Robinson v. Ergo Solutions, LLC

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
LORI ROBINSON,
Plaintiff,
v. Civil Action No. 12-147 (JDB)
ERGO SOLUTIONS, LLC,
Defendant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION & ORDER
Before the Court are several procedural motions, some from plaintiff Lori Robinson and
some from defendant Ergo Solutions, LLC ("Ergo"). This Title VII default judgment action has
been characterized by an endless stream of extraordinarily sloppy (and sometimes frivolous)
filings—from both parties. This latest batch is no different. In an effort to enforce the default
judgment she has already obtained, Robinson has filed [51] [53] [54] [61] four motions for
orders from the Court to release funds held by third-party garnishees (some of which appear to
be duplicates, filed on this Court's docket by accident). For its part, Ergo has filed [40] a motion
to vacate [32] the Court's entry of a $20,000 default judgment—its third motion to vacate since
the Clerk of Court's entry of default. And, finally, apparently facing a cash shortfall due to
Robinson's aggressive use of writs of attachment, Ergo also filed [57] what it styled an
"emergency" motion, asking (1) to stay or dissolve some of the writs of attachment; (2) for an
order requiring one of the garnishees to deposit the garnished funds with the Court's registry; and
(3) for reconsideration of [39] the Court's Order granting Robinson's unopposed motion for
attorney's fees, as well as belated permission to file an opposition brief, and take discovery from
Robinson (and her counsel) on the attorney's fees issue. The Court will consider each motion in
turn.
BACKGROUND
The tortured history of this Title VII proceeding has already been detailed at length in
[23] [26] [31] [33] [39] five written opinions, so it will be repeated here only as necessary to
resolve the motions that are now pending. On March 4, 2014, the Court entered a default
judgment in favor of Robinson and against Ergo, in the amount of $20,000. See Mar. 4, 2014
Order [ECF No. 32]; Mar. 4, 2014 Mem. Op. [ECF No. 33]. By that time, the Court had already
considered and rejected two motions from Ergo to vacate the Clerk's entry of default (as well as
an untimely motion to dismiss, raising the same arguments as the motions to vacate). See Feb.
12, 2014 Mem. Op. & Order [ECF No. 31]; Feb. 3, 2014 Order [ECF No. 26]; Jan. 24, 2014
Mem. Op. [ECF No. 23]. In doing so, the Court noted Ergo's habit of filing motions with "no
acknowledgment of the series of adverse rulings finding all of Ergo's arguments to be untimely,
meritless, or (usually) both." Feb. 12, 2014 Mem. Op. & Order at 2.
A few weeks later, on March 21, 2014, Robinson filed [34] a motion for attorney's fees.
Ergo did not respond. The Court granted the fee request as conceded about a month later,
because the Local Rules require any opposition brief to be filed within 14 days of a motion, and
because this was "not the first time Ergo [had] ignored Robinson's filings." Apr. 17, 2014 Order
[ECF No. 39] at 2 (awarding $36,050 in attorney's fees and $2,280 in costs). Two days later,
Ergo filed [40] its third motion to vacate.
Around this time, Robinson also filed [35] [36] [37] [38] [44] five applications for writs
of attachment, seeking to enforce her judgment (and the subsequent fee award) by attaching
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debts owed to Ergo by a handful of local businesses. 1 The Clerk of Court granted the
applications for the writs of attachment on April 21, 2014, and on May 19, 2014. Since that
time, the various third-party garnishees have frozen their accounts payable to Ergo, consistent
with their obligations under the D.C. Code and the terms of the writs themselves. Robinson then
filed [51] [53] [54] [61] a series of "motions for an order to release funds" held by some of the
third-party garnishees, as well as [48] [49] [58] [59] [60] objections to the responses filed by
some of the garnishees to the Clerk of Court's interrogatories. At least four of these filings
appear to have been duplicates, filed by Robinson's counsel by accident. See, e.g., June 25, 2014
Notice to Withdraw Docket Entry.
