Munoz v. Board of Trustees of the University of the District of Columbia

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
____________________________________
)
EMMA MUÑOZ, )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
v. ) Civil Action No. 08-0935 (ESH)
)
BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE )
UNIVERSITY OF THE DISTRICT OF )
COLUMBIA, )
)
Defendant. )
____________________________________)
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Plaintiff Emma Munoz filed the above-captioned action against the Board of Trustees of
the University of the District of Columbia (“UDC”), alleging that defendant, her employer, had
violated her rights under the due process and equal protection clauses of the Constitution, federal
employment law, and District of Columbia law. The Court dismissed all of plaintiff’s claims.
(Memorandum Opinion and Order, Dec. 3, 2008 [dkt. #15] (“2008 Partial Dismissal Order”);
Order, Feb. 5, 2009 [dkt. #23] (“2009 Final Dismissal Order”).) Plaintiff’s appeal is now
pending1 (Notice of Appeal, Mar. 6, 2009 [dkt. # 24]), but plaintiff, proceeding pro se, is also
seeking relief under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 60(b)(1) and 60(b)(3). (Pl.’s Motion for
Relief From Final Judgment, Jan. 21, 2010 [dkt. #27] (“Mot. for Relief”).) Due to the pending
appeal, which deprives the Court of jurisdiction to rule on a Rule 60(b) motion, plaintiff instead
asks the Court for an order “stat[ing] either that it would grant the motion if the court of appeals
1
Plaintiff’s complaint also included claims against April Massey, her immediate supervisor, but
plaintiff consented to their dismissal with prejudice. (Minute Order, Aug. 4, 2008.)
remands for that purpose or that the motion raises a substantial issue.” Fed. R. Civ. P.
62.1(a)(3). For the reasons stated herein, plaintiff’s motion will be denied.
BACKGROUND
In relevant part, plaintiff’s complaint included claims for discrimination and retaliation in
violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq. (Compl. ¶¶ 60-
74)2; discrimination and retaliation in violation of the District of Columbia Human Rights Act
(“DCHRA”), D.C. Code Ann. § 2-1401.01 et seq. (id. ¶¶ 75-68 (Counts VII-IX)); intentional
infliction of emotional distress (id. ¶¶ 87-91); and deprivation of her constitutional right to
procedural due process (id. ¶¶ 42-49) and equal protection (id. ¶¶ 50-55) under 42 U.S.C. §
1983.
Defendant filed a motion to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim pursuant to
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). (Def.’s Mot. to Dismiss, Sept. 10, 2008 [dkt. # 10].)
Upon consideration of the allegations in the complaint, defendant’s motion and plaintiff’s
opposition thereto, the Court dismissed plaintiff’s Title VII, DCHRA and intentional infliction of
emotional distress claims, but gave plaintiff the opportunity to file an amended complaint as to
her constitutional claims against UDC. (2008 Partial Dismissal Order at 7-8, 11.)
On December 15, 2008, plaintiff filed an amended complaint that was limited to
constitutional due process and equal protection claims. (First Amended Compl., Dec. 15, 2008.)
2
Plaintiff’s complaint alleged three Title VII claims: (1) discrimination based on race and
national origin during the course of her employment (Compl. ¶¶ 60-64) (Count IV)); (2)
discrimination based on race and national origin in constructively discharging and/or terminating
plaintiff’s employment (id. ¶¶ 65-69 (Count V)); and (3) retaliation for complaining about this
discrimination to UDC officials and filing grievances about the alleged discrimination with UDC
and the EEOC. (Id. ¶¶ 70-74 (Count VI).) These same claims appear under plaintiff’s DCHRA
claims in Count VII-IX. (Id. ¶¶ 75-86.)
2
In addition to restating those claims as violations of the Fifth Amendment (as opposed to the
Fourteenth Amendment), plaintiff altered and added to the factual allegations of her original
complaint. Plaintiff did not, however, ask the Court to reconsider its 2008 Partial Dismissal
Order in light of these revised factual allegations. Defendant moved to dismiss the amended
complaint. (Mot. to Dismiss, Dec. 30, 2008 [dkt. #19]; Supp. Mot. to Dismiss, Dec. 31, 2008
[dkt. #20].) On February 5, 2009, after a hearing, the Court granted the motion to dismiss and
entered a final order dismissing the case with prejudice. (See 2009 Final Dismissal Order.)
