Abbas v. Foreign Policy Group, LLC

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
)
YASSER ABBAS, )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
v. ) Civ. Action No. 12-1565 (EGS)
)
FOREIGN POLICY GROUP, LLC, )
JONATHAN SCHANZER, )
)
Defendant. )
)
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Plaintiff Yasser Abbas brings this defamation action
against Foreign Policy Group and Jonathan Schanzer, the author
of an article that appeared in Foreign Policy Magazine in June
2012. Pending before the Court are defendants’ motion to
dismiss pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) and
special motion to dismiss pursuant to the District of Columbia
Anti-Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation Act of 2010
(the “Anti-SLAPP Act”), D.C. Code § 16-5502(a) (2012). Upon
consideration of the motions, the responses and replies thereto,
the amicus brief filed by the District of Columbia, the
applicable law, and the entire record, the Court GRANTS
1
defendants’ special motion to dismiss and DENIES defendants’
motion to dismiss pursuant to rule 12(b)(6) as moot. 1
I. BACKGROUND
A. Yasser Abbas
Yasser Abbas (“Plaintiff” or “Mr. Abbas”) is the son of
Mahmoud Abbas (“M. Abbas”), the President of the Palestinian
Authority (the “PA”). Compl. ¶ 9. He owns and operates many
businesses throughout the Middle East: he is the chairman of
Falcon Holding Group, which owns Falcon Global
Telecommunications Services Company, Falcon General Investment
Company, and Falcon Electrical Mechanical Company, an
engineering company with offices in Gaza, Jordan, Qatar, the
United Arab Emirates, and the West Bank that has done work for
USAID in the past, Compl. ¶¶ 21, 28; he is the owner of Falcon
Tobacco, Compl. ¶ 16; he is the chairman of the publicly traded
Al-Mashreq Insurance Company, Compl. ¶ 31; and he is the
managing director of the First Option Project Construction
Management Company, which has offices in Amman, Tunis, Cairo,
Montenegro, and Ramallah and has been awarded USAID funds.
Compl. ¶ 32.
Mr. Abbas also serves as a political emissary for his
father’s regime, and often travels to other countries and
1
Because granting the Anti-SLAPP motion disposes of the entire
action, the Court need not consider the motion to dismiss
pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) here.
2
international meetings in this capacity. Anti-SLAPP Mot. at 9-
10 (citing Anti-SLAPP Mot., Jones Decl. Ex. 15, 16, 17, 18). He
has previously acknowledged that his political involvement in
the Palestinian Authority and his business success have
engendered controversy. See, e.g. Anti-SLAPP Mot., Jones Decl.
Ex. 6, Excerpts from an interview with Yasser Abbas in Ramallah
(“Yasser Abbas Interview”), Part 3. Over the last few years,
many questions have been raised about whether his business
success and political ties are linked, though he has
systematically denied any such allegations. Anti-SLAPP Mot. at
11-12; see, e.g., Jones Decl., Ex. 24 (Ike Seamans, What do
Palestinians Do With Humanitarian Aid Money?, THE MIAMI HERALD,
Jan. 25, 2003, at 7B (“Israeli military intelligence charges
that Yasser Arafat and his cronies have $20 billion stashed in
Swiss bank accounts and invested in foreign real estate. With
PA financial help, Yasser Abbas, the prime minister’s son,
joined the gravy train. He has gained control of the
electronics industry, even though he’s a Canadian citizen who
lives in Ramallah only a few months a year.”)); see also Jones
Decl., Ex. 21, 22, 25, 26.
As public scrutiny over his business and political activity
has increased, Mr. Abbas has used the threat of defamation
litigation to counter bad press. Anti-SLAPP Mot. at 14-15.
Between 2008 and 2010, Mr. Abbas and his family have filed
3
defamation lawsuits or threatened to sue for libel on three
separate occasions against an Israeli television channel,
Reuters, and Al-Jazeera. Id. Mr. Abbas has also threatened to
sue Richard Falk, the United Nations Special Rapporteur for the
Palestinian Territories. Id.B. Foreign Policy Magazine and Jonathan Schanzer
Foreign Policy is an online and print publication is a
“forum for ‘international news and opinions’ covering topics on
global politics and economics.” Anti-SLAPP Mot. at 15; Compl. ¶
5. The magazine contains an “Arguments” section, which is
described as: “Polemical, controversial, and powerful, FP
arguments provide timely insight on stories making headlines
around the world.” Anti-SLAPP Mot. at 16. Foreign Policy also
publishes FP Arabic on a bimonthly basis in partnership with the
Gulf Strategic Studies Center in Qatar, which contains
translated pieces from Foreign Policy and is distributed in the
Middle East. Compl. ¶ 7.
Jonathan Schanzer is the Vice President for Research at the
Foundation for Defense of Democracies (“FDD”), a non-partisan
group that focuses on national security and foreign policy.
Anti-SLAPP Mot., Declaration of Jonathan Schanzer (“Schanzer
Decl.”) at ¶ 1. Prior to joining FDD, Mr. Schanzer worked as a
terrorism finance analyst at the U.S. Department of the Treasury
and at several other U.S. think tanks. He has also published
4
two books about Hamas and the Middle East and regularly
publishes articles in American and international publications,
including Foreign Policy. Schanzer Decl. ¶¶ 2-5. Mr. Schanzer
has also testified before Congress twice regarding the issue of
corruption in the PA. 2 See Compl. ¶¶ 56-77.
C. The June 5, 2012 Commentary in Foreign Policy Magazine
On June 5, 2012, an article (the “Commentary”) written by
Mr. Schanzer was published in Foreign Policy magazine. Compl. ¶
10. The article is entitled “The Brothers Abbas: Are the sons
of the Palestinian President growing rich off their father’s
system?” and appeared in the “Arguments” section of the
magazine. It can be accessed by clicking on the “Arguments”
link on the FP website. Id.; Defs.’ MTD, Ex. A. In the
introduction of the article, Mr. Schanzer writes:
In the wake of the Arab Spring, U.S. leaders have promised
to reverse the United States’ long reliance on autocratic,
unrepresentative leaders who enrich themselves at the
expense of their citizens. There’s only one problem: Just
as top American officials have been making these lofty
promises, new details are emerging of how close family
members of Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas, a major U.S.
partner in the Middle East, have grown wealthy. Have they
enriched themselves at the expense of regular Palestinians
– and even U.S. taxpayers?