Apparently, Robinson's aggressive attachment campaign—which has resulted in
attachments in excess of $115,000 dollars, even though Ergo only owes Robinson a total of
$58,330 dollars—has placed significant stress on Ergo's cash flow situation. In fact, Ergo's CEO
claims that Ergo will not be able to meet its payroll obligations as early as July 7, 2014, unless
the Court stays, modifies, or dissolves some of the writs of attachment. See Aff. of Courtland
Wyatt, Attach 1. to Def.'s Emergency Mot. [ECF No. 57-1] ¶ 5. For this reason, Ergo filed an
"emergency" motion seeking relief and, out of respect for the collateral consequences that could
be faced by Ergo's employees, the Court ordered briefing on an expedited schedule. All of the
motions are now fully briefed and ripe for resolution.
DISCUSSION
I. Motion to Vacate the Default Judgment
The Court has already denied several motions from Ergo, each challenging Robinson's
method of serving process or seeking to vacate the Clerk of Court's entry of default (or both).
1
To be precise, Robinson's counsel filed six applications, but one of them was apparently a duplicate filed
by accident. See May 19, 2014 Notice of Corrected Docket Entry. For reasons unknown, Robinson's counsel is
consistently unable to properly file documents through the CM/ECF system on his first attempt.
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See Feb. 12, 2014 Mem. Op. & Order; Feb. 3, 2014 Order; Jan. 24, 2014 Mem. Op. Since that
time, the Court has held a damages hearing, see Feb. 19, 2014 Minute Entry, and has entered a
default judgment in favor of Robinson, see Mar. 4, 2014 Order [ECF No. 32]. Apparently
undeterred, Ergo now moves to vacate the default judgment. The Court will deny Ergo's latest
motion to vacate, just as it denied the others.
At the outset, it is important to "note that there is a distinction between the appropriate
standard for setting aside a default and that appropriate for setting aside a default judgment."
Jackson v. Beech, 636 F.2d 831, 835 (D.C. Cir. 1980). "A default can be set aside under rule
55(c) for 'good cause shown,' but a default that has become final as a judgment can be set aside
only under the stricter rule 60(b) standards for setting aside final, appealable orders." Id. For
this reason, Ergo must come forth with a stronger showing to vacate the default judgment than it
would have needed to vacate the default. See, e.g., Capital Yacht Club v. Vessel AVIVA, 228
F.R.D. 389, 393 (D.D.C. 2005) ("[I]n this circuit courts grant vacatur of default more freely than
vacatur of default judgment."). When applying Rule 60(b) 2 in the context of a motion to vacate a
default judgment, the factors a district court must consider "are whether: (1) the default was
willful, (2) the alleged defense was meritorious, and (3) a set-aside would prejudice plaintiff."
Int'l Painters & Allied Trades Union and Indus. Pension Fund v. H.W. Ellis Painting Co., Inc.,
288 F. Supp. 2d 22, 26 (D.D.C. 2003) (citing Jackson, 636 F.2d at 835). A defendant's
"deliberate decision to default . . . is generally not excusable." Id. Ultimately, "the decision
whether a default judgment should be set aside is one committed to the sound discretion of the
trial court." Jackson, 636 F.2d at 835.
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"Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) authorizes a court to relieve a party from a previous judgment or
order for six enumerated reasons: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect; (2) newly discovered
evidence; (3) fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct by an opposing party; (4) a void judgment; (5) a
satisfied, released, or discharged judgment; or (6) 'any other reason justifying relief from the operation of the
judgment.'" Norris v. Salazar, 277 F.R.D. 22, 25 (D.D.C. 2011) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)).
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a. Meritorious Defense
The point bears repeating: this is Ergo's third motion to set aside the default (or default
judgment) in this case, and its fourth motion challenging the validity of service of process. The
Court rejected each of Ergo's previous requests, all in written opinions. The only new
"argument" Ergo offers is the only one the Court will consider: Ergo now claims that the District
of Columbia Corporations Division was "careless at best or untruthful at worst" when it
previously certified that it forwarded the serving documents to Ergo's registered agent, after
Robinson requested that it do so (through established statutory procedures). Def.'s Third Mot. to
Vacate [ECF No. 40] at 6-7. In support of this argument, Ergo includes a signed and sealed
"certificate" from Patricia E. Grays, the District of Columbia Superintendent of Corporations.