Plaintiff appealed both the 2008 Partial Dismissal Order and the 2009 Final Dismissal
Order. (Notice of Appeal, Mar. 6, 2009.) Then, on January 21, 2010, almost one year after the
entry of the 2009 Final Dismissal Order, plaintiff filed the pending motion for relief from final
judgment pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(1) and 60(b)(3). The Court of
Appeals proceeded to grant plaintiff’s unopposed motion to hold her appeal in abeyance pending
this Court’s ruling on her motion for relief from judgment. (Order, Munoz v. Board of Trustees,
No. 09-7028 (D.C. Cir., Jan. 22, 2010) [dkt. #26].)
ANALYSIS
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) sets forth the grounds upon which a “court may
relieve a party . . . from a final judgment [or] order.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b). “Rule 60(b) was
intended to preserve the delicate balance between the sanctity of final judgments . . . and the
incessant command of the court’s conscience that justice be done in light of all the facts.” Good
Luck Nursing Home, Inc. v. Harris, 636 F.2d 572, 577 (D.C. Cir. 1980) (internal quotations
omitted). “But as the Supreme Court has said, ‘[t]here must be an end to litigation someday, and
free, calculated, deliberate choices are not to be relieved from.” Id. at 577 (quoting Ackermann
v. United States, 340 U.S. 193, 198 (1950)). “Rule 60(b) cannot, therefore, be employed simply
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to rescue a litigant from strategic choices that later turn out to be improvident.” Id. In addition,
“a party that has stipulated to certain facts or has not presented known facts helpful to its cause
when it had the chance cannot ordinarily avail itself on rule 60(b) after an adverse judgment has
been handed down.” Id. To obtain Rule 60(b) relief, “the movant must provide the district court
with reason to believe that vacating the judgment will not be an empty exercise or a futile
gesture.” Murray v. District of Columbia, 52 F.3d 353, 355 (D.C. Cir. 1995). A district judge is
“vested with a large measure of discretion in deciding whether to grant a Rule 60(b) motion.”
Twelve John Does v. District of Columbia, 841 F.2d 1133, 1138 (D.C. Cir. 1988); see also
Murray v. District of Columbia, 52 F.3d at 355 (“An appellate court’s review of the denial of a
Rule 60(b) motion is for abuse of discretion.”)
Plaintiff seeks relief under two of Rule 60(b)’s provisions: (1) for “mistake, inadvertence,
surprise or excusable neglect,” Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(1); and (2) for “fraud . . . ,
misrepresentation, or misconduct by an opposing party.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(3). Specifically,
plaintiff contends that “mistakes” made by her counsel, defendant’s counsel and the Court
provide grounds for relief under Rule 60(b)(1) and that “misrepresentations” by defendant’s
counsel warrant relief under Rule 60(b)(3).
I. TIMELINESS
Defendant argues that plaintiff’s motion is untimely to the extent it seeks relief from the
Court’s 2008 Partial Dismissal Order. A motion seeking relief under either Rule 60(b)(1) or
60(b)(3) must be made “no more than a year after the entry of the judgment or order or the date
of the proceeding.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(c)(1). Plaintiff’s motion was filed on January 20, 2010,
more than one year after the entry of the 2008 Partial Dismissal Order. However, because Rule
60(b) applies only to “final” judgments or orders, the one-year time limit for seeking relief under
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Rule 60(b)(1) or Rule 60(b)(3) begins to run only upon the entry of a final judgment or order.
See Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b) (Advisory Committee Notes re 1946 Amendment) (“The addition of
the qualifying word ‘final’ emphasizes the character of the judgments, orders or proceedings
from which Rule 60(b) affords relief; and hence interlocutory judgments are not brought within
the restrictions of the rule, but rather they are left subject to the complete power of the court
rendering them to afford such relief from them as justice requires.”) Here, the “final” order
dismissing plaintiff’s case was not entered until February 5, 2009, making plaintiff’s motion for
relief timely filed.
II. RULE 60(b)(1)
Plaintiff’s motion identifies numerous “mistakes” allegedly made by her counsel,
defendant’s counsel, and the Court as the basis for her motion for relief under Rule 60(b)(1).
