Lutfi v. Lockheed Martin Corporation

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
GEORGE LUTFI, )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
v. ) Civil Action No. 14-1214 (ABJ)
)
LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION, et al., )
)
Defendants. )
MEMORANDUM OPINION
This matter is before the Court on Lockheed Martin Services, Inc.’s Motion to Dismiss,
or in the Alternative, Motion for Summary Judgment [ECF No. 7], the Motion to Dismiss of
Defendant Federal Aviation Administration [ECF No. 19], and plaintiff’s Motion for Leave to
File First Amended Complaint [ECF No. 27]. For the reasons discussed below, defendants’
motions will be granted, and plaintiff’s motion will be denied.
I. BACKGROUND
Plaintiff, a Virginia resident, Compl. ¶ 7, describes himself as “an Information
Technology (IT) specialist with unique skills in the business intelligence area, including data
integration and database management,” id. ¶ 12. He is a former employee of Lockheed Martin
Services, Inc. (“Lockheed”), see id. ¶ 7, which had entered into a contract with the Federal
Aviation Administration (“FAA”) “under the National Air Space (NAS) Implementation Support
Contract (NISC),” id. ¶ 9. 1 Plaintiff identifies his former supervisor as Samir Dhamsania and
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It appears that the proper corporate defendant is Lockheed Martin Services, Inc., a wholly
owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation. See Lockheed Martin Services, Inc.’s Rule
7.1 Certification [ECF No. 8] at 1. For convenience, the Court refers to this defendant as
“Lockheed.”
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NISC’s program manager as Russell Zub; both of these defendants are Virginia residents. Id. ¶¶
10-11. 2
According to plaintiff, “[d]efendants . . . made false and defamatory statements” about
him by “accusing [him] of defrauding the FAA and Lockheed and causing project delay [for
which] Lockheed billed the FAA for its whole team, and/or . . . by publication on [d]efendant’s
email server that were replicated throughout the internet and by spam emails and videos.” Id. ¶
20. Plaintiff further alleges that defendant, either intentionally or negligently, “republished the
false and defamatory statements to other persons who responded relying on the statements . . .
with the intent to harm [his] . . . reputation, character, and/or to gain a competitive advantage.”
Id. In addition, defendants allegedly acted in such a way that plaintiff’s “current client and
business relationships and . . . prospective clients and business relationships,” id. ¶ 23, have been
harmed, id. ¶ 24. He demands compensatory and punitive damages, among other relief. Id. at 9
(page number designated by ECF).
II. DISCUSSION
A. Plaintiff’s Motion for Leave to Amend the Complaint
Lockheed filed its motion to dismiss or for summary judgment on August 22, 2014 [ECF
No. 7]. On August 25, 2014, the Court issued an order [ECF No. 9] directing plaintiff to file an
opposition or other response to Lockheed’s motion by September 22, 2014. The order warned
plaintiff that if he failed to file a timely opposition, the Court would treat Lockheed’s motion as
conceded. Further, the order directed plaintiff to show cause by September 22, 2014 why this
matter should not be dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. On September 22, 2014,
2
Lockheed’s counsel “has also been retained to represent Defendant Samir Dhamsania and
Russell Zub in this matter.” Defs.’ Mem. at 1 n.1. Neither of these defendants has been served
with process, and counsel has not entered an appearance on their behalf.
2
plaintiff filed a Partial Consent Motion for Leave to File Amended Complaint instead. [ECF No.
11].
In his motion, plaintiff stated that his amended complaint would eliminate some claims
and some defendants and add others, and he posited that the amendment would cure any defects
in subject matter jurisdiction. The Court denied plaintiff’s motion without prejudice on October
6, 2014 because the motion did not comply with Local Civil Rules 7(i) and 15.1 [ECF No. 16].
In its order, the Court specifically explained that the Local Rules require that any motion for
leave to amend must be accompanied by a copy of the amended pleading proposed to be filed.