2
Mr. Abbas describes Mr. Schanzer’s Congressional testimony in
the Complaint as evidence of malice on the part of Mr. Schanzer.
Because the Court finds that contested portions of the
Commentary are not defamatory, see infra Section II.C.2, the
Court does not reach the question of malice on the part of
Defendants.
5
Defs.’ MTD, Ex. A at 2. Mr. Schanzer then discusses Mr. Abbas,
his family, and their business and political interests. 3
Mr. Schanzer does not paint Mr. Abbas or his family in a
particularly flattering light. He writes of allegations of
corruption in the PA and the “conspicuous wealth” of Mr. Abbas
and his brother, which Mr. Schanzer claims has “become a source
of quiet controversy in Palestinian society since at least
2009.” Defs.’ MTD, Ex. A. He also details allegations made by
some in the region against Mr. Abbas and his family, including
an allegation by Mohammad Rachid, a former economic advisor to
the late PA leader Yasir Arafat who is under investigation for
corruption, that President Abbas has “socked away $100 million
in ill-gotten gains.” Defs.’ MTD, Ex. A at 2; Compl. ¶ 14. He
also discusses conversations he had with Palestinians during a
3
In his Complaint, Mr. Abbas alleged that a number of statements
in the Commentary regarding his business interests and political
activity were libelous. See Compl. ¶¶ 14, 16, 21, 22, 28, 30,
32, 35, 37, 39, 41. However, in his Opposition, Mr. Abbas
considerably narrowed his libel claim and conceded that “the
article’s reference to these businesses is not the basis for
[his] libel claim.” Opp’n to MTD at 10. In their motion to
dismiss, Defendants addressed these statements and argued that
they were not defamatory. See Defs.’ MTD at 15-21. Therefore,
the Court will treat any allegations of libel relating to these
portions of the Commentary in Plaintiff’s complaint as conceded.
See Hopkins v. Women’s Div., Gen. Bd. of Global Ministries, 284
F. Supp. 2d 15, 25 (D.D.C. 2003) (“It is well disputed in this
Circuit that when a plaintiff files an opposition to a
dispositive motion and addresses only certain arguments raised
by the defendant, a court may treat those arguments that the
plaintiff failed to address as conceded.”) (citing FDIC v.
Bender, 127 F.3d 58, 67-68 (D.C. Cir. 1997)).
6
research trip to Ramallah in 2011, who told him that “the Abbas
family dynasty is common knowledge” in the region, but that it
was rarely discussed “thanks to growing fear of retribution by
PA security officers, who have apprehended journalists and
citizens for openly challenging President Abbas’s authority.
Defs.’ MTD, Ex. A at 3; Compl. ¶ 37. The online version of the
article contains approximately 31 highlighted words or phrases
that are hyperlinks to the underlying source material for
statements made in the article, which include articles from
other publications and company websites. 4 Anti-SLAPP Mot. at
17.
Within a week of the publication of Mr. Schanzer’s
Commentary in Foreign Policy, Mr. Abbas threatened to sue the
magazine in an interview with a Palestinian news agency. Anti-
SLAPP Mot. at 17. On July 23, 2012, Mr. Abbas’s London-based
counsel sent Foreign Policy a letter asking it to remove the
Commentary from its website and retract those portions of the
Commentary that he alleged were defamatory or false. Id.Foreign Policy responded in a letter dated August 6, 2012,
explaining that it did not read Mr. Abbas’s complaints as
alleging anything defamatory or materially false in the
Commentary, and offering to clarify facts in the article if Mr.
4
The bolded words in excerpts of the Commentary in this opinion
represent hyperlinks in the on-line version.
7
Abbas provided the basis to do so. Foreign Policy also offered
Mr. Abbas the opportunity to respond in print. Id. Through his
counsel, Mr. Abbas declined and filed this action on September
20, 2012. Id. at 18. On November 5, 2012 defendants filed a
motion to dismiss pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) and a
special motion to dismiss pursuant to the District’s Anti-SLAPP
Act. The District of Columbia moved for leave to file an amicus
curiae brief, which the Court granted. The District filed an
amicus brief on December 22, 2012 arguing that the Anti-SLAPP
Act is applicable in a federal court sitting in diversity.
These motions are now ripe for determination by the Court.
II. Discussion
A. The Anti-SLAPP Act
A SLAPP, or strategic lawsuit against public participation,
is a civil action that arises out of a defendant’s
communications to government bodies or the public on an issue of
public concern. See Brief of Amicus Curiae District of Columbia
(“D.C. Amicus Brief”) at 1. The District’s Committee on Public
Safety and the Judiciary has noted that SLAPPs “are often
without merit, but achieve their filer’s intention of punishing
or preventing opposing points of view, resulting in a chilling
effect on the exercise of constitutionally protected rights.”
Rep. of the D.C. Comm. on Public Safety and the Judiciary on
Bill 18-893 (Nov. 19, 2010) (“Comm. Report”)) at 4. By imposing
8
upon defendants the burden of defending against a lawsuit, the
Committee concluded that “litigation itself is the plaintiff’s
weapon of choice,” Comm. Report at 4, one that was “wielded to
chill the speech of those who would otherwise speak out on a
matter of public interest,” D.C. Amicus Brief at 1. The
Committee also found that the impact of these lawsuits was not
limited to defendants against whom a suit had been filed, but
also prevented others from voicing concerns regarding issues of
public concern. Comm. Report at 4.
To combat this problem, the Council passed the Anti-SLAPP
Act in 2010. The protections offered in the Act “follow[] ‘the
lead of other jurisdictions, which have similarly extended
absolute or qualified immunity to individuals engaged in
protected actions’” by enacting similar Anti-SLAPP legislation.
Farah, 863 F. Supp. 2d at 36 (quoting Comm. Report at 4). The
Act aims to address such concerns “by incorporating substantive
rights that allow a defendant to more expeditiously, and more
equitably, dispense of a SLAPP.” Id.
To that end, the Anti-SLAPP Act provides in pertinent part:
(a) A party may file a special motion to dismiss any claim
arising from an act in furtherance of the right of advocacy
on issues of public interest within 45 days after service
of the claim.
(b) If a party filing a special motion to dismiss under
this section makes a prima facie showing that the claim at
issue arises from an act in furtherance of the right of
advocacy on issues of public interest, then the motion
9
shall be granted unless the responding party demonstrates
that the claim is likely to succeed on the merits, in which
case the motion shall be denied.