(Mot. for Relief at 2-25.) As described by plaintiff, the mistakes include (1) “mistakes of fact”
made by her counsel, as reflected in the complaint, the first amended complaint, and during the
February 5, 2009 hearing (Mot. for Relief at 2-3, 5-16 (mistake #’s 1-13)); (2) “mistakes of fact
and misrepresentations of fact” made by defendant’s counsel in filings and during oral argument
on February 5, 2009 (id. at 2-3, 16-18 (mistake #’s 14-16)); (3) “mistakes of fact and errors of
law” made by the Court, either as “a direct result of mistakes and misrepresentations made by
counsel” or “[its] own mistakes of fact resulting in erroneous inferences of fact, erroneous
findings of fact, and erroneous conclusions of law” in the December 2008 Memorandum
Opinion and in its oral ruling at the February 5, 2009 hearing. (Id. at 2-3, 19- (mistake #’s 17-
19, 22-32 (#’s 20-21 are skipped).) These alleged mistakes (among which there is substantial
overlap) fall into three categories: (1) plaintiff’s counsel’s “mistakes” of failing to allege
additional claims (mistake #’s 9-13); (2) the Court’s “mistakes” of legal reasoning (mistake #’s
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19, 22-29, 31,32); and (3) factual mistakes made by plaintiff’s counsel, defendant’s counsel,
and/or the Court (mistake #’s 1-8, 14-18).
A Rule 60(b)(1) motion “allow[s] district courts to correct only limited types of
substantive errors.” Hall v. C.I.A., 437 F.3d 94, 99 (D.C. Cir. 2006). Moreover, “relief will not
be granted under Rule 60(b)(1) merely because a party is unhappy with the judgment. Instead,
the party must make some showing of why he was justified in failing to avoid mistake or
inadvertence.” 11 C. Wright, A. Miller & M.K. Kane, Federal Practice & Procedure § 2858 (2d
ed. 1995 & 2010 Update). Here, of the mistakes plaintiff identifies, only the alleged factual
mistakes are potentially grounds for Rule 60(b)(1) relief. For other reasons, though, these
alleged mistakes do not persuade the Court that relief is warranted.
A. Plaintiff’s Counsel’s “Failure To Allege” Additional Claims
In plaintiff’s motion, she identifies as “mistakes of omission” made by her counsel for
“fail[ing] to allege” the following claims: (1) breach of employment contract; (2) ongoing and
continuing violations of DC regulations; (3) ongoing and continuing COBRA violations; (4)
ongoing and continuing breach of fiduciary duty; (5) ongoing and continuing Title VII claim for
intentional discrimination. (Mot. for Relief at 14-16.) However, Rule 60(b)(1) is not a vehicle
for raising new legal theories. See Good Luck Nursing Home, 636 F.2d at 577 (“Rule 60(b)
cannot, therefore, be employed simply to rescue a litigant from strategic choices that later turn
out to be improvident.”); see also Edward H. Bohlin Co. v. Banning Co., 6 F.3d 350, 356-57 (5th
Cir.1993) (“a court would abuse its discretion if it were to reopen a case under Rule 60(b)(1)
when the reason asserted as justifying relief is one attributable solely to counsel’s carelessness
with or misapprehension of the law”); Kagan v. Caterpillar Tractor Co., 795 F.2d 601, 607 (7th
Cir.1986) (“Neither ignorance nor carelessness on the part of the litigant or his attorney provide
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grounds for relief under Rule 60(b)(1).”); Latshaw v. Trainer Wortham & Co., Inc., 452 F.3d
1097, 1101, 1103 (9th Cir. 2006) (mistakes resulting from attorney negligence “are more
appropriately addressed through malpractice claims” than under Rule 60(b)(1)).)3 Accordingly,
plaintiff’s attorney’s alleged “mistakes” in failing to bring additional legal claims do not warrant
Rule 60(b)(1) relief.
