Jackson v. Office of the Mayor of the District of Columbia

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
_________________________________________
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CLARENCE JACKSON, )
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Plaintiff, )
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v. ) Case No. 1:16-cv-02049 (APM)
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OFFICE OF THE MAYOR OF THE )
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, et al., )
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Defendants. )
_________________________________________ )
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Pro se Plaintiff Clarence Jackson alleges that he has improperly been denied the
opportunity to take the District of Columbia bar exam for the fifth time. Compl., ECF No. 1, at
2–3. Plaintiff originally filed a lawsuit in the District of Columbia Superior Court challenging
that denial, which the Superior Court subsequently dismissed. See Defs.’ Mot. to Dismiss, ECF
No. 17 [hereinafter Defs.’ Mot.], Ex. A, ECF No. 17-1 [hereinafter D.C. Super. Ct. Docket].
Plaintiff then filed a similar challenge with the District’s Office of Risk Management, which was
also dismissed. Compl. at 3. Following these adverse outcomes, Plaintiff filed suit in this court
against the Mayor of the District of Columbia and the District of Columbia Court of Appeals
Committee on Admission (“COA”). Plaintiff’s Complaint, construed liberally, alleges the
following claims: (1) violation of the Sixth, Thirteenth, and Fourteenth Amendments of the
United States Constitution; (2) failure to accommodate under the Age Discrimination in
Employment Act; and (3) intentional infliction of emotional distress. See generally Compl.
Defendants have filed a Motion to Dismiss, see Defs.’ Mot., which is now ripe for the court’s
consideration.
As an initial matter, neither the Mayor nor the COA is suable as a separate entity from the
District of Columbia. See Fields v. District of Columbia Dep’t of Corr., 789 F. Supp. 20, 22
(D.D.C. 1992) (holding that suits against D.C. government agencies and departments must be
brought directly against the District of Columbia). Nevertheless, consistent with the court’s duty
to construe Plaintiff’s Complaint liberally, the court will proceed as if Plaintiff brings claims
against the District of Columbia. See Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972).
Even still, the claims advanced in this case are effectively the same as those advanced
before the Superior Court, and Plaintiff now seems to contest the Superior Court’s dismissal of
that suit. To the extent the Superior Court’s decision was final when the Complaint was filed,
Plaintiff claims are barred under the Rooker-Feldman doctrine. Stanton v. District of Columbia
Court of Appeals, 127 F.3d 72, 75 (D.C. Cir. 1997) (holding that the Rooker-Feldman doctrine
prohibits district courts from hearing claims that are so “inextricably intertwined with a state court
decision that the district court is in essence being called upon to review the state-court decision”)
(internal quotation marks omitted); see also Gray v. Poole, 275 F.3d 1113, 1119 (D.C. Cir. 2002).
Alternatively, even if not final, the court cannot consider Plaintiff’s claims under the Younger
abstention doctrine. See Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971).1 In fact, the D.C. Circuit has
found district court review of similar claims brought by an aggrieved bar applicant inappropriate
under both Rooker-Feldman and Younger. See Rodriguez v. Editor in Chief, 285 F. App'x 756,
759 (D.C. Cir. 2008).
Further, even if the Rooker-Feldman and Younger doctrines did not apply, Plaintiff’s
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Days after the Superior Court dismissed his case, Plaintiff, on April 7, 2017, filed a motion seeking clarification of
the court’s ruling. See D.C. Super. Ct. Docket. The Superior Court has yet to rule on Plaintiff’s motion. Id. The
Superior Court’s silence arguably constitutes a denial—especially given the administrative status of the case as
“Closed,” id.—but even if it does not, the court still would be barred from considering Plaintiff’s claims under
Younger.
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claims would be barred under the doctrine of res judicata. Stanton, 127 F.3d at 77; Rodriguez,
285 F. App’x at 760. Plaintiff has already raised, or at least should have raised, claims challenging
the COA’s decision in D.C. Superior Court. As the Superior Court subsequently dismissed
Plaintiff’s claims, which the court presumes constitutes a “valid final judgment,” Plaintiff’s
attempt to relitigate those claims here necessarily fails under the doctrine of res judicata. Herrion
v. Children's Hosp. Nat. Med. Ctr., 786 F. Supp. 2d 359, 368–70 (D.D.C. 2011); see also Stanton,
127 F.3d at 77–78.
Accordingly, Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss is granted. The Complaint and this matter
shall be dismissed in their entirety.
A separate final order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.
Dated: March 8, 2017 Amit P. Mehta
United States District Judge
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