Tyler, Jr. v. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
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MAURICE B. TYLER, JR. )
)
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Plaintiff, )
)
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v. ) Civil Action No. 1:14-cv-00601 (ESH)
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WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA )
TRANSIT AUTHORITY )
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Defendant. )
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MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Plaintiff Maurice B. Tyler, Jr. brings this action under the Rehabilitation Act against
Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (“WMATA”). Before the Court is defendant’s
motion to dismiss the complaint pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) on the ground that
plaintiff’s claim is time-barred. (Def.’s Mot. to Dismiss, May 7, 2014 [ECF No. 5].) For the
following reasons, the Court will deny defendant’s motion.
BACKGROUND
According to the complaint, in November 2010 plaintiff applied for a job as a security
officer with defendant and received a “conditional offer of employment” contingent on being in
“[s]ufficient physical condition, as determined by a Medical History and Examination, necessary
to perform the essential functions of a WMATA Special Police Officer.” (Compl. ¶ 7, April 11,
2014 [ECF No. 1].) In October 2011, plaintiff attended an interview at defendant’s office and
underwent a physical examination and psychological evaluation. (Id. ¶¶ 9, 13.) In May 2012,
defendant informed plaintiff that he had not met the standard for employment with WMATA as a
result of his psychological evaluation. (Id. ¶ 16.) The following month, plaintiff filed a
discrimination claim with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”). (Id. ¶¶
17, 18.) On January 14, 2014, the EEOC informed plaintiff that they were closing his case and
that he had ninety days to file a lawsuit based on the investigated charge. (Id. ¶ 24.)
On April 11, 2014, plaintiff filed the pending case, claiming that defendant violated the
Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. § 791 et seq., because it failed to hire him because of a perception
that he was disabled (Count I) and failed to determine whether reasonable employment
accommodations could be made for his perceived disability (Count II).1 Plaintiff seeks lost
wages and benefits, front pay and benefits, and $300,000 in compensatory damages for pain and
suffering, mental anguish, and emotional distress. (Id. 6.) Defendant has moved to dismiss the
case as time-barred pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6).
ANALYSIS
The Rehabilitation Act lacks a statute of limitations. See generally 29 U.S.C. § 791, et
seq. When Congress has failed to establish a statute of limitations for a federal cause of action,
“federal courts may ‘borrow’ one from an analogous state cause of action, provided that the state
limitations period is not inconsistent with underlying federal policies.” Spiegler v. District of
Columbia, 866 F.2d 461, 463-64 (D.C. Cir. 1989); see also Wilson v. Garcia, 471 U.S. 261,
266-67 (1985). The Supreme Court has directed courts borrowing a state limitations period to
apply the state’s tolling provisions as well, since “in virtually all statutes of limitations the
chronological length of the limitation period is interrelated with provisions regarding tolling,
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Although plaintiff’s complaint references § 501 of the Rehabilitation Act, that section only
applies to federal employees. (Compl. ¶ 1.) Section § 504 pertains to discrimination under
federal grants and programs, and WMATA acknowledges that it receives federal financial
assistance and that § 504 applies. Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. § 794 (2006).
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revival, and questions of application.” Johnson v. Railway Exp. Agency, Inc., 421 U.S. 454, 464
(1975); see also Harding v. Straub, 490 U.S. 536, 539 (1989); Bd. Of Regents, Univ. of N.Y. v.
Tomanio, 446 U.S. 478, 485-86 (1980); J.S. ex rel. Duck v. Isle of Wight County School Bd., 402
F.3d 468, 477 (4th Cir. 2005). For Rehabilitation Act claims in this jurisdiction, federal courts
have uniformly borrowed the District of Columbia’s three-year statute of limitations for personal
injury claims. See, e.g., Adams v. District of Columbia, 740 F. Supp. 2d 173, 184 (D.D.C. 2010);
Gordon v. District of Columbia, 605 F. Supp. 2d 239, 244-45 (D.D.C. 2009); Stewart v. District
of Columbia, No. 04cv1444, 2006 WL 626921, at *11 (D.D.C. Mar. 12, 2006). In a recent
decision, however, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals held that a claim under the
Rehabilitation Act is “far more similar” to a claim under the District of Columbia Human Rights
Act, (“DCHRA”), D.C. Code § 2-1403.16(a) (2001), “than it is to an ordinary personal injury
claim” and, therefore, that it would borrow the DCHRA’s one-year limitations period. Jaiyeola
v. District of Columbia, 40 A.3d 356, 364-68 (D.C. 2012).
Relying on Jaiyeola, defendant argues that plaintiff’s complaint should be dismissed as
time-barred because plaintiff filed his complaint in April 2014, almost two years after he was
informed by defendant that he would not be hired. (Def.’s Mot. at 4.) In response, plaintiff
points out that Jaiyeola is not binding precedent, see Banks v. Chesapeake and Potomac
Telephone Co., 802 F.2d 1416, 1420 (D.C. Cir. 1986) (“a particular state's characterization of a
federal claim for purposes of determining which statute of limitations is applicable is not binding
on a federal court”), and urges the Court to continue borrowing the three-year limitations period
for personal injury claims. (Pl.’s Resp. to Def.’s Mot. at 1, May 20, 2014 [ECF No. 6].) In the
alternative, plaintiff argues that if the one-year limitations period applies, it was tolled while his
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EEOC complaint was pending and, thus, had not expired when he filed his federal complaint in
April 2014. (Id.)
The Court need not decide which statute of limitations to borrow because it agrees with
plaintiff that even if the one-year limitations period were applied, it was tolled while the EEOC
complaint was pending and had not expired by April 2014. Defendant argues that there can be
no tolling because § 504 does not require plaintiffs to exhaust administrative remedies before
filing a lawsuit. However, under the DCHRA, the statute of limitations for private causes of
action is tolled during the time in which a complainant pursues administrative remedies,
regardless of whether the complainant is required to exhaust these remedies before filing a
lawsuit, D.C. Code § 2-1403.16, and as previously noted, when a federal court borrows a
limitations period, it must also borrow the associated tolling provisions. Johnson v. Railway
Exp. Agency, Inc., 421 U.S. at 464. Nor is the decision in Adams not to toll the running of the
statute of limitations for a Rehabilitation Act claim while a plaintiff pursued administrative
remedies to the contrary because the court there was borrowing the three-years limitations period
for personal injury claims not the one-year limitations period of the DCHRA. Adams, 740 F.
Supp. 2d at 184 (D.D.C. 2010). Accordingly, the limitations period for plaintiff’s claims began
to run in May 2012, when WMATA told plaintiff that he would not be hired, but it was tolled
from June 2012, when he filed his EEOC complaint, until January 14, 2014, when the EEOC
closed his case. Accordingly, when plaintiff filed his complaint in April 2014, he was well
within the one-year limitations period.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, it is hereby
ORDERED that defendant’s motion to dismiss plaintiff’s complaint [ECF No. 4] as
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time-barred is DENIED.
/s/
ELLEN SEGAL HUVELLE
United States District Judge
Date: July 3, 2014
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