B. Legal Errors Allegedly Made by the Court
Plaintiff’s motion also includes a litany of legal “mistakes” made by the Court.4
Standing alone, a party’s disagreement with a district court’s legal reasoning or analysis is
rarely, if ever, a basis for relief under Rule 60(b)(1). A number of federal courts of appeal have
held that a party may not use Rule 60(b)(1) to assert that the district court made an error of legal
reasoning, reasoning that the appropriate place to challenge alleged errors of law is by filing an
appeal. See, e.g., Elias v. Ford Motor Co., 734 F.2d 463, 467 (1st Cir.1984); Smith v. Evans, 853
F.2d 155, 158 (3d Cir.1988); McKnight v. U.S. Steel Corp., 726 F.2d 333 (7th Cir.1984); Spinar
v. South Dakota Board of Regents, 796 F.2d 1060, 1062 (8th Cir.1986); see also Ward v.
Kennard, 200 F.R.D. 137, 139 (D.D.C. 2001) (discussing cases). Even in those courts that allow
legal errors to be raised in a Rule 60(b)(1) motion, the circumstances under which such errors are
cognizable are usually very limited, such as an intervening change in law. See Ward, 200 F.R.D.
at 139 (citing Tarkington v. United States Lines Co., 222 F.2d 358, 360 (2d Cir. 1955)).
3
For the same reason, plaintiff cannot obtain relief based on her newly raised argument that
equitable tolling or equitable estoppel should have been applied to the claims dismissed on
statute of limitations grounds. (See Mot. for Relief, Ex. 20, at 10-18.)
4
To the extent these alleged legal errors arise out of or are inextricably linked to alleged factual
mistakes, they are not grounds for relief for the reasons set forth below.
7
Although the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit has “declined to
decide as a general rule whether errors in legal reasoning may be corrected by Rule 60(b)(1)
motions,” Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility v. United States Secret Service, 72
F.3d 897 (D.C. Cir. 1996) (citing Center for Nuclear Responsibility, Inc. v. United States
Nuclear Regulatory Comm’n, 781 F.2d 935, 939-40 (D.C. Cir. 1986)),5 it has only recognized
the possibility where the district court has made an “obvious error,” such as basing its legal
reasoning on case law that it failed to realize had recently been overturned. See District of
Columbia Fed’n of Civic Ass’ns v. Volpe, 520 F.2d 451, 451-53 (D.C. Cir. 1975); see also
Rockefeller ex rel. U.S. v. Washington TRU Solutions LLC, 2004 WL 180264 (D.C. Cir. 2004)
(upholding denial of Rule 60(b)(1) relief where “appellant has not shown that the district court
committed obvious error”); see also Bestor v. F.B.I., 539 F. Supp. 2d 324 (D.D.C. 2008) (“this
circuit also allows the rule to reach the court’s alleged legal errors in the very limited situation
when the controlling law of the circuit changed between the time of the court’s judgment and the
Rule 60 motion”); Ward, 200 F.R.D. at 139 (“the court holds that the plaintiff fails under Rule
60(b) since he is merely arguing that the court made an error of legal reasoning”).
As explained in Center for Nuclear Responsibility, precluding the application of Rule
60(b)(1) to substantive legal errors serves two important purposes: (1) it avoids eviscerating the
much shorter time limitation imposed by Rule 59(e) on motions to “alter or amend the
judgment”; and (2) it avoids indirectly extending the appeal period. 781 F.2d at 939. Here,
5
In Center for Nuclear Responsibility, the Court observed that “[a]lthough Volpe could be read as
adopting the more liberal interpretation of Rule 60(b)(1), allowing correction of substantive legal
errors during the appeal period, that case involved the unique situation where the controlling law
of the circuit had changed between the time of the judgment and the time of the motion. Whether
we would extend this rule to allow corrections of substantive legal errors where no such change
in the law of the circuit has occurred we need not decide today.” 781 F.3d at 940.
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plaintiff has pointed to no “obvious” legal error or intervening change in law. Accordingly, to
the extent that plaintiff’s motion seeks to challenge the Court’s legal reasoning in light of the
record it had before it, those arguments can and should be addressed on appeal.
C. Factual Mistakes
Plaintiff contends that her counsel filed a complaint (and a first amended complaint) that
included a number of factual mistakes, which were then adopted and relied upon by defendant’s
counsel and the Court. These mistakes fall into two categories: (1) mistakes that plaintiff never
sought to correct until she filed this motion for relief, almost a year after the Court dismissed her
case; and (2) mistakes in the original complaint that plaintiff’s counsel “corrected” in the First
Amended Complaint.
