington N., 548 U.S. at 68 (emphasis in original) (quoting
Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., 523 U.S. 75, 80 (1998)). The claims will be
dismissed.
L. Notice of Proposed Removal, Removal, Administrative Leave, and Loss of
Computer Access
The Complaint alleges that SBA discriminated and retaliated against Ms.
Saunders when: (1) on April 17, 2014, she received a Notice of Proposed Removal with false
allegations, was placed on administrative leave, and her computer access was terminated; and
(2) on June 26, 2014, SBA sustained the proposed removal and terminated her. See Compl.
¶ 156(p)-(s). The 2014 Notice of Proposed Removal contained four charges: (1) Conduct
Unbecoming of a Supervisor; (2) Failure to Cooperate with an Official Inquiry; (3) Lack of
Candor; and (4) Retaliation against Individual Involved in the EEO Complaint Process. Ms.
Saunders was placed on administrative leave pending review of the charges, but she continued to
receive her full salary and accrue benefits. However, while on leave, she lost her computer
access.
Mr. Christy, who was also the deciding official when Ms. Saunders received the
proposed demotion, sustained her removal. Ms. Saunders filed a complaint with the Office of
the Special Counsel. As a result, SBA was ordered to reinstate Ms. Saunders and to stay her
39
removal for 45 days while the complaint was investigated. On September 3, 2014, Ms. Saunders
voluntarily retired.
Ms. Saunders abandoned any discrimination claim based on these events in her
opposition. See Opp’n at 53 (“Defendant Retaliated against Plaintiff by Proposing her Removal,
Placing her on Administrative Leave, Revoking her Computer Access, and Removing her from
Federal Service.”) Ms. Saunders argues only that she was a victim of retaliation. See id. at 53-
56. Her discrimination claim based on these actions will be dismissed. See Hopkins, 284 F.
Supp. 2d at 25.
Ms. Saunders argues that her “termination remained in effect for 55 days,” which
prevented her from retiring as planned (on August 16, 2014) until the OSC and an administrative
judge intervened to reinstate her. Opp’n at 54. While she was on leave, Ms. Saunders claims she
was unable to work and to access documents in her computer that were relevant to her defense.
She also contends that her proposed removal and administrative leave affected her reputation and
were reflected on her employment record. SBA did not respond to any of these arguments in its
reply and, thus, conceded them. See Hopkins, 284 F. Supp. 2d at 25.
Moreover, there are multiple issues of material fact concerning whether the
underlying charges of the proposed removal had any merit. Ms. Saunders argues that the OSC
was able to convince the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) to stay her removal because
the charges were vague and retaliatory. Taking all inferences in favor of Ms. Saunders, a jury
must decide whether SBA’s proffered reasons for the removal were legitimate or pretextual and
whether there was a causal connection. The claim will proceed to trial.
40
M. Constructive Discharge
The Complaint alleges that Ms. Saunders was discriminated and retaliated against
when SBA constructively terminated her on September 3, 2014. See Compl. ¶ 156(t).
According to Ms. Saunders, SBA’s discriminatory and retaliatory acts made her working
conditions intolerable so she was forced to retire before the reinstatement period ended. SBA
moves to dismiss the discrimination and retaliation claims based on the alleged constructive
discharge because Ms. Saunders failed to file an EEO complaint and exhaust her administrative
remedies. SBA does not move for summary judgment on the merits of these particular claims.
Ms. Saunders agrees that the she did not exhaust her administrative remedies, but
asserts that she did not have to because, among other things, it would have been futile. The
Court agrees. “Under certain circumstances, futility may constitute an exception to the
requirement of exhaustion of administrative remedies in the area of employment discrimination.”
Rann v. Chao, 154 F. Supp. 2d 61, 65 (D.D.C. 2001), aff'd as modified, 346 F.3d 192 (D.C. Cir.
2003) (citations omitted). In the instant case, SBA removed Ms. Saunders and when the OSC
asked the SBA to stay the removal for a few months, it refused to do so. As a result, MSPB
ordered SBA to stay the decision. Exhaustion of this claim would have been futile because the
evidence clearly shows that SBA had no interest in mitigating its alleged error. SBA failed to
respond to Ms. Saunders’s futility argument and, thus, conceded it. See Hopkins, 284 F. Supp.
2d at 25. SBA’s motion will be denied as to these claims. 18
18 In its opening brief, SBA moved to dismiss the hostile work environment claim for failure to
state a claim under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. This claim already
was dismissed. See Order [Dkt. 20].
41
IV. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Court will grant in part and deny in part
Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss or, in the alternative, for Summary Judgment, Dkt. 62.
Specifically, the following claims will be dismissed: (1) discrimination and retaliation based on
the failure to receive performance standards from June through September of FY2010 and failure
to receive a written appraisal for FY2010 (Compl. ¶ 156(c)); (2) discrimination based on poor
ratings and failure to receive performance awards for FY2012-2013 (Compl. ¶ 156(n),(o));
(3) discrimination and retaliation based on the assignment of ridiculous and useless tasks
(Compl. ¶ 156(e)); (4) discrimination based on the journal-tampering investigation (Compl.
¶ 156(f)); (5) discrimination and retaliation based on the proposed reorganization of the Office of
Human Capital Management and the plans to abolish Plaintiff’s position (Compl. ¶ 156(g)-(h));
(6) discrimination and retaliation based on the 2012 Notice of Proposed Demotion (Compl.
¶ 156(j)); (7) discrimination and retaliation based on Letter of Reprimand (Compl. ¶ 156(l));
(8) discrimination based on the temporary suspension of Ms. Saunders’s telework arrangement
(Compl. ¶ 156(k)); (9) discrimination and retaliation based on August 28, 2012 incident (Compl.
¶ 156(m)); and (10) discrimination based on the 2014 Notice of Proposed Removal, removal,
administrative leave, and loss of computer access (Compl. ¶ 156(p)-(s)).
The following claims will remain: (1) discrimination and retaliation based on
reassignment to the Office of Faith Based and Community Initiatives (Compl. ¶ 156(a));
(2) discrimination and retaliation based on the announcement and cancellation of the Training
Chief vacancy (Compl. ¶ 156(b)); (3) discrimination and retaliation based on failure to receive
performance standards for FY2009 and October-June of FY2010 and failure to receive a
performance appraisal and award for FY2009 (Compl. ¶ 156(c)); (4) discrimination and
42
retaliation based on failure to receive to performance standards for FY2011 and a timely
performance appraisal and award for FY2011 (Compl. ¶ 156(c), (i)); (5) retaliation based on poor
ratings and failure to receive performance awards for FY2012-2013 (Compl. ¶ 156(n),(o));
(6) discrimination and retaliation based on diminishment of responsibilities and duties (Compl.
¶ 156(d)); (7) retaliation based on journal-tampering investigation (Compl. ¶ 156(f));
(8) retaliation based on temporary suspension of telework arrangement (Compl. ¶ 156(k));
(9) retaliation based on 2014 Notice of Proposed Removal, removal, administrative leave, and
loss of computer access (Compl. ¶ 156(p)-(s)); and (10) discrimination and retaliation based on
constructive discharge (Compl. ¶ 156(t)).
A memorializing Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.
Date: March 24, 2016
/s/
ROSEMARY M. COLLYER
United States District Judge
43