D.C. Code § 16-5502(a)-(b). The Act also provides that “[i]f
the special motion to dismiss is granted, dismissal shall be
with prejudice.” Id. That is, if the defendant meets the
burden of showing that the claims at issue arise from the type
of activity protected by the Act, the claims must be dismissed
with prejudice unless plaintiff can show a likelihood of success
on the merits.
The Act applies to claims based on any oral or written
statement made:
(i) In connection with an issue under consideration or
review by a legislative, executive, or judicial body, or
any other official proceeding authorized by law; or
(ii) In a place open to the public or a public forum in
connection with an issue of public interest.
D.C. Code § 16-5501(1)(A). It applies to “[a]ny other
expression or expressive conduct that involves petitioning the
government or communicating views to members of the public in
connection with an issue of public interest.” Id. An “issue of
public interest” is defined as one that is “related to health or
safety; environmental, economic, or community well-being; the
District government; a public figure; or a good, product, or
service in the marketplace.” Pursuant to the Act, an “issue of
public interest” “shall not be construed to include private
10
interests, such as statements directed primarily toward
protecting the speaker’s commercial interests rather than toward
commenting on or sharing information about a matter of public
significance.” Id. § 16-5501(3).
In construing the Act, the Court cannot rely on guidance
from the D.C. Court of Appeals, which has not yet issued a
published opinion interpreting the statute. Where, as here,
“the substantive law of the forum state is uncertain or
ambiguous, the job of federal courts is carefully to predict how
the highest court of the forum state would resolve the
uncertainty or ambiguity.” Travelers Ins. Co. v. 633 Third
Assocs., 14 F.3d 114, 119 (2d. Cir. 1994). With this in mind,
the Court notes that the Committee Report prepared on the Anti-
SLAPP Act emphasized that the statute “followed the model set
forth in a number of other jurisdictions.” Comm. Report at 1.
The D.C. Court of Appeals has accorded great weight to such
reports in interpreting other D.C. statutes. See, e.g. Dist. of
Columbia v. Place, 892 A.2d 1008, 1113 (D.C. 2006); Carter v.
State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 808 A.2d 466, 471 (D.C. 2002).
Therefore, where necessary and appropriate, the Court will look
to decisions from other jurisdictions (particularly California,
which has a well-developed body of case law interpreting a
similar California statute) for guidance in predicting how the
11
D.C. Court of appeals would interpret the District’s Anti-SLAPP
statute. See Boley, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 88494 at *8-9.
B. Applicability of the Anti-SLAPP Act in Federal
Diversity Actions
The parties dispute whether the District’s Anti-SLAPP Act
applies in a federal court sitting in diversity. Defendants
contend that because the Act confers substantive protections
under the District’s tort law, it is applicable in federal
court. Anti-SLAPP Mot. at 21; D.C. Amicus Brief at 5-6.
Plaintiff, however, argues that the Anti-SLAPP Act is procedural
and thus inapplicable because a federal court must apply federal
procedural laws. See Erie R.R. Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U.S. 64(1938); Anti-SLAPP Opp’n at 3-9.
While the applicability of the Anti-SLAPP Act in a federal
court sitting in diversity has not been addressed by the D.C.
Circuit, other circuits have found that similar state statutes
apply in federal court. See Godin v. Schencks, 629 F.3d 79 (1st
Cir. 2010); U.S. ex rel. Newsham v. Lockheed Missiles & Space
Co., 190 F.3d 963 (9th Cir. 1999); Henry v. Lake Charles Am.
Press, LLC, 566 F.3d 164 (5th Cir. 2009) (adopting the reasoning
of the 9th Circuit in Newsham and ruling that a similar
Louisiana statute was substantive and therefore applied in a
federal court).
12
Most recently, the First Circuit confronted the issue of
whether a Maine Anti-SLAPP statute applied in federal court in
Godin v. Schencks on an interlocutory appeal from a denial of a
special motion to dismiss pursuant to the Anti-SLAPP statute.
629 F.3d 79. Plaintiff in Godin, a former public school
principal, brought a defamation action against three school
system officials because they had expressed their view that she
had acted abusively toward students at her school. 629 F.3d at
80-81. The individual defendants filed a special motion to
dismiss under Maine’s Anti-SLAPP statute in the district court,
which ruled that the statute conflicted with Rules 12 and 56,
and therefore did not apply in federal court. Id. at 81-82.
The First Circuit reversed the decision of the district court,
considering whether the “federal rule is ‘sufficiently broad to
control the issue before the court,’” and finding that it was
not. Id. at 86-87 (citing Shady Grove Orthopedic Assocs., P.A.
v. Allstate Ins. Co., 130 S. Ct. 1431, 1451 (2010) (Stevens, J.,
concurring)). The court held that “neither Fed. R. Civ. P.
12(b)(6) nor Fed. R. Civ. P. 56, on a straightforward reading of
its language, was meant to control the particular issues under
[the Anti-SLAPP statute] before the district court” and
therefore did not reach the question of whether the Rules
12(b)(6) and 56 comply with the Rules Enabling Act. Id. at 86.
The Court also concluded that the twin aims of Erie –
13
“discouragement of forum-shopping and avoidance of inequitable
administration of the laws,” Hanna v. Plumer, 380 U.S. 460, 468
(1965), would be “best served by enforcement of [the Anti-SLAPP
Act] in federal court,” Godin, 629 F.3d at 87. After
distinguishing both Rules 12(b)(6) and 56 from the Maine
statute, the Court found that “[b]ecause [the Anti-SLAPP
statute] is ‘so intertwined with a state right or remedy that it
functions to define the scope of the state-created right,’ it
cannot be displaced by Rule 12(b)(6) or Rule 56.” Id. at 89(quoting Shady Grove, 130 S. Ct. at 1452 (Stevens, J.,
concurring)).
Two recent decisions by this Court have also followed the
reasoning of the First Circuit in Godin as well as the other
Circuits that have considered the applicability of state Anti-
SLAPP legislation in federal courts. See Boley v. Atlantic
Monthly Group, No. 13-89, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 88494 (June 25,
2013); Farah v. Esquire Magazine, Inc., 863 F. Supp. 2d 29(D.D.C. 2012); see also Sherrod v. Breitbart, 843 F. Supp. 2d
83, 85 (D.D.C. 2012) (noting that the District’s Anti-SLAPP
statute “is substantive – or at the very least, has substantive
consequences” that would make it applicable in federal court);
but see 3M Co. v. Boulter, 842 F. Supp. 2d. 85 (D.D.C. 2012)
(finding that the D.C. Anti-SLAPP Act cannot apply in federal
court because it is procedural, and therefore, conflicts with
14
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 12 and 56). And, the D.C.
