Wright v. Wilson

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
CHESTER WRIGHT, )
)
Petitioner, )
)
v. ) Civil Action No. 12-0754 (EGS)
)
ERIC D. WILSON, WARDEN, )
)
Respondent. )
MEMORANDUM OPINION
This matter is before the Court on respondent’s motion to dismiss the petition for a writ
of habeas corpus filed by Chester Wright. The motion will be granted.
I. BACKGROUND
“On October 7, 1991, District of Columbia Corrections Officer Ronald Richardson was
scheduled to testify at the criminal trial of Michael Page in the Superior Court. As he prepared
to leave his home to go to court that day, Richardson was shot and killed in his driveway.”
Wright v. United States, 979 A.2d 26, 28 (D.C. 2009). “On June 29, 1992, . . . Wright [was]
charged in a ten-count indictment with, inter alia, the premeditated murder of . . . Ronald
Richardson.” United States v. Hammond, 681 A.2d 1140, 1141-42 (D.C. 1996) (footnote
omitted). 1 A jury found Wright guilty of multiple criminal offenses, see Mem. in Supp. of Pet.
for Writ of Habeas Corpus (“Pet.”) at 1, and on March 21, 1997, Wright was sentenced to an
aggregate term of 28 1/3 years to life in prison. Id. at 2. On August 11, 2005, the District of
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“Wright and four co-defendants were charged with conspiracy, . . . premeditated murder
while armed . . . , and a variety of related crimes.” Mem. in Supp. of Pet. for Writ of Habeas
Corpus at 1. The co-defendants were Navarro Hammond, Terrence Pleasant, Michael Page and
Bradley Sweet. See Sweet v. United States, 756 A.2d 366, 368 n.1 (D.C. 2000). “Three co-
defendants were severed for various reasons, and . . . Wright and . . . Navarro Hammond[] were
tried together in January 1997.” Wright, 979 A.2d at 28.
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Columbia Court of Appeals affirmed the convictions on direct appeal, “remanding only to vacate
the judgment as to certain merged offenses.” Wright, 979 A.2d at 20; see Hammond v. United
States, 880 A.2d 1066 (D.C. 2005). Wright was resentenced on February 28, 2006, Pet. at 2, and
on June 5, 2006, the Supreme Court of the United States denied his petition for a writ of
certiorari. See Wright v. United States, 547 U.S. 1184 (2006).
Meanwhile, “[i]n January 1997, shortly after his trial ended, [Wright] filed a pro se
‘motion to arrest judgment,’ and later he also filed a § 23-110 motion, alleging ineffective
assistance of counsel.” 2 Wright, 979 A.2d at 29; Pet. at 2. After Wright obtained counsel, he
filed an amended motion alleging prosecutorial misconduct and ineffective assistance of trial
counsel. See Wright, 979 A.2d at 29. The Superior Court denied the motion on July 18, 2006,
after having conducted an evidentiary hearing. Pet. at 2; see Resp’t’s Mot. to Dismiss Pet’r’s
Pet. for Writ of Habeas Corpus (“Resp’t’s Mot.”), Ex. 1 at 2. Wright’s second § 23-110 motion,
filed on March 19, 2007, alleged “that the prosecutor had withheld material, exculpatory
evidence under Brady v. Maryland[, 373 U.S. 83 (1963)].” Wright, 979 A.2d at 29. The
Superior Court denied the motion on June 29, 2007 without a hearing. See id.; Resp’t’s Mot.,
Ex. 1 at 1. Wright appealed the denial of both § 23-110 motions, and on August 27, 2009, the
Court of Appeals affirmed both rulings. Wright, 979 A.2d at 28. Its mandate issued on
December 29, 2009. Resp’t’s Mot., Ex. 3 at 2.
Wright’s previous efforts to obtain habeas relief in federal district court were
unsuccessful. See Wright v. Stansberry, 759 F. Supp. 2d 49 (D.D.C. 2011), appeal dismissed,
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“A prisoner in custody under sentence of the Superior Court claiming the right to be
released upon the ground that (1) the sentence was imposed in violation of the Constitution of the
United States or the laws of the District of Columbia, (2) the court was without jurisdiction to
impose the sentence, (3) the sentence was in excess of the maximum authorized by law, (4) the
sentence is otherwise subject to collateral attack, may move the court to vacate, set aside, or
correct the sentence.” D.C. Code § 23-110(a).
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No. 11-5046, 2011 WL 2618210 (D.C. Cir. June 24, 2011) (per curiam); Wright v. Stansberry,
677 F. Supp. 2d 286 (D.D.C. 2010). Wright filed the instant petition on May 8, 2012.
II. DISCUSSION
Wright files this petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2254, see Pet. at 3, pursuant to which a
federal district court may “entertain an application for a writ of habeas corpus on behalf of a
person in custody pursuant to the judgment of a State court . . . .” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(a). “A 1-
year period of limitation shall apply to an application for a writ of habeas corpus by a person in
custody pursuant of the judgment of a State court,” and the limitation period runs from the latest
of:
(A) the date on which the judgment became final by the conclusion
of direct review or the expiration of the time for seeking such
review;
(B) the date on which the impediment to filing an application
created by State action in violation of the Constitution or laws of
the United States is removed, if the applicant was prevented from
filing by such State action;
(C) the date on which the constitutional right asserted was initially
recognized by the Supreme Court, if the right has been newly
recognized by the Supreme Court and made retroactively
applicable to cases on collateral review; or
(D) the date on which the factual predicate of the claim or claims
presented could have been discovered through the exercise of due
diligence.