See Ex. A to Def.'s Third Mot. to Vacate. The certificate attests that "[a] copy of the Summons
and Complaint was sent by certified mailed [sic] on October 11, 2012 to the known address for"
Ergo. Id. It goes on to state that "the aforesaid Service of Process has been returned to this
office on November 2, 2012." Id. Ergo claims that this is proof that service of process in this
case was never completed properly, and that, therefore, the Court lacked personal jurisdiction
over Ergo, and the default judgment should be set aside.
This "certificate" amounts to a completely unacknowledged and unexplained 180-degree
reversal for Grays, the D.C. Superintendent of Corporations. On January 14, 2014—just four
months earlier—Grays signed her first "certificate" in this case. That one started with the same
language about the serving documents being "sent by certified mailed [sic]" to Ergo's last known
address. Attach. 1 to Pl.'s Sur-Reply In Opp'n to Ergo's Mot. to Dismiss [ECF No. 19-1]. Then,
Grays wrote "that the aforesaid Service of Process has not been returned to this office." Id.
(emphasis added).
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To sum up: the Court was told on January 14, 2014 that service of process had not been
returned to the DCRA Corporations Division, and then was told on April 4, 2014—by the same
person—that service of process had been returned to the DCRA Corporations Division (in
November of 2012). This frustrating, troubling, and ultimately unexplained contradiction
informs the Court's analysis of Ergo's only "new" argument that it has a potentially "meritorious
defense" warranting setting aside the default judgment under the three-part Jackson test.
Importantly, the Court cannot know which "certificate" is accurate. The first version (filed by
Robinson's counsel, closer in time to the events in question) seems just as likely to be accurate as
the second version (filed by Ergo's counsel, after entry of a default judgment).
Another significant consideration: although defects in personal jurisdiction (defects in
service of process are defects in personal jurisdiction) do go to the power of a Court to render a
judgment against a party, "personal jurisdiction, unlike federal subject-matter jurisdiction, is
waivable." Mwani v. Bin Laden, 417 F.3d 1, 11 (D.C. Cir. 2005) (internal quotation marks
omitted). For this reason, Ergo is on thin ice in making new arguments relating to personal
jurisdiction after filing several previous motions on the very same issue. The events in question
happened in late 2012, and Ergo has offered no explanation for failing to bring this (alleged)
defect in service of process to the Court's attention earlier—say, during briefing on one of its
previous motions to vacate. Ergo's strategy of litigating the service-of-process issue seriatim is
highly inappropriate, and continues to cause a significant waste of the Court's and the parties'
resources.
Even if the Court were to consider the service-of-process issue on a clean slate, the only
new (alleged) information relates to actions taken (or, more precisely, not taken) by the DCRA
Corporations Division. None of Robinson's behavior in attempting to serve process has been
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called into question. There is no dispute that Robinson did everything she could to serve process
under the D.C. Code—and she only served the DCRA Corporations Division (through a process
explicitly permitted by the D.C. Code, see D.C. Code § 29-104.12(d)) because Ergo's registered
agent for service of process was intentionally evading service. See Feb. 12, 2014 Mem. Op. at 3
(discussing Ergo's "bad-faith strategy of intentional delay").
Finally, assuming arguendo that Ergo had a legitimate (or even reasonable) argument
about a defect in personal jurisdiction, this would not have provided a meritorious defense to the
merits of the underlying action—only to the entry of a default judgment. Ergo does not claim to
have any defense to the underlying allegations of sexual harassment (nor did it offer any hint of
the existence of any such defense at the damages hearing—in which the severity of the alleged
harassment was an important issue relating to damages). Although case law on this point is
sparse, it is reasonable to think that the "meritorious defense" factor contemplated by the D.C.
Circuit in Jackson refers to a meritorious defense to the underlying allegations of the
complaint—not a procedural hiccup that would simply restart the proceedings, ultimately leading
to the same bottom-line result. For all these reasons, the Court finds that the "meritorious
defense" factor is, at best, neutral.
b. Willfulness and Prejudice
The other two Jackson factors—willfulness of the default and prejudice to the plaintiff—
both weigh strongly in favor of leaving the default judgment in place. As already discussed at
length in a previous opinion, Ergo has admitted that it made a deliberate and strategic decision to
ignore plaintiff's complaint. See Feb. 12, 2014 Mem. Op. & Order at 4-5. "The Court has found
no case where a court set aside a default judgment in the face of a willful default, and several
cases suggest that a finding of willfulness is virtually dispositive." Id. And Robinson will be
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prejudiced here by setting aside the default, including, for example, because the costs to litigate
this matter have already exceeded the total value of plaintiff's damage award—due, in large part,
to Ergo's seriatim filing of frivolous motions.