Circuit recently upheld a district court decision denying a
special motion to dismiss pursuant to the District’s Anti-SLAPP
Act because the motion was not filed within the 45-day limit
proscribed by the Act. Sherrod v. Breitbart, No. 11-7088, 2013
U.S. App. LEXIS 12959 (June 25, 2013). Though the Circuit did
not address the applicability of the District statute to a
federal court sitting in diversity, implicit in its holding that
defendant had failed to file its motion within the statutory
time frame is the conclusion that the statute applies in federal
court. Id. at *12-13. This Court is persuaded by those
Circuits that have held that similar statutes do apply in
federal court.
C. Merits of Defendants’ Motion
1. Prima Facie Showing of Protected Activity
In order to prevail on their Anti-SLAPP Act motion,
defendants must make a “prima facie showing that the claim at
issue arises from an act in furtherance of the right of advocacy
on issues of public interest.” D.C. Code § 16-5502(b). The
Court finds that defendants have made that showing here.
Defendants have shown that the Commentary and Mr.
Schanzer’s statements are protected under several provisions of
the Anti-SLAPP Act. As an initial matter, the Commentary
qualifies as a written statement made “[i]n a place open to the
15
public or a public forum in connection with an issue of public
interest.” Id. § 16-5501(1)(A)(ii). FP’s website is a “place
open to the public,” because anyone with a working internet
connection or access to one can view it. See Boley, 2013 U.S.
Dist. LEXIS 88494, at *10 (finding that the website of The
Atlantic was a “place open to the public”); Farah, 863 F. Supp.
2d at 38 (holding that statements in an internet blog posting
were “made in a ‘place open to the public or a public forum’”)
(quoting § 16-5501(1)(A)).
Mr. Schanzer’s statements regarding Mr. Abbas concerned an
issue of public interest because, contrary to Plaintiff’s
assertions, he is a “public figure.” See § 16-5501(3).
Although the Anti-SLAPP Act does not define the term “public
figure,” it is a term of art in the context of Plaintiff’s
defamation action. There are two types of public figures:
“general purpose and limited purpose public figures.”
Tavoulareas v. Piro, 817 F.2d 762, 772 (D.C. Cir. 1987) (en
banc). “A person becomes a general purpose public figure only
if he or she is a well-known celebrity, his name a household
word.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted). However, “[f]ew
people attain the general notoriety that would make them public
figures for all purposes.” Waldbaum v. Fairchild Publn’s, Inc.,
627 F.2d 1287, 1296 (D.C. Cir. 1980). Instead, “public figures
for the more limited purpose of certain issues or situations”
16
are much more common. Tavoulareas, 817 F.2d at 772. If “an
individual voluntarily injects himself or is drawn into a
particular public controversy[, he] thereby becomes a public
figure for a limited range of issues.” Gertz v. Robert Welch,
Inc., 418 U.S. 323, 351 (1974).
Though Mr. Abbas has not achieved the kind of ubiquity or
notoriety to be considered a general purpose public figure, he
is a limited purpose public figure. The Court is not persuaded
by Mr. Abbas’s argument that he cannot be considered a limited
purpose public figure “by virtue of defending himself from the
slanderous claims by the controversy maker.” Opp’n to MTD at
13. As defendants explain, Mr. Abbas has “voluntarily thrust
himself into a role of prominence in both Palestinian politics
and the controversy surrounding his wealth.” Defs.’ MTD at 24.
He explains in his Complaint that he accompanies his father on
official trips, and that he travels as a special envoy “for the
benefit of the Palestinians and the Palestinian cause.” Compl.
¶ 40. In the Complaint, Mr. Abbas also describes his role in
the repatriation of the Palestinian National Fund, in “ensuring
the resumption of US and Canadian aid to the UN Relief and Works
Agency for Palestinian Refugees,” and in providing financial
assistance to Palestinian students and those Palestinians freed
from Israeli jails. Id. ¶ 43. In the past, Mr. Abbas has
openly discussed his wealth; indeed, he has claimed that 25
17
percent of his income went to the PA budget. Defs.’ MTD, Ex. I
at 2. He has also claimed that the PA owes him a great deal of
money, but that he could not use his influence and status to
collect the debt in order to avoid being accused of exploiting
his father’s position. Id. Under these circumstances, Mr.
Abbas cannot reasonably claim that he has no role in the
controversy apart from “simply defending himself against the
slander.” Opp’n to MTD at 13. See Waldbaum, 627 F.2d at 1298(“Those who attempt to affect the result of a particular
controversy have assumed the risk that the press, in covering
the controversy, will examine the major participants with a
critical eye.”).
Further, the question of U.S. aid to the Palestinian
Authority, and the level of corruption in the PA under both
Yasir Arafat and Mahmoud Abbas, is fundamentally a matter of the
public, not private, interest. 5 See Anti-SLAPP Mot. at 5-6. The
5
Mr. Abbas has acknowledged as much in the past. During an
interview in 2008, Mr. Abbas discussed corruption in the context
of the effect of the global financial crisis on the Palestinian
economy:
We don’t accept any kind of corruption claims to us these
days, because the whole economy of the globe, the global
economy, has been knocked down by corruption, either in the
U.S., or in the Gulf, or in Europe, or in maybe Canada, or
just name it . . . . [T]his is the only country that’s
going up, everybody is going down – simply because we have
a limited kind of corruption. We don’t have it anymore.
It’s been limited. Everything is mainly under control. I
cannot say we have 100 percent control on corruption that
18
relationship between the United States and the Palestinian
Authority, and the way that U.S.-appropriated funds are used by
the Palestinian Authority has been debated at length for years.
The question of whether the sons of the President of the
Palestinian Authority are enriching themselves by virtue of
their political ties, and whether some of their wealth can be
traced to U.S. tax dollars is part of that issue. As defendants
point out, numerous publications in the United States and
throughout the world have written extensively about corruption
in the Palestinian Authority generally, and the Abbas family’s
wealth specifically. See Defs.’ MTD at 23-24. Indeed, Mr.
Abbas does not dispute that “there is a public controversy
concerning allegations of corruption within the Palestinian
Authority.” Opp’n to MTD at 13.