28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1). The limitation period is tolled for “[t]he time during which a properly
filed application for State post-conviction or other collateral review with respect to the pertinent
judgment or claim is pending.” 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2). Because the limitation period is not
jurisdictional, it “is subject to equitable tolling,” Holland v. Florida, __U.S.__, 130 S. Ct. 2549,
2560 (2010), where the petitioner demonstrates “(1) that he has been pursuing his rights
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diligently, and (2) that some extraordinary circumstance stood in his way and prevented timely
filing.” Id., 130 S. Ct. at 2562 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).
Respondent moves to dismiss the petition on the ground that it is time-barred. See
generally Resp’t’s Mot. at 4-8. Wright’s convictions became final on June 5, 2006, the date on
which the Supreme Court of the United States denied his petition for a writ of certiorari. By
respondent’s calculation, the one-year limitations period was tolled on two occasions before its
expiration on or about March 17, 2010:
Absent further litigation and tolling, then, petitioner’s deadline for
filing the instant habeas petition would have been on or about June
5, 2007. However, on March 19, 2007, petitioner filed his second
collateral attack in D.C. Superior Court. That date is 287 days
after the date that his conviction became final on June 5, 2006.
Hence, when petitioner filed his second collateral attack, 287 days
had run on his 1 year . . . time clock. The filing of his second
collateral attack motion tolled that 1-year clock, leaving him with
78 days to file a habeas petition once the tolling ended. On June
27, 2007, the trial court denied the second collateral attack.
Petitioner’s appeal of the denial of that second collateral attack was
affirmed by the D.C. Court of Appeals on August 27, 2009. The
mandate issued on December 29, 2009. Thus, the one-year filing
clock began running again on December 29, 2009. Accordingly,
78 days later, or on or about March 17, 2010, petitioner’s time for
filing his habeas petition expired.
Resp’t’s Mot. at 7 (internal citations to the record omitted). He argues that, by filing the instant
petition “more than two years after his conviction became final, [Wright’s] petition is time-
barred and should be dismissed.” Id. at 4.
Wright responds first by arguing that § 2244(d)(1) does not apply. See Traverse in Resp.
Pursuant to Gov’t’s Mot. to Dismiss Pet’r’s Peti. for Writ of Habeas Corpus (“Pet’r’s Opp’n”) at
3. He is mistaken. A “conviction in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia is considered
a state court conviction under federal habeas law,” and a challenge to a Superior Court
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conviction is “properly brought under 28 U.S.C. § 2254.” Smith v. United States, No. 00-5181,
2000 WL 1279276, at *1 (D.C. Cir. Aug. 23, 2000) (per curiam); Adams v. Middlebrooks, 810 F.
Supp. 2d 119, 122 (D.D.C. 2011) (construing habeas petition “as though it were filed under §
2254, given the clear weight of authority” that a prisoner serving a sentence pursuant to Superior
Court judgment must seek habeas relief under § 2254); Banks v. Smith, 377 F. Supp. 2d 92, 94
(D.D.C. 2005) (“The D.C. Circuit has consistently held that when considering a writ of habeas
corpus a prisoner of the District of Columbia is considered a State prisoner, when the prisoner is
held under a conviction of the D.C. Superior Court.”); cf. Madley v. U.S. Parole Comm’n, 278
F.3d 1306, 1308-09 (D.C. Cir. 2002) (holding that District of Columbia courts are deemed to be
state courts for purposes of 28 U.S.C. § 2253). The limitation period for the filing of a petition
under § 2254 is set forth in § 2244, and Wright thus is subject to its one-year limitation period.
Next Wright argues that, because the “issue is the same as the first [§] 2254 motion that
was filed on December 29, 2009,” the instant petition “[t]herefore is not barred.” Pet’r’s Opp’n
at 2. Presumably Wright is referring to Wright v. Stansberry, No. 09-2433 (D.D.C. filed Dec. 29,
2009), and arguing that the instant petition “relates back” and that its filing before the expiration
of the limitations period on March 17, 2010 is timely. He offers no legal authority to support this
argument, however. Furthermore, review of the earlier petition reflects that the issues raised
previously pertained only to the alleged ineffective assistance of trial counsel and other trial
errors – matters which actually were, or could have been, raised on direct appeal to the Court of
Appeals or in a § 23-110 motion in the Superior Court. His current claim – ineffective assistance
of appellate counsel – is nowhere mentioned in the earlier petition.
Finally, Wright contends that “under the circumstances equitable tolling does apply”
because he “clearly have [sic] diligently pursued his rights and [his] filing [is] not late as the
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Government claims.” Pet’r’s Opp’n at 3. Review of Wright’s post-conviction litigation history
reflects diligence on his part, yet he fails to demonstrate the existence of extraordinary
circumstances which would have prevented a timely filing of the instant petition.
Petitioner’s motion was not timely filed and, therefore, respondent’s motion to dismiss
will be granted. See Hatch v. Jett, 847 F. Supp. 2d 88, 95 (D.D.C. 2012) (dismissing § 2254
petition filed approximately 18 months after limitations period expired, “[e]ven accounting for
the periods during which the limitations period was tolled”).
An Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.
Signed: EMMET G. SULLIVAN
United States District Judge
Dated: March 12, 2013
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