United States v. Sutton

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
____________________________________
)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA )
)
v. ) Criminal No. 21-0598 (PLF)
)
TERENCE SUTTON, )
)
Defendant. )
____________________________________)
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
On October 3, 2021, the United States sought leave to file under seal its motion to
disqualify counsel for defendant Terence Sutton, explaining that “its Motion to Disqualify
Counsel substantially refers to and discusses ” subject to the protections of
Rule 6(e) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. Motion for Leave to File Under Seal
(“Gov’t Mot. Seal”) [Dkt. No. 23] at 1; see also Motion to Disqualify Counsel (“Gov’t Mot.
Disqualify”) [Dkt. No. 34]. To ensure that the at issue would not be
improperly disclosed, the Court granted the motion to seal on October 5, 2021 and ordered that
both the motion to disqualify and the motion to seal remain sealed “until otherwise ordered by
the Court.” October 5, 2021 Order [Dkt. No. 32].
On October 13, 2021, Mr. Sutton filed a sealed Opposition to Government’s
Motion to File Under Seal (“Def. Opp.”) [Dkt. No. 37], requesting that the motion to disqualify
“be unsealed in its entirety.” Id. at 1. Mr. Sutton further requested that “all subsequent
pleadings” be placed “in the public record.” Id. at 2. Later that same day, the Court entered a
sealed minute order directing that “[u]ntil further order of the Court, all filings related to the
government[’]s Motion to Disqualify Counsel shall be filed under seal.” On October 15, 2021,
the United States filed a sealed Reply in Support of Motion for Leave to File Under Seal (“Gov’t
Reply”) [Dkt. No. 39], and on October 17, 2021, Mr. Sutton filed a sealed Surreply in Opposition
to Government’s Motion to File Under Seal (“Def. Surreply”) [Dkt. No. 41].
I. SEALING
After careful consideration of the arguments of both parties, the Court concludes
that all filings related to the United States’ motion to disqualify should remain under seal. “The
Supreme Court ‘consistently ha[s] recognized that the proper functioning of our grand jury
system depends upon the secrecy of grand jury proceedings.’” In re Sealed Case
No. 98-3077, 151 F.3d 1059, 1070 (D.C. Cir. 1998) (quoting Douglas Oil Co. of Cal. v. Petrol
Stops Nw., 441 U.S. 211, 218 (1979)). “The secrecy of grand jury proceedings is today
preserved through [Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure] 6(e),” In re Motions of Dow Jones &
Co., 142 F.3d 496, 499 (D.C. Cir. 1998), which “expressly prohibits the disclosure of ‘matter[s]
occurring before the grand jury’ except in cases where ‘[the Federal Rules of Criminal
Procedure] provide otherwise,’” In re Capitol Breach Grand Jury Investigations Within the Dist.
of Columbia, Grand Jury Action No. 21-20, 2021 WL 3021465, at *5 (D.D.C. July 16, 2021)
(quoting FED. R. CRIM. P. 6(e)(2)(B)). “[T]he necessary implication” of this framework is that
unless an exception applies, “sharing grand jury information . . . would be a prohibited
disclosure.” In re Sealed Case, 250 F.3d 764, 768 (D.C. Cir. 2001).
Filings related to the United States’ motion to disqualify will unavoidably include
discussion of . The United
States’ argument for disqualification is that the attorneys representing Mr. Sutton in this case
also represent
. Gov’t Mot. Disqualify at 1. The United States lays
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out this argument by
. Id. at 3-5.
The United States further describes
. Id. at 6. Mr. Sutton’s response to the motion
to disqualify will in turn need to address
.
Mr. Sutton nonetheless asserts that Rule 6(e) does not restrict disclosure here
because the United States’ motion to disqualify “express[es the] opinions [of the United States]
as to .” Def. Opp. at 2. The Court
disagrees. First, the motion to disqualify does recount in some
detail. See Gov’t Mot. Disqualify at 6. Moreover, the secrecy provisions of Rule 6(e) are not
limited to . They extend generally to “matter[s] occurring
before the grand jury.” FED. R. CRIM. P. 6(e)(2)(B). “Encompassed within the rule of secrecy
are the identities of witnesses or jurors, the substance of testimony, as well as actual transcripts,
the strategy or direction of the investigation, the deliberations or questions of jurors, and the
like.” In re Motions of Dow Jones & Co., 142 F.3d at 499-500 (quotation marks omitted).
Information about falls within this
definition of “matters occurring before the grand jury.” Furthermore,
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Mr. Sutton also argues that “[Rule] 6(e)(3)(E) clearly provides for disclosure of
in connection with the motion to disqualify” because the rule states that a
court may authorize disclosure “in connection with a judicial proceeding.” Def. Surreply at 1
(quoting FED. R. CRIM. P. 6(e)(3)(E)(i)). Before ordering disclosure of grand jury materials
pursuant to Rule 6(e)(3)(E)(i), however, a court must conclude that “[t]he person seeking
disclosure” has shown “a ‘particularized need’ for the requested grand jury materials,” which
arises “preliminarily to or in connection with” a “judicial proceeding.” In re Capitol Breach
Grand Jury Investigations Within the Dist. of Columbia, 2021 WL 3021465, at *19 (quoting
United States v. Sells Eng’g, 463 U.S. 418, 442-43 (1983)). “Rule [6(e)] contemplates only uses
related fairly directly to some identifiable litigation,” and therefore, “[i]f the primary purpose of
disclosure is not to assist in preparation or conduct of a judicial proceeding, disclosure under
[Rule 6(e)(3)(E)(i)] is not permitted.” United States v. Baggot, 463 U.S. 476, 480 (1983).
