United States v. McKeever

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff,
v. Criminal No. 00-250 (CKK)
Civil Action No. 19-2123 (CKK)
RANDY McKEEVER,
Defendant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
(October 21, 2019)
Presently before the Court is Pro Se Defendant Randy McKeever’s [50] Petition Under 28
U.S.C. § 2254 for Writ of Habeas Corpus by a Person in State Custody; and the Government’s
[53] Response to Defendant’s Pro Se Petition.1 Defendant Randy McKeever (“Defendant” or “Mr.
McKeever”) requests this Court to order federal and state prison authorities to allow him to serve
his District of Columbia federal sentence (based on revocation of his supervised release) before
serving the remainder of his State of Maryland sentence. Upon a review of the parties’
submissions, the relevant authorities, and the record as a whole, the Court finds that the Defendant
is not entitled to the requested relief, and the Court shall DENY the relief requested in the
Defendant’s [50] Petition.
1
This Court issued an Order indicating that Defendant’s reply, if any, to the Government’s
response was to be filed by October 7, 2019. See July 3, 2019 Order, ECF No. 51. As of the date
of this Memorandum Opinion, no reply has been received by this Court.
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I. BACKGROUND2
A. Procedural History
On December 5, 2000, Defendant Randy McKeever (“Defendant” or “Mr. McKeever”)
pled guilty to one count of Unlawful Possession of a Firearm or Ammunition by a Convicted Felon.
The Court sentenced Mr. McKeever on June 21, 2001, to 12 months imprisonment, with the term
to run concurrent with Defendant’s imprisonment under any previous state or federal sentence,
followed by three years of supervised release. See June 21, 2001 Minute Order. While the
Defendant was on his supervised release, he was charged with and convicted of voluntary
manslaughter and a firearms count in Maryland, and he was sentenced to a thirty-year term of
imprisonment, which he is currently serving. On June 13, 2008, Magistrate Judge John Facciola
held a revocation hearing on Defendant’s violation of his supervised release, where Defendant
conceded the violation and acknowledged that his Maryland conviction constituted a Grade A
violation. See June 13, 2008 Minute Order. Magistrate Judge Facciola noted that the
recommended Guidelines range for the Defendant was 18 to 24 months, but he recommended that
Mr. McKeever be sentenced to 18 months, and he rejected Defendant’s request that such sentence
be concurrent with the Maryland sentence. See June 17, 2008 Report and Recommendation, ECF
No. 40, at 1.
This Court adopted the Magistrate Judge’s Report and Recommendation on June 26, 2008.
Defendant was sentenced subsequently to 18 months imprisonment relating to his violation of
supervised release, and his sentence was to run consecutively with the Maryland sentence. See
2
The Background section of this Memorandum Opinion reiterates some of the information
contained in the Background section of this Court’s [49] June 26, 2017 Memorandum Opinion.
2
June 26, 2008 Minute Entry. At the time the Defendant was sentenced, the Court acknowledged
that the new sentence could “result in some detainer” while Defendant was serving his Maryland
sentence. June 26, 2008 Sentencing Transcript, ECF No. 47, at 18. The Court elected however to
impose a consecutive sentence on grounds that “there should be a sentence that [Mr. McKeever]
actually serves that relates to this case.” Id. at 8. The Court revoked the Defendant’s supervised
release and sentenced Mr. McKeever to “[e]ighteen (18) months to be served consecutively to any
sentence that the defendant [was] then serving.” July 15, 2008 Judgment and Commitment Order,
ECF No. 41.
On December 20, 2016, this Court granted Defendant leave to file a Letter, in which Mr.
McKeever requested that his 18-month sentence following the revocation of his supervised release
be changed to run concurrently, instead of consecutively, with the sentence he was serving in
Maryland. The Government filed a Response to the Defendant’s Letter on February 17, 2017.
Defendant was afforded the opportunity to file a Reply, but he did not do so. On June 26, 2017,
this Court issued its [48] Order and accompanying [49] Memorandum Opinion whereby the Court
treated the Defendant’s Letter as a motion pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582, and denied the relief
requested by the Defendant.