Finally, even setting aside whether Mr. Abbas is a “public
figure” or whether the corruption in the Palestinian Authority
is a “public issue,” Mr. Schanzer’s statements while testifying
we had before – no – but I can claim it’s in the 90’s, it’s
in the high 90’s, because it’s not easy for anyone to go
and really start, you know, having any sort of corruption
in any project that comes up. It’s not that easy, it’s not
that easy anymore. Everybody knows that the President is
holding the stick on everybody’s head, ok? And he always
threatens with that stick, so they know. It’s not a joke.
As a result, we don’t accept the corruption slogan anymore.
After the past three months, I can’t accept it. I
personally will attack anyone who talks about the
Palestinian corruption[.]
Anti-SLAPP Mot., Jones Decl., Exhibit 6, at Part 3.
19
before Congress and in the Commentary are “written or oral
statement[s]” made “[i]n connection with an issue under
consideration or review by a legislative, executive, or judicial
body, or any other official proceeding authorized by law.” D.C.
Code § 16-5501(1)(A)(i). Plaintiff concedes that the Commentary
at issue was written after Mr. Schanzer testified before
Congress regarding “the topic of U.S. Aid to Palestinians”
during which he purportedly suggested that it would be a
“worthwhile inquiry [to] explore the way in which Abbas’ sons,
Yasser and Tarek, have accumulated wealth since their father
took office in 2005.” Compl. ¶¶ 57-61.
2. Likelihood of Success on the Merits
Because defendants have made a prima facie showing that Mr.
Abbas’s defamation claim “arises from an act in furtherance of
the right of advocacy on issues of the public interest,” Mr.
Abbas must now show that he is likely to succeed on the merits
of his defamation claim in order to survive defendants’ Anti-
SLAPP motion. D.C. Code § 16-5502(b). The Act does not define
what it means to succeed on the merits, so the Court looks to
relevant case law from California as instructive. There, in
order to show a “probability of prevailing on a claim” in
opposition to an Anti-SLAPP motion to dismiss, a plaintiff “must
satisfy a standard comparable to that used on a motion for
judgment as a matter of law.” Price v. Stossel, 620 F.3d 992,
20
1000 (9th Cir. 2010); see also Arenas v. Shed Media US Inc., 881
F. Supp. 2d 1181, 1188 (C.D. Ca. 2011). Thus, a plaintiff “must
demonstrate that the complaint is legally sufficient and
supported by a prima facie showing of facts to sustain a
favorable judgment if the evidence submitted by the plaintiff is
credited.” Price, 620 F.3d at 1000 (quoting Metabolife Int’l,
Inc. v. Wornick, 264 F.3d 832, 840 (9th Cir. 2001)). If a
“plaintiff fails to present a sufficient legal basis for the
claims or if the evidence offered is insufficiently substantial
to support a judgment in favor of the plaintiff, then the
defendant’s anti-SLAPP motion should be granted.” Arenas, 881
F. Supp. 2d at 1188 (citing Price, 620 F.3d at 1000).
To prevail on his defamation claim under District of
Columbia law, Mr. Abbas must show:
(1) that the defendant made a false and defamatory
statement concerning the plaintiff; (2) that the defendant
published the statement without privilege to a third party;
(3) that the defendant’s fault in publishing the statement
amounted to at least negligence; and (4) either that the
statement was actionable as a matter of law irrespective of
special harm or that its publication caused the plaintiff
special harm.
Oparaugo v. Watts, 884 A.2d 63, 76 (D.C. 2005) (internal
quotation marks omitted)). “Falsity and defamatory meaning ‘are
distinct elements of . . . defamation and are considered
separately.’” Carpenter v. King, 792 F. Supp. 2d 29, 34 (D.D.C.
2011) (quoting White v. Fraternal Order of Police, 909 F.2d 512,
21
520 (D.C. Cir. 1990). If the plaintiff is a public figure, he
faces a higher burden, and must show, by clear and convincing
evidence, that a defendant published the allegedly defamatory
statements with “‘actual malice’—that is, without knowledge that
it was false or with reckless disregard of whether it was false
of not.” New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254, 280
(1964); see also Masson v. New Yorker Magazine, Inc., 501 U.S.
496, 510 (1991).
To show falsity, a plaintiff “must demonstrate either that
the statement is factual and untrue, or an opinion based
implicitly on facts that are untrue.” Carpenter, 792 F. Supp.
2d at 34 (quoting Lane v. Random House, 985 F. Supp. 141, 150
(D.D.C. 1995)). A statement is defamatory “if it tends to
injure plaintiff in his trade, profession or community standing,
or lower him in the estimation of the community.” Liberty
Lobby, Inc. v. Dow Jones & Co., 838 F.2d 1287, 1293-94 (D.C.
Cir. 1998) (quoting Howard Univ. v. Best, 484 A.2d 958, 988
(D.C. 1984)). The statement “must be more than unpleasant or
offensive; the language must make the plaintiff appear ‘odious,
infamous, or ridiculous.’” Best, 484 A.2d at 989 (quoting
Johnson v. Johnson Publ’g Co., 271 A.2d 696, 697 (D.C. 1970).
“The plaintiff has the burden of proving the defamatory nature
of [the challenged] publication, . . . and the publication must
be considered as a whole, in the sense in which it would be
22
understood by the readers to whom it was addressed.” Id. Words
should be given their plain and natural meaning, and “the
statements at issue should not be interpreted by extremes, but
should be construed as the average or common mind would
naturally understand them.” Klayman v. Segal, 783 A.2d 607, 616
(D.C. 2001). Whether an allegedly defamatory statement is
capable of defamatory meaning is a question of law. Weyrich v.
New Republic, Inc., 235 F.3d 617, 627 (D.C. Cir. 2001).
As noted in footnote 3 supra, Mr. Abbas has considerably
narrowed his defamation claim in his Opposition to Defendants’
Motion to Dismiss. He now contends that he does not contest
portions of the Commentary that relate to his business
interests. Mr. Abbas explains that
the principal allegations supporting [his] libel claim are
the paragraphs concerning the article’s [] libelous
questions, the allegations that the article purports to
provide ‘new details’ regarding those libelous questions,
and the allegations concerning the information provided by
Mr. Schanzer’s unidentified sources, which are the only
‘new details’ used by Mr. Schanzer to support the libelous
implication of his libelous questions—namely, that [he] has
wrongfully enriched himself at the expense of regular
Palestinians and even U.S. taxpayers.
Opp’n to MTD at 12.