* * *
On balance, the Court finds that the Jackson factors—to be considered more strictly now
that a default judgment has been entered—require the Court to leave the default judgment in
place. The Court may never know exactly what happened with service of process in this case,
but Ergo's arguments, ultimately, are too little, too late to meet the high standard for vacating a
final judgment under Rule 60(b). The motion to vacate will be denied.
II. Attorney's Fees
Turning to the issue of attorney's fees, Ergo seeks: (1) reconsideration of the Court's
Order granting Robinson's unopposed motion for attorney's fees, (2) leave to file a belated
opposition brief to Robinson's motion for attorney's fees, and (3) leave to take discovery from
Robinson and her counsel on the issue of attorney's fees. All three requests are meritless, and
will be denied.
Under the Local Civil Rules for the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia,
"[w]ithin 14 days of the date of service" of a motion, "an opposing party shall serve and file a
memorandum of points and authorities in opposition to the motion. If such a memorandum is
not filed within the prescribed time, the Court may treat the motion as conceded." Local Rule
7(b). This rule is not some obscure technicality; it is regularly enforced in this district. See, e.g.,
Cromartie v. District of Columbia, 729 F. Supp. 2d 281, 285 (D.D.C. 2010), aff'd, 479 F. App'x
355 (D.C. Cir. 2012). And the D.C. Circuit has repeatedly affirmed enforcement of this rule as
an appropriate exercise of district court authority and discretion. See, e.g., Fox v. Am. Airlines,
8
Inc., 389 F.3d 1291, 1294-95 (D.C. Cir. 2004) ("This court has yet to deem such a
straightforward application of Local Rule 7(b) an abuse of discretion and . . . we see no reason
for doing so here."); Twelve John Does v. District of Columbia, 117 F.3d 571, 577 (D.C. Cir.
1997) ("Where the district court relies on the absence of a response as a basis for treating the
motion as conceded, we honor its enforcement of the rule.").
Robinson's motion for attorney's fees was a perfect candidate for enforcement of Local
Rule 7(b). First, Ergo had already exhibited a pattern of intentionally ignoring Robinson's
filings. See Apr. 17, 2014 Order ("This is not the first time Ergo has ignored Robinson's
filings."). Second, this was an attorney's fees motion, collateral to the merits of the case. Third,
the Court's independent "review of Robinson's motion (which included counsel's billing
statements) reveal[ed] no obvious errors or improprieties." Id. at 2. Fourth, Ergo was
represented by counsel. Finally, it is not as if Ergo narrowly missed the 14-day deadline and
then filed a helpful opposition brief and humbly requested belated leave to file—the Court
granted the motion for fees after 27 days without a response, and Ergo's first acknowledgment of
the motion's existence came in its omnibus "emergency" motion, on June 19, 2014. That was 90
days after the fee motion was filed (on March 21, 2014), and came after Ergo had filed its third
motion to vacate—a motion that contained no mention of the fact that Robinson had filed a
motion for attorney's fees (let alone that the Court had already granted it as conceded).
For these reasons, the Court will deny Ergo's request to reconsider the Court's Order
granting Robinson's motion for attorney's fees as conceded, and will deny Ergo's motion for
leave to file an untimely opposition brief. Finally, regarding Ergo's belated request to take
discovery of Robinson and her counsel on the issue of attorney's fees, the Court need not say
anything, except that the request is denied as moot.
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III. Writs of Attachment
Ergo also seeks—on an "emergency" basis—to stay, modify, or dissolve some of the
writs of attachment that currently encumber various debts owed to Ergo by four local businesses.
Under Rule 69 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a plaintiff seeking to enforce a judgment
may use "a writ of execution," as long as it "accord[s] with the procedure of the state where the
court is located." Fed. R. Civ. P. 69(a)(1). And, in the District of Columbia, the D.C. Code sets
out a statutory procedure for doing so. See D.C. Code §§ 16-541 et seq.