B. Defendant’s Present Petition
By means of his present Petition, Defendant requests that the Court order federal and state
prison authorities to allow him to serve his 18-month federal sentence prior to serving the
remainder of his State of Maryland sentence. More specifically, Defendant asserts that — as a
jurisdictional matter — the State of Maryland prison authorities should have permitted him to serve
his District of Columbia federal sentence for violation of his supervised release prior to returning
him to the State of Maryland to continue serving his state sentence on the manslaughter and
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firearms charges. Defendant appears to argue that the State of Maryland did not have the
appropriate jurisdiction to require him to serve his Maryland sentence first because this Court “had
1st jurisdiction and should have never released jurisdiction until [Mr. McKeever’s] sentence was
satisfied.” Petition, ECF No. 50, at 14.3
The Government’s Response to Mr. McKeever’s Petition addresses both of Defendant’s
claims: (1) that the State of Maryland should have allowed Mr. McKeever to serve his 18-month
sentence before serving the 30-year Maryland sentence; and (2) that this Court lost jurisdiction
when it sentenced Mr. McKeever on his violation of supervised release but did not permit him to
serve that sentence first. Defendant did not file any Reply to the Government’s Response despite
being allowed the opportunity to do so.
II. ANALYSIS
A. Defendant’s First Claim
Defendant filed a Petition pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254 for a writ of habeas corpus by a
person in state custody,4 and in his Petition, he asserts that the State of Maryland should have
allowed him to complete his 18-month federal sentence before returning him to the State of
Maryland to continue serving his sentence there. The Government contends that this issue is “not
properly raised in a § 2254 petition in the District of Columbia.” Government Response, ECF No.
53, at 4. Federal courts are authorized to issue a writ of habeas corpus “[o]n behalf of a person in
custody pursuant to the judgment of a State court only on the ground that he is in custody in
violation of the Constitution or laws or treaties of the United States.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(a). In this
case, Mr. McKeever is in custody in the State of Maryland pursuant to a judgment of a state court
3
The Court cites to the page number assigned through the Electronic Case Filing system.
4
The Court’s docket entry for ECF 50 refers to it as a “Motion to Vacate under 28 U.S.C. 2255.”
4
in the State of Maryland. The Government suggests that this Court should thus either summarily
deny Defendant’s Petition or alternatively, transfer the Petition to the United States District Court
for the District of Maryland. Prior to summarily denying Defendant’s Petition or ordering a
transfer to the District of Maryland, this Court will examine the merits of Defendant’s claim. See
Phillips v. Seiter, 173 F.3d 609, 610-11 (7th Cir. 1999) (noting that before a trial court transfers a
case to another jurisdiction “in the interests of justice,” the court can “take a peek at the merits”
because “there is no reason to raise false hopes and waste judicial resources by transferring a case
that is clearly doomed.”)
In arguing that the defendant’s case is “clearly doomed,” the Government relies upon
Williams-El v. Carlson, 712 F.2d 685 (D.C. Cir. 1983). In that case, the defendant was under
federal “custody and control” when he committed a Maryland state crime for which he was
convicted in state court and sentenced to 15 years. After serving two months of his state sentence,
he was returned to federal custody and the state filed a detainer with the federal authorities. The
defendant therein claimed that Maryland prison officials had no authority to return him to federal
custody to serve the balance of the federal sentence before he completed his state sentence.
Furthermore, the defendant challenged the issuance of the detainer, which led to imposition of
more restrictions on him while in prison. The Circuit Court for the District of Columbia Circuit
dismissed the appeal as frivolous, finding that “a prisoner has no cause of action ‘to contest the
agreement between [two] sovereigns as to the order of prosecution and execution of sentences.’”
Williams-El, 712 F.2d at 686 (quoting Bullock v. State of Mississippi, 404 F.2d 75, 76 (5th Cir.
1968)).