Defendants argue that these challenged portions of the
Commentary are not actionable because: (1) the purportedly
“libelous questions” are unanswered questions, not statements of
fact, and to the extent that the questions imply anything, they
23
imply a non-actionable opinion; and (2) the purported “new
details” that Plaintiff objects to are not capable of defamatory
meaning because they are not of and concerning him. Defs.’
Reply to MTD at 3. In response, Mr. Abbas argues that the
Commentary is a “reporting piece, not a mere opinion piece.”
Plaintiff’s Opp’n to MTD at 9 (emphasis in original).
a. “Libelous Questions”
i. The Two Questions are Rhetorical, and
Are Not Assertions of Fact
Mr. Abbas contends that the Commentary poses two “libelous
questions:” (1) “Are the sons of the Palestinian president
growing rich off their father’s system?; and (2) “Have they
enriched themselves at the expense of regular Palestinians—and
even U.S. taxpayers?” Plaintiff’s Opp’n to MTD at 6; Compl. ¶¶
10, 13; Defs.’ MTD, Ex. A, at 3. Mr. Abbas alleges that these
questions “may be read as assertions of false fact that [he] is
wrongfully and possibly criminally getting rich off his
‘father’s system.’” Plaintiff’s Opp’n at 6-7. Purportedly,
these questions ask “those he works with and all the world to
wonder if plaintiff has ‘enriched’ himself ‘at the expense of
regular Palestinians – and even U.S. taxpayers.’” Compl. ¶ 49.
Defendants argue that “the Commentary merely posed questions,
without stating or implying as factual matter that Plaintiff was
guilty of criminal or corrupt conduct, and Plaintiff has wholly
24
mischaracterized the Commentary in an effort to suggest
otherwise.” Defs.’ Reply to MTD at 1.
A statement challenged as defamatory, regardless of whether
it is posed as a question, cannot be libelous unless it can
reasonably be read as a false assertion of fact. See Chapin v.
Knight-Ridder, Inc., 993 F.2d 1087, 1094 (4th Cir. 1993).
“[I]nquiry itself, however embarrassing or unpleasant to the
subject, is not accusation.” Id. In Chapin, the court
considered an article published in the Philadelphia Inquirer
that questioned the finances of a charity program run by
plaintiff through which people could send gift packages to
soldiers stationed in Saudi Arabia. Id. at 1091. In one
purportedly defamatory section of the article, the author posed
a question regarding plaintiff’s involvement in the charity:
“Who will benefit more from the project – GIs or veteran charity
entrepreneur Roger Chapin of San Diego and Falls Church, Va.,
the organizer of the campaign?” Id. at 1093-94. While
acknowledging that the question was “pointed, and could
certainly arouse a reader’s suspicion,” the court ruled that it
could not “reasonably be read to imply the assertion of the
false and defamatory fact – pocket-lining – of which plaintiffs
complain.” Id. at 1094. Instead, the court held that the
“question simply provokes public scrutiny of the plaintiffs’
activities.” Id. Plaintiff also challenged another portion of
25
the article in which the author wrote, “it is not clear where
the rest of the money goes.” Id. at 1095. The court held that
the author was not making a false assertion, but rather was
“invit[ing] the public to ask.” Id. at 1096. That one of the
possible answers to that question was that “Chapin is a
dishonest man who pockets the difference” did not make the
statement defamatory, and according to the court, was “precisely
why we need and must permit a free press to ask the question.”
Id.Other courts that have considered whether a question can
support a defamation claim have reached a similar conclusion.
In Partington v. Bugliosi, the court considered whether a
rhetorical question regarding an attorney’s trial strategy was
capable of defamatory meaning. 56 F.3d 1147, 1155 (9th Cir.
1995). In the passage at issue, the author, an attorney for a
co-defendant in the same trial, asked: “Had Walker’s lawyer not
read the theft-trial transcripts? Our copy had ended up in a
warehouse; perhaps theirs had too.” Id. (emphasis in original).
The court held that the statement did not imply that plaintiff
had not read the transcripts and therefore did not adequately
represent his client. Id. at 1156. In rejecting plaintiff’s
assertion that the statement was defamatory, the court explained
that “the rhetorical device used by [the defendant] negates the
impression that his statement implied a false assertion of
26
fact.” Id. at 1157. Instead, the author’s use of a question
made clear his lack of definitive knowledge and invited the
reader to consider various possibilities. Id. See also Phantom
Touring, Inc. v. Affiliated Publ’ns, 953 F.2d 724, 730 (1st Cir.
1992) (holding that statements in a series of articles published
in the Boston Globe, including a rhetorical question regarding
whether plaintiff was “trying to score off the success of Andrew
Lloyd Webber’s ‘Phantom,’” were not defamatory because they
“reasonably could be understood only as [the author’s] personal
conclusion about the information presented, not as a statement
of fact”) 6.
Similarly, the two questions posed in the Commentary cannot
reasonably be read to imply the meaning that Mr. Abbas alleges –
that he “is wrongfully and possibly criminally getting rich off
of his ‘father’s system’” or that he is enriching himself “at
the expense of regular Palestinians and even U.S. taxpayers” –
nor can they be read to imply the assertion of objective facts.
Opp’n to MTD at 6-7, 12. Though the conclusions Mr. Abbas draws
6
The Court is not persuaded by Mr. Abbas’ attempts to
distinguish Phantom Touring on the ground that the entirety of
the Commentary “conveys the impression that the author is
reporting a fact-based news item.” Opp’n to MTD at 7-8. The
Phantom court concluded that the challenged statements,
including that the production was “fake” and “phony,” were not
defamatory because “[t]he sum effect of the format, tone and
entire content of the articles is to make it unmistakably clear
that [the author] was expressing a point of view only.” 953
F.2d at 729. For the reasons explained in Section II.C.2.b
infra, the same is true here.
27
are possible answers to the questions posed by Mr. Schanzer, the
questions invite the reader to form her own judgments regarding
the relationship between Mr. Abbas’s family ties and his
admittedly great wealth. The reader could arrive at a number of
different conclusions, a fact that Mr. Abbas acknowledges in his
own complaint. See Compl. ¶ 49 (alleging that the Commentary
asks “those he works with and all the world to wonder if
plaintiff has ‘enriched’ himself at the expense of ‘regular
Palestinians – and even U.S. taxpayers’”). That Mr. Abbas would
prefer that readers do not answer the questions in the
affirmative is not sufficient to support his defamation claim.