The FAA filed its motion to dismiss on November 5, 2014 [ECF No. 19]. On November
6, 2014, the Court issued an order directing plaintiff to respond by November 26, 2014 to
Lockheed’s and FAA’s motions and to the order to show cause on the question of subject matter
jurisdiction [ECF No. 20]. Instead, on November 6, 2014, plaintiff again advised the Court of
his intent to file an amended complaint, and he requested an extension of time to do so [ECF.
No. 21].
On December 8, 2014, the Court set a new deadline – January 9, 2015 – for plaintiff’s
motion for leave to amend his complaint as well as his response to the order to show cause and
any oppositions to the pending motions to dismiss [ECF No. 24]. The order specified that the
motion for leave to amend must comply with Local Civil Rules 7(i) and 15.1, and that no further
extensions of time would be granted. Nevertheless, on January 9, 2015, plaintiff filed a third
motion for leave to file an amended complaint [ECF No. 27], and he again failed to supply the
revised complaint in accordance with the Local Civil Rules. Also, while plaintiff made reference
to a memorandum of points and authorities in his pleading, no memorandum was actually filed.
Similarly, plaintiff’s January 9, 2015 response to the Court’s order to show cause [ECF No. 25]
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and his opposition to Lockheed’s motion [ECF No. 26] also referred to a memorandum of points
and authorities that was not actually filed.
More than two weeks have passed since plaintiff’s filing deadline, and the proposed
amended complaint has not yet been submitted. Accordingly, plaintiff’s Motion for Leave to
File First Amended Complaint will be denied, and the motions to dismiss must be decided on the
face of the original complaint, without the benefit of any points and authorities submitted by the
plaintiff.
B. Lockheed Martin Services, Inc.’s Motion to Dismiss
“Federal courts are courts of limited subject matter jurisdiction [and] possess only that
power granted by the Constitution and federal statute[.]” Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of
Am., 511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994) (citations omitted). Thus, a federal district court has “an
affirmative obligation to ensure that it is acting within the scope of its jurisdictional authority.”
Grand Lodge of Fraternal Order of Police v. Ashcroft, 185 F. Supp. 2d 9, 13 (D.D.C. 2001).
“[W]hen a federal court concludes that it lacks subject-matter jurisdiction, the court must dismiss
the complaint in its entirety.” Arbaugh v. Y&H Corp., 546 U.S. 500, 514 (2006); see Fed. R.
Civ. P. 12(h)(3).
Plaintiff purports to bring two claims: defamation, see Compl. ¶ 20, and “intentional
tortious interference with business advantage,” see id. ¶¶ 22-24, and in his complaint, he invokes
this Court’s federal question jurisdiction, diversity jurisdiction, and supplemental jurisdiction.
See id. ¶¶ 4-5. But Lockheed argues that the Court cannot exercise jurisdiction over it for what
appear to be state law claims. See Mem. of P. & A. in Support of Mot. to Dismiss, or in the
Alternative, Mot. for Summ. J. (“Lockheed Mem.”) at 8-9. The Court concurs.
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Under 28 U.S.C. § 1331, a federal district court has “original jurisdiction of all civil
actions arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States.” Plaintiff asserts
that federal question jurisdiction exists “because the parties’ relationships are governed
exclusively by federal contracts and statutes, and because a federal agency is a Defendant.”
Compl. ¶ 4. But the causes of action plaintiff seeks to bring against Lockheed are only
cognizable under state law, and despite multiple invitations to give the Court reason to find
otherwise, plaintiff has failed to show that a federal statute controls. 3
A federal court also has “original jurisdiction of all civil actions where the matter in
controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000 . . . and is between . . . citizens of different
States[.]” 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a). Plaintiff argues that diversity jurisdiction exists “because at least
one of the Defendants and the Plaintiff are from diverse states.” Compl. ¶ 4. He is mistaken.