Importantly, Ergo does not argue that Robinson's writs of attachment—which have now
been ordered and docketed by the Clerk and the Chief Judge of this court—are somehow
procedurally improper. And, on their face, the writs appear to have been issued in compliance
with the relevant provisions of the D.C. Code (and thus, in compliance with Federal Civil Rule
69). So, the Court's analysis begins with the assumption that all of the writs are legally valid. 3
The legal validity of the writs, then, begs the question: what is Ergo's basis for nullifying,
staying, or modifying them? Ergo offers only one: a vague appeal to the "fairness" concerns
supposedly implicated by Robinson's having attached more assets than would be necessary to
satisfy the judgment (that is, assuming all of the attached assets were to be paid to Robinson).
But, once again, Ergo does not argue that Robinson's (admittedly aggressive) approach to
enforcing the unpaid judgment actually violates any D.C. or federal statute, regulation, or rule of
procedure. Ergo argues only that it is "unfair" that so much money is now frozen in place,
making it difficult for Ergo to pay its (other) bills.
Under the circumstances of this case, Ergo's appeal to fairness falls on deaf ears. Ergo's
dilemma is of its own making. There is nothing unfair about seeking to enforce a validly entered
3
Because of Ergo's failure to make any argument that the writs were issued improperly, the Court issues no
holding on that question.
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judgment when the defendant refuses to pay. And Robinson's decision to attach more assets than
necessary does not change the result—this tactic can likely be explained by Robinson's
(seemingly well-founded) concern that Ergo would make it as difficult as possible to collect on
her judgment. Ultimately, if Ergo wishes to extinguish the writs of attachment, the Court offers
the following suggestion: pay the judgment. Ergo has made no suggestion it cannot afford a one-
time payment of $58,330. And all of Ergo's procedural challenges to the judgment have, once
again, proved meritless, so no excuses for delay remain. The moment Ergo pays the judgment it
will be free of the burdens created by the writs of attachment. The timing of this process is now
up to Ergo alone.
CONCLUSION AND ORDER
Upon consideration of [40] [51] [53] [54] [57] [61] the parties' miscellaneous procedural
motions, the parties' memoranda, applicable law, and the entire record herein, it is hereby
ORDERED that [40] Ergo's motion to vacate the default judgment is DENIED; it is
further
ORDERED that [57] Ergo's motion to reconsider [39] the Court's April 17, 2014 Order
granting Robinson's motion for attorney's fees and costs is DENIED; it is further
ORDERED that [57] Ergo's motion for leave to file an untimely opposition brief to
Robinson's motion for attorney's fees and costs is DENIED; it is further
ORDERED that [57] Ergo's motion for discovery on the issue of attorney's fees is
DENIED; it is further
ORDERED that [57] Ergo's motion to stay, modify, or dissolve the writs of attachment
is DENIED; it is further
ORDERED that [57] Ergo's motion for one of the third-party garnishee's funds to be
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deposited in the Court's registry pending resolution of [40] Ergo's motion to vacate the default
judgment is DENIED AS MOOT; it is further
ORDERED that the writs of attachment shall be dissolved upon Ergo's full satisfaction
of [32] the March 4, 2014 default judgment and [39] the April 17, 2014 Order granting
Robinson's motion for attorney's fees and costs ("the judgments"); it is further
ORDERED that the parties shall file a joint status report (or separate status reports, if
they cannot agree) with respect to payment of the judgments either within 24 hours of Ergo's full
satisfaction of the judgments, or by not later than July 9, 2014, whichever is earlier; it is further
ORDERED that the parties shall transmit a copy of the status report(s) to each of the
third-party garnishees; it is further
ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court shall mail a copy of this Memorandum Opinion
& Order to each of the third-party garnishees at the addresses listed on the docket; it is further
ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court shall mail a copy of this Memorandum Opinion
& Order to Patricia E. Grays, District of Columbia Superintendent of Corporations; and it is
further
ORDERED that [51] [53] [54] [61] Robinson's motions for orders to release funds shall
be HELD IN ABEYANCE, to be revisited by the Court upon receipt of the parties' status
report(s).
SO ORDERED.
/s/
JOHN D. BATES
United States District Judge
Dated: July 2, 2014
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