Indeed, the invitation in the Commentary for the reader to form
her own opinion is not libel, rather it “is the paradigm of a
properly functioning press.” Chapin, 993 F.2d at 1096.
ii. The Questions Imply an Opinion, Not a
Fact
Even if the two questions posed by Mr. Schanzer were
capable of defamatory meaning, they are statements of opinion
protected by the First Amendment because they do not contain a
provably false connotation. See Milkovich v. Lorain Journal
Co., 497 U.S. 1, 21 (1990). Where the factual basis for a
conclusion is outlined in the article, or, as is the case here,
for the questions, those statements are protected by the First
Amendment. See Moldea v. New York Times Co., 22 F.3d 310, 318
28
(D.C. Cir. 1994) (holding that where “the readers understand
that [] supported opinions represent the writer’s interpretation
of the facts presented, and because the reader is free to draw
his or her own conclusions based upon the facts, this type of
statement is not actionable in defamation”). In distinguishing
opinions from assertions of fact, the court can consider the
language used, the context of the language, and the extent to
which the language can be verified. Ollman v. Evans, 750 F.2d
970, 979 (D.C. Cir. 1984) (en banc).
First, the rhetorical questions in the Commentary are
supported by facts provided in article as well as hyperlinked
source material in the form of articles in other publications,
company websites, and interviews given by the plaintiff. All of
this serves to put the reader on notice that the piece is one of
opinion. Ollman, 750 F.2d at 987-88. Second, like the op-ed
piece at issue in Ollman, the Commentary appeared in the
“Arguments” section of the FP website. That page is described
as “[p]olemical, controversial, and powerful,” and aims to
provide “timely insight on stories making headlines around the
world.” MTD at 10. It is reasonable to assume that the
“Arguments” section of FP is one in which readers expect to find
analytical and opinionated pieces that reflect a particular
viewpoint. See, e.g. Moldea, 22 F.3d at 313 (noting that a book
review is a “forum in which readers expect to find such
29
evaluations” of a literary work). Moreover, writing like that
in the Commentary is “[a]t the heart of the First Amendment,”
which recognizes the “fundamental importance of the free flow of
ideas and opinions on matters of public interest and concern.”
Hustler Magazine, Inc. v. Falwell, 485 U.S. 46, 50 (1988). This
recognition has been vigorously upheld in the District of
Columbia:
If the First Amendment’s guarantees of freedom of speech
and of the press are to ensure that these rights are
meaningful not simply on paper, but also in the practical
context of their exercise, then a[n] Op-Ed column
discussing a subject of public interest must surely be
accorded a high level of protection, lest the expression of
critical opinions be chilled. This is so because “[t]he
reasonable reader who peruses [a] column on the editorial
or Op-Ed page is fully aware that the statements found
there are not ‘hard’ news like those printed on the front
page or elsewhere [in the magazine]. Readers expect that
columnists will make strong statements, sometimes phrased
in a polemical manner that would hardly be considered
balanced or fair elsewhere in the [magazine].”
Guilford Transp. Industries, Inc. v. Wilner, 760 A.2d 580, 582-
83 (D.C. 2000) (quoting Ollman, 750 F.2d at 986).
In in an attempt to demonstrate that the two questions
posed by Mr. Schanzer are defamatory and not merely statements
of opinion, Mr. Abbas argues that “[t]hey do, in fact, contain
provably false factual connotations” because “whether he is
growing rich from alleged corruption in the Palestinian
Authority is certainly a provable fact by investigating
Plaintiff’s relevant financial records.” Opp’n to MTD at 9.
30
However, Mr. Abbas seeks to reframe his defamation claim, and
indeed the subject matter of the article, in trying to defend
his point. The questions the Commentary purportedly answers is
whether Mr. Abbas and his brother are growing rich off their
father’s political power and connections, not whether they are
growing rich as a result of generalized corruption in the
Palestinian Authority. See generally, Defs.’ MTD, Ex. A; see
also Opp’n to MTD at 10. Nevertheless, even the relationship
between Mr. Abbas’s business success and corruption in the PA
were at issue in the Commentary, as defendants argue, “[g]iven
the myriad of factors that may have contributed to Plaintiff’s
wealth—his education, his experience, his skill, and indeed, his
connections and opportunities—it would be impossible to prove
that Plaintiff grew wealthy solely because of his father” or
solely by virtue of corruption in the Palestinian Authority.
Defs.’ MTD at 10; see also Volm v. Legacy Health Sys., Inc., 237
F. Supp. 2d 1166, 1178 (D. Or. 2002) (finding that the question
“[w]ould you want to go to a hospital where they did not
thoroughly check out the people who would be administering
medical care to you?,” which was posed to a patient of the
practice, was not an assertion of objective fact because it was
a rhetorical question not “capable of being proven true or
false”).
31
While there is no “wholesale exemption from liability in
defamation for statements of ‘opinion,’” the purportedly
libelous questions at issue do not “imply a provably false fact,
or rely upon stated facts that are provably false.” Therefore,
for this additional reason, Mr. Abbas’s defamation claim based
on these questions in the Commentary must fail. 7 Moldea, 22 F.3d
at 313.
7
As Defendants briefly discuss in their motion to dismiss, Mr.
Abbas’ libel claim arising from the rhetorical questions posed
in the Commentary also fails on the basis of the District’s Fair
Comment Privilege. See Defs.’ MTD at 11. “The District of
Columbia has long recognized and accorded the media the
privilege of fair comment on matters of public interest” as long
as the opinions are based on true facts. Phillips v. Evening
Star Newspaper Co., 424 A.2d 78, 88 (D.C. 1980); see Jankovic v.
Int’l Crisis Group, 593 F.3d 22, 29 (D.C. Cir. 2010). The
privilege affords “legal immunity for the honest expression of
opinion on matters of legitimate public interest when based upon
a true or privileged statement of fact.” Milkovich, 497 U.S. at
13 (internal citations omitted). In the District of Columbia,
the fair comment privilege is applicable “even if the facts upon
which [the opinion] is based are not included along with the
opinion.” Fisher v. Washington Post Co., 212 A.2d 335, 338
(D.C. 1965) (internal citations omitted).