Indeed, Mr. Sutton and his counsel are already receiving grand jury information through the
discovery process for the purpose of preparing Mr. Sutton’s defense in this proceeding. See
October 5, 2021 Order [Dkt. No. 30] (authorizing the United States “provide in discovery
materials protected by Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 6(e)”).
Mr. Sutton now asks the Court for more than Rule 6(e) allows: he seeks to
disclose on the public docket information about grand jury proceedings, which he and his
counsel have received pursuant to a limited exception to the general principle of grand jury
secrecy embodied in Rule 6(e). Such disclosure would not serve any purpose related to the
“preparation or conduct of a judicial proceeding” that is not already served by disclosure to Mr.
Sutton and his counsel in discovery. United States v. Baggot, 463 U.S. at 480. In addition, even
if it did serve a permissible purpose under Rule 6(e)(3)(E)(i), Mr. Sutton has not established any
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particularized need for such disclosure. Mr. Sutton cites no authority for his assertion that
can and should be on the public record pursuant to Fed. R. Crim.
P. 6(e)(3)(E)(i),” Def. Surreply at 2, appearing to incorrectly suggest a general right of public
access to these materials. See In re Motions of Dow Jones & Co., 142 F.3d at 499 (“[T]here is
no First Amendment right of access to grand jury proceedings.”).
Mr. Sutton also suggests that the United States improperly designated
as “sensitive” under the protective order governing discovery, citing Rule 49.1 of
the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. See Def. Surreply at 1-2. This argument is beside the
point, as neither the protective order nor Rule 49.1 are at issue. The basis for sealing these
filings – as stated clearly by the United States in its motion and reply brief – is that they contain
protected by Rule 6(e). See Gov’t Mot. at 1 (“The government seeks this
Order because its Motion to Disqualify Counsel substantially refers to and discusses
that is subject to [Rule] 6(e).”); Gov’t Reply at 2 (“Given the[] limits on the public
dissemination o[f] 6(e) material, as well as the centrality of to [the]
government’s motion to disqualify, the instant litigation is appropriately sealed.”).
Because resolution of the motion to disqualify will necessarily require
consideration and discussion of , all filings related to that
motion shall remain under seal until further order of the Court.
II. JOINT STATUS REPORT
The United States suggests in its motion to seal that “this motion likely will be
publicly docketed in the future” and requests “the opportunity to propose redactions to its Motion
to Disqualify Counsel prior to its unsealing.” Gov’t Mot. Seal at 1. The Court will not direct the
parties to file public redacted versions of any of the briefing related to the motion to disqualify
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until that motion has been fully briefed. After the United States files its reply in support of the
motion to disqualify, which is currently due on or before October 26, 2021, the parties are
directed to meet and confer in an effort to agree on proposed redactions for public versions of the
briefing. On or before November 2, 2021, the parties are directed to file under seal a joint status
report setting forth their agreement concerning redactions, or if they cannot agree, explaining
with particularity their areas of disagreement.
In that sealed joint status report, the parties should also address whether the
hearing on the motion to disqualify, which is currently scheduled to take place on
November 18, 2021, should be held in open court, or whether the hearing should be partially
open with certain portions taking place under seal. See FED. R. CRIM. P. 6(e)(5) (“[T]he court
must close any hearing to the extent necessary to prevent disclosure of a matter occurring before
a grand jury.”).
In light of the foregoing, it is hereby
ORDERED that consistent with the Court’s October 5, 2021 Order [Dkt. No. 32]
and the Court’s October 13, 2021 Minute Order, all filings related to the United States’ Motion
to Disqualify Counsel [Dkt. No. 34], including the briefing on the United States’ Motion for
Leave to File Under Seal [Dkt. No. 23], shall be filed under seal and shall remain under seal until
further order of this Court; it is
FURTHER ORDERED that after briefing on the Motion to Disqualify Counsel
[Dkt. No. 34] is completed, the parties are directed to meet and confer in an effort to agree upon
redactions for public versions of the briefing associated with that motion; and it is
FURTHER ORDERED that on or before November 2, 2021, the parties shall file
under seal a joint status report setting forth their agreement concerning redactions for public
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versions of filings related to the motion to disqualify, or if they cannot agree, explaining with
particularity their areas of disagreement and addressing whether and to what extent the motions
hearing currently scheduled for November 18, 2021 should take place in open court or under
seal.
SO ORDERED.
_____/s/___________________
PAUL L. FRIEDMAN
United States District Judge
DATE: October 21, 2021
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