“[D]iversity jurisdiction does not exist unless each defendant is a citizen of a different State from
each plaintiff,” Owen Equip. & Erection Co. v. Kroger, 437 U.S. 365, 373 (1978) (emphasis in
original), and therefore “diversity jurisdiction is not . . . available when any plaintiff is a citizen
of the same State as any defendant,” id. at 374. In this case, as Lockheed notes, see Defs.’ Mem.
at 9, plaintiff, Dhamsania and Zub are Virginia residents. “Absent complete diversity, this Court
lacks subject-matter jurisdiction and dismissal is required as a matter of law.” Diaz v. Neighbors
Consejo, __ F. Supp. 3d __, __, 2015 WL 135861, at *1 (D.D.C. Jan. 12, 2015) (citing
Caterpillar, Inc. v. Lewis, 519 U.S. 61, 68 (1996)); Lewis v. Gov’t of the District of Columbia,
534 F. Supp. 2d 20, 22 (D.D.C. 2008), aff’d, 296 F. App’x 75 (D.C. Cir. 2008) (per curiam).
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Federal law, specifically the Federal Tort Claims Act (“FTCA”), see 28 U.S.C. §§ 1346(b)(1),
2671-80, would control plaintiff’s tort claims against the FAA. But subject matter jurisdiction
still is lacking under the FTCA given the showing by the FAA that plaintiff failed to exhaust his
administrative remedies before filing this lawsuit. See Defs.’ Mem. at 3-5; and e.g., McNeil v.
United States, 508 U.S. 109, 113 (1993).
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Plaintiff is no more successful in persuading the Court to exercise supplemental
jurisdiction. “[I]n any civil action of which the district courts have original jurisdiction, the
district courts shall have supplemental jurisdiction over all other claims that . . . form part of the
same case or controversy[.]” 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a). The exercise of supplemental jurisdiction is
discretionary, see Shekoyan v. Sibley Int’l, 409 F.3d 414, 423 (D.C. Cir. 2005), and ordinarily is
not warranted where “the district court has dismissed all claims over which it has original
jurisdiction[,]” 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c); see e.g., Trimble v. District of Columbia, 779 F. Supp. 2d
54, 60 (D.D.C. 2011) (declining to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over District of Columbia
statutory and common law claims after dismissal of civil rights claim brought under 42 U.S.C. §
1983). In this case, there simply is no claim over which the Court has original jurisdiction. Even
if plaintiff had raised a federal claim, “the balance of factors to be considered under the
[supplemental] jurisdiction doctrine,” which are “judicial economy, convenience, fairness, and
comity,” Carnegie-Mellon Univ. v. Cohill, 484 U.S. 343, 350 n.7 (1988), would weigh against
the exercise of jurisdiction over plaintiff’s state law claims, particularly where it appears that the
same or substantially similar claims were raised or could have been raised in litigation still
pending before the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, see generally Defs.’ Mem., Ex. 2
(First Am. Compl., Lutfi v. Lockheed Martin Corp., No. 2011 CA 8490 (D.C. Super. Ct. filed
Feb. 17, 2012)).
C. The FAA’s Motion to Dismiss
Notwithstanding the Court’s orders advising plaintiff of the deadline in which to file an
opposition to the FAA’s motion, [ECF No. 20], and its extension of that deadline [ECF No. 24],
to date, plaintiff has failed to file a response of any kind. Accordingly, the Court will treat the
FAA’s motion as conceded. See, e.g., Bell v. Redding, 539 F. Supp. 2d 423, 424-25 (D.D.C.
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2008) (treating motion as conceded where plaintiff failed to file opposition even after Court
order advised her “of her obligation to file an opposition to defendant’s motion to dismiss and
the consequences of her failure to do so”); see also Stephenson v. Cox, 223 F. Supp. 2d 119, 122
(D.D.C. 2002) (dismissing various counts of complaint as conceded, noting that “[t]he court’s
role is not to act as an advocate for the plaintiff and construct legal arguments on his behalf in
order to counter those in the motion to dismiss”).
III. CONCLUSION
The Court concludes that subject matter jurisdiction is lacking and, therefore, the
complaint and this civil action will be dismissed. An Order is issued separately.
DATE: January 26, 2015 /s/
AMY BERMAN JACKSON
United States District Judge
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