Here, it is undisputed that the issue of corruption in the
Palestinian Authority is one of public interest. See Opp’n to
MTD at 13 (“Plaintiff acknowledges that there is a public
controversy concerning allegations of corruption within the
Palestinian Authority.”). The allegedly “libelous questions”
are posed by Mr. Schanzer in the context of an article that
generally discusses that issue in the context of an article
about whether the sons of President Abbas are benefiting from
their family connections. Hyperlinks to the underlying
information upon which Mr. Schanzer is reporting are provided in
the online version of the article. Mr. Schanzer’s questions,
which he does not conclusively answer, are his interpretation of
those underlying facts, an action which is protected by the Fair
Comment Privilege.
32
b. “New Details”
In the Commentary, Mr. Schanzer writes that “new details
are emerging of how close family members of Palestinian leader
Mahmoud Abbas, a major U.S. partner in the Middle East, have
grown wealthy.” Compl. ¶ 13; Defs.’ MTD, Ex. A, at 2. Mr.
Abbas alleges that these “new details” support the conclusion
that he is “enriching himself at the expense of regular
Palestinians—and even U.S. taxpayers.” Opp’n to MTD at 10-11.
He asserts that these new details consist of two things: (1)
allegations by Mohammad Rachid that Mahmoud Abbas has “socked
away $100 million in ill-gotten gains; and (2) a statement that
during a research trip to Ramallah in 2011 “several
Palestinians” told the author that the issue of the Abbas family
dynasty was common knowledge in the PA, but that it was rarely
discussed because of a “growing fear of retribution by PA
security officers, who have apprehended journalists and citizens
for openly challenging President Abbas’s authority.” 8 Opp’n to
MTD at 6. The Court addresses these in turn.
8
It is not clear to the Court that these two things are the “new
details” Mr. Schanzer is referencing in the Commentary, which
relate to “how close family members of Palestinian leader
Mahmoud Abbas . . . have grown wealthy.” Defs.’ MTD, Ex. A at
2. This sentence is followed by a lengthy discussion of Mr.
Abbas’s business interests in the Middle East. Id. at 2-3. For
the reasons set forth in footnote 3 supra, Mr. Abbas has
conceded that the portions of the Commentary detailing his
business interests are not defamatory. Accordingly, the Court
33
Regarding Mohammad Rachid, Mr. Schanzer writes:
[President] Abbas’s wealth recently became a source of
controversy during the investigation of Mohammad Rachid, an
economic advisor to the late Palestinian leader Yasir
Arafat, in a high-profile corruption probe. Last month,
Palestinian officials charged Rachid with siphoning off
millions of dollars in public funds . . . .
According to a former Palestinian advisor, [President]
Abbas holds a grudge against Rachid dating back to the
peace talks during the waning days of the Clinton era. . .
. “There was a huge amount of jealousy,” the former
advisor said.
With his back up against a wall, Rachid has now fired back
at the Palestinian president with claims that Abbas himself
has socked away $100 million in ill-gotten gains.
Defs.’ MTD, Ex. A at 1. Mr. Abbas alleges that Mr. Rachid’s
allegations are untrue, and that Mr. Schanzer uses the
allegations to “link Plaintiff to this lie by his implication
that: ‘The conspicuous wealth of Abbas’s own sons, Yasser and
Tarek, has become a source of quiet controversy in Palestinian
society since at least 2009.’” Compl. ¶ 15.
Plaintiff’s argument fails. As the context of the
statement makes clear, the discussion of Mr. Rachid in the
Commentary, and his allegations of “ill-gotten gains,” relate to
President Mahmoud Abbas, not Plaintiff. As such, these
statements cannot be the basis of any libel claim brought by Mr.
Abbas, because they are not of and concerning him. See N.Y.
does not address them here and for the purposes of resolving the
pending motions, the Court accepts Plaintiff’s characterization
of the “new details” in the Commentary.
34
Times Co., 376 U.S. at 288); Croixland Props. Ltd. P’ship v.
Corcoran, 174 F.3d 213, 216 (D.C. Cir. 1999) (“To satisfy the
‘of and concerning’ element, it suffices that the statements at
issue lead the listener to conclude that the speaker is
referring to plaintiff by description, even if the plaintiff is
never named or misnamed.”). Even if the statement was about
Plaintiff, or if his father brought a libel claim, the statement
is not defamatory because Mr. Rachid’s allegation is not
reported as fact, and is instead put in context, “making it
clear to the reader that Rachid’s statement is merely the latest
in an ongoing exchange of charge and countercharge.” Defs.’ MTD
at 14 n. 7.
Similarly, the second alleged “new detail” is not
defamatory. Mr. Schanzer writes:
On a research trip to Ramallah last year, several
Palestinians told me that the Abbas family dynasty is
common knowledge. However, discussion of the issue rarely
rises above a whisper – thanks to fear of retribution by PA
security officers, who have apprehended journalists and
citizens for openly challenging President Abbas’s
authority.
Defs.’ MTD, Ex. A at 3. Mr. Abbas alleges that “[r]eferences to
what ‘several Palestinians told me’ by defendant Schanzer in the
FP article is no evidence to support the allegation that
Palestinian Authority security officers are being used to
protect plaintiff’s reputation.” Compl. ¶ 38.
35
First, the account of what “several Palestinians” told the
author is support for the statement the Abbas family dynasty is
common knowledge in the PA. It is not defamatory because it is
not an assertion of false fact, or indeed, of any fact. Mr.
Schanzer is reporting on what people in the region have said to
him, and does not otherwise take any position on what he has
heard.
Second, the Commentary does not state, nor does it imply,
that PA security officers are protecting Plaintiff’s reputation;
rather, it suggests that PA security officers are protecting his
father’s authority. There is nothing in the Commentary to
suggest that Plaintiff has any involvement with PA security
officers, or that PA security officers are acting at his
direction. Therefore, the statement is not defamatory because
it is not of and concerning Plaintiff.
III. Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, the Court concludes that the
defendants have made a prima facie showing that Mr. Abbas’s
defamation claim arises from an act in furtherance of the right
of advocacy on issues of the public interest, and that Mr. Abbas
has failed to demonstrate a likelihood of success on the merits
of his defamation claim because the contested statements are
either not capable of defamatory meaning or are protected
statements of opinion. Accordingly, the Defendants’ special
36
motion to dismiss pursuant to the District’s Anti-SLAPP Act is
GRANTED, Defendants’ motion to dismiss pursuant to rule 12(b)(6)
is DENIED as moot, and Plaintiff’s complaint is DISMISSED WITH
PREJUDICE pursuant to the Anti-SLAPP Act. An appropriate Order
accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.
SIGNED: Emmet G. Sullivan
United States District Judge
September 27, 2013
37