In its Response, the Government has cited additional authority on this issue from various
circuit courts. See, e.g., Jeter v. Keohane, 739 F.2d 257, 258 (7th Cir. 1984) (“An individual who
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has violated the laws of two or more sovereigns may not complain of the order in which he is to
serve the various sentences.”) (quoting Mitchell v. Boen, 194 F.2d 405, 407 (10th Cir. 1952));
United States v. Warren, 610 F.2d 680, 684-85 (9th Cir. 1980) (“[d]etermination of priority of
custody and service of sentence between state and federal sovereigns is a matter of comity to be
resolved by the executive branches of the two sovereigns. . . and [is] not a “judicial[ ] function”);
Bailey v. United States Marshal Service, 584 F. Supp. 2d 128, 134 (D.D.C. 2008) (Kollar-Kotelly,
J.) (prisoner does not derive personal right from an issue of comity between two sovereigns).
Mr. McKeever contends that when he was “released from Maryland’s jurisdiction to go
and take care of his federal detainer/warrant . . . and [he] was sentenced to 18 months and [ ] in
federal custody[,] the U.S.D.C. should have allowed the defendant to serve the 18 months ordered
by the judge to prevent prejudice[] to the defendant by having a detainer[.]” Petition, ECF No. 50,
at 6. The case law cited by the Government illustrates that Defendant’s claim about a “release”
from jurisdiction is erroneous. When a prisoner is transferred from state to federal authorities
pursuant to a writ of habeas corpus ad prosequendum, he is considered to be “on loan” from the
state. Crawford v. Jackson, 589 F.2d 693, 695-96 (D.C. Cir. 1978); see Hernandez v. United States
Attorney General, 689 F.2d 915, 918 (10th Cir. 1982) (when state officials temporarily transferred
custody over a prisoner for federal proceedings pursuant to a writ of habeas corpus ad
prosequendum, they “did not relinquish jurisdiction” over the prisoner and “he continued to be a
‘state prisoner.’”)
After revocation of Defendant’s supervised release by this Court and imposition of a
consecutive sentence of 18 months, Mr. McKeever was returned to the State of Maryland to
continue serving his sentence there, while the sentence imposed by this Court was lodged as a
detainer. The 18-month federal sentence is to be served after the Defendant has served his sentence
6
in the State of Maryland. The Government asserts that “actions taken by the executive branches
of the State of Maryland and the federal government in the defendant’s cases were within the
provinces of those sovereignties and were not a ‘judicial[ ] function.’” Government Response,
ECF No. 53, at 6 (quoting Warren, 610 F.2d at 685-86). “[T]he federal government and a state
are perfectly free to make any agreement between themselves concerning which of their sentences
will be served first.” Causey v. Civiletti, 621 F.2d 691, 694 (5th Cir. 1980). Accordingly, because
Defendant’s complaint about the order of the execution of his sentences is without legal support,
his fist claim shall be denied by this Court.
B. Defendant’s Second Claim
Defendant argues further that this Court somehow lost its jurisdiction when it sentenced
him for his violation of supervised release without allowing him to serve that sentence first. The
Government proffers that this second claim by Defendant fails for several reasons. If construed
under Defendant’s Section 2254 Petition, Section 2254 “applies only to state prisoners” and
“defendant is a federal prisoner in the instant case and thus is ineligible for relief[.]” Government
Response, ECF No. 53, at 7. Even assuming arguendo that Defendant’s second claim could be
considered under Section 2254, it would be time-barred because Defendant’s sentence became
final in 2008, and he did not file this Petition until 2019. See 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1).5 Finally, as
indicated herein, this Court has no authority over prison officials in Maryland or in this jurisdiction
concerning the order of sentences. Accordingly, Defendant’s second claim fails, and it shall be
denied by this Court.
5
The Government notes that even if this Petition was construed under Section 2255, the Petition
is time-barred pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (f). Government Response, ECF No. 53, at 7 n.4.
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III. CONCLUSION
For the reasons set forth herein, Defendant’s [50] Petition, which contests the order in
which his state and federal sentences are to be served and proffers that this Court is without
jurisdiction, shall be DENIED. A separate Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.
DATED: October 21, 2019 __________/s/____________________
COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
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