1. Mistakes Plaintiff Never Tried To Correct Prior to Filing Her Motion
for Relief from Judgment
Plaintiff identifies the following as mistakes in the allegations in the original complaint
that she is only now seeking to correct: (1) the Complaint alleged the initial EEOC filing date to
be February 14, 2007, but she now asserts that it should have been July 17, 2006, the date of her
“initial inquiry” (Mot. for Relief at 5); (2) the Complaint alleged she was one of two Hispanic
faculty members, when she was in fact the only one (id. at 5-6); (3) the Complaint alleged that
her sick leave expired in February 2006, but she now asserts it should have been qualified with
the phrase “according to UDC” because her sick leave was not in fact exhausted (id. at 8); (4) the
Complaint alleged that plaintiff filed a single internal grievance with UDC under the collective
bargaining agreement, but she now asserts that she filed 3 grievances (id. at 11-12); (5) the First
Amended Complaint alleged that her due process and equal protection claims accrued on
November 18, 2005, but she now contends that “nothing” accrued then or earlier (id. at 12); and
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(6) the First Amended Complaint alleged that plaintiff was constructively terminated on
February 1, 2006, but she now argues that the date constructive termination occurred is a legal
issue for the Court to decide. (Id. at 13.)
The fault for the alleged mistakes in the allegations of the complaint and/or the first
amended complaint lies entirely with plaintiff or her counsel. And plaintiff proffers no
persuasive justification for the failure to avoid these mistakes in the first place or for not
attempting to correct them until almost a year after the 2009 Final Dismissal Order. It is well-
established the Rule 60(b) is not designed to help “[a] party that has stipulated to certain facts or
has not presented known facts helpful to its cause when it had the chance,” Good Luck Nursing
Home, 636 F.2d at 577, or to provide relief due to “ignorance nor carelessness on the part of a
litigant or his attorney.” Bershad v. McDonough, 469 F.2d at 1337. Similarly, the Court does
not believe Rule 60(b)(1) is designed to give a plaintiff a second bite at the apple by changing
the factual allegations where the plaintiff has no excuse for failing to include the correct factual
information in the complaint that was filed with the Court and upon which the Court based its
rulings. Accordingly, the alleged factual mistakes in the complaint and the first amended
complaint do not support Rule 60(b)(1) relief.
If plaintiff is not entitled to relief based on the alleged factual mistakes made by her or
her counsel, it necessarily follows that she is not entitled to relief because defendant’s counsel
and the Court adopted and relied on these same mistakes. Accordingly, the fact that defendant
adopted and restated the allegedly incorrect EEOC filing date (Mot. for Relief at 17), that
defendant attached a copy of the DCOHR charge to its papers that reflected that date (id. at 17-
18), that defendant asked the Court to take judicial notice of that document (id. at 18), that the
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Court relied on the alleged EEOC filing date (id. at 19), and that the Court took judicial notice of
the document filed by defendant (id. at 20), cannot be grounds for invoking Rule 60(b)(1).
2. Mistakes Plaintiff’s Counsel “Corrected” in the First Amended
Complaint
The other type of factual mistake identified by plaintiff are mistakes that plaintiff’s
counsel corrected in the First Amended Complaint. Plaintiff identifies only two specific
corrections: (1) the allegation in the Complaint that plaintiff had been placed on indefinite
administrative leave was corrected in First Amended Complaint to say that she was placed on
paid administrative leave for the spring semester (Mot. for Relief at 6); and (2) the allegation in
the Complaint that plaintiff was forced to take sick leave in the Fall of 2005 due to “severe
emotional distress and anger” was corrected in First Amended Complaint to say that she
“requested and was placed on sick leave.” (Id. at 7).
Because the First Amended Complaint was filed after the December 3, 2008 Partial
Dismissal Order but before the February 5, 2009 Final Dismissal Order, plaintiff had ample
opportunity to ask the Court to reconsider its Partial Dismissal Order based on the “corrected
facts” in the First Amended Complaint. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 54. Plaintiff did not do so. Indeed,
plaintiff did not seek relief until almost a year after the final order dismissing the case was filed.
Plaintiff has proffered no justification for her failure to seek reconsideration prior to the 2009
Final Dismissal Order or for waiting almost a year to see relief based on mistakes that were
“corrected” in December 2008. To reiterate, Rule 60(b)(1) does not exist to save parties from
strategic decisions or inexcusable neglect such as occurred here. Nor did the Court make a
“mistake” by not sua sponte revisiting the 2008 Partial Dismissal Order in light of the revised
allegations of the First Amended Complaint. See, e.g., MBI Group, Inc. v. Credit Foncier Du
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Cameroun, No. 09-7079, slip op. at 11 (D.C. Cir. Aug. 6, 2010) (“District courts need not refer
back to prior filings to identify arguments that the moving party could (and should) have
addressed in the motion then under consideration.”)6 Accordingly, plaintiff cannot obtain relief
from the 2008 Partial Dismissal Order based on the “corrected” factual allegations in the First
Amended Complaint. As for the February 5, 2009 Order, Plaintiff fails to identify where the
Court relied on the uncorrected facts in the Complaint in granting defendant’s motion to dismiss
the constitutional claims. Accordingly, plaintiff cannot obtain relief based on the claim the
Court failed to account for the corrections in the First Amended Complaint.
IV. RULE 60(b)(3)
Plaintiff also seeks relief under Rule 60(b)(3) based on defendant’s “misrepresentations.”
Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(3). “In order to prevail on a motion under Rule 60(b)(3), plaintiff must
show actual prejudice, that is, he must demonstrate that defendant’s conduct prevented him from
presenting his case fully and fairly.” Ramirez v. Department of Justice, 680 F. Supp. 2d 208(D.D.C. 2010) (citing Summers v. Howard Univ., 374 F.3d 1188, 1193 (D.C. Cir. 2004), and that
“the fraud is attributable to the party or, at least, to counsel.” Richardson v. Nat’l R.R.
Passenger Corp., 150 F.R.D. 1, 7 (D.D.C.1993). Here, plaintiff has not made that showing.
6
Similarly, plaintiff cannot use a Rule 60(b)(1) motion to raise a new theory or argument. Id.For example, plaintiff contends that one of the legal errors the Court made was its determination
that the termination of her health insurance in July 2007 was “not an unlawful employment
practice.” (See Mot. for Relief at 21.) However, plaintiff fails to acknowledge that the Court’s
ruling stemmed from the allegation in her complaint that the termination of her health insurance
in July 2007 was a “direct result” of earlier adverse actions against plaintiff, not itself a
discriminatory or retaliatory act. (See Compl. ¶¶ 39-41.) If plaintiff wanted the Court to revisit
this ruling based on a new theory, the time for raising the matter was prior to the final dismissal
order, not in a Rule 60(b)(1) motion filed over a year after the Court dismissed that claim as a
consequence of her not returning to work and not an adverse action in violation of the anti-
discrimination laws. (2008 Partial Dismissal Order at 6.)
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Plaintiff identifies the following as evidence of defendant’s “fraud . . . misrepresentation,
or misconduct”: (1) that defendant “adopt[ed] and restate[d]” plaintiff’s “mistaken contention
concerning the initial EEOC Charge filing date” as its “own mistaken contention (Mot. for Relief
at 17); (2) that defendant attached to its motion to dismiss a incomplete copy of plaintiff’s
DCOHR charge, showing February 14, 2007, as the initial EEOC charge filing date (id. at 17-
18); and (3) that defendant asked the Court to take judicial notice of that document. (Id. at 18-
19.) As discussed above, plaintiff now asserts that July 17, 2006, rather than February 14, 2007,
should have been used as the EEOC filing date, making the key date for statute of limitations
purposes 300 days prior to that earlier date. Even assuming that plaintiff is correct that the
earlier date should have been utilized, there is nothing in the record that would support the
conclusion that defendant’s fraud, misrepresentation or misconduct is responsible for this alleged
error. To the contrary, as plaintiff acknowledges, the alleged error first appears in her original
complaint, which alleges that February 14, 2007, was the date she filed her “initial Charge of
Discrimination with the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.” (Compl. ¶
10.) Given that fact, she certainly cannot show that defendant’s adoption and use of that same
date caused her “actual prejudice.” Accordingly, plaintiff has failed to demonstrate any basis for
relief under Rule 60(b)(3).
CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated above, an accompanying order will deny plaintiff’s motion for
relief from judgment.
/s/
ELLEN SEGAL HUVELLE
United States District Judge
Date: August 10, 2010
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