Kennedy-Jarvis v. Wells

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
)
LACREASHA A. KENNEDY-JARVIS, et )
al., )
)
Plaintiffs, )
)
v. ) Civil Action No. 13-cv-1596 (RDM)
)
CALVIN R. WELLS., )
)
)
Defendant. )
)
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
In this civil action, Plaintiffs allege that Defendant committed fraud and common-law
torts in connection with the estate of Defendant’s grandmother, Rose E. Walker. Before the
Court are Plaintiffs’ Motion to Strike and for Sanctions, Dkt. 29; Defendants’ Motion for
Judgment on the Pleadings or for Summary Judgment For Lack of Subject Matter Jurisdiction,
Dkt. 31; and Plaintiffs’ Motion for Leave to File an Amended Motion to Strike or Response in
Opposition to Defendant’s Motion in Opposition, Dkt. 35. The principal issue presented is
whether the judicially-recognized probate exception to federal jurisdiction is applicable to any or
all of Plaintiffs’ claims. For the reasons explained below, the Court concludes that, although the
Court lacks jurisdiction to consider whether to grant some of the relief sought, the probate
exception does not preclude the Court from adjudicating the merits of each of Plaintiffs’ claims.
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I. BACKGROUND
The complaint sets forth the following allegations, which, at this stage of the litigation
and in light of the minimal factual record before the Court, are taken as true for purposes of
resolving Defendant’s challenge to the Court’s jurisdiction. 1
Rose Walker, a resident of Plainfield, New Jersey, died on March 28, 2000. At the time
of her death, her will provided that all of her real and tangible personal property would be sold,
and the proceeds would be placed in a trust for the benefit of three beneficiaries: (1) James
Jarvis, who was Walker’s son; (2) Calvin Wells, who was Walker’s grandson and the Defendant
in this action; and (3) Rayfield Wells, who was another of Walker’s grandsons. Each beneficiary
received a one-third interest in the trust. The will also included a “spendthrift clause,” which
provided that each beneficiary would receive 20% of his share of the trust each year for a period
of five years.
Although United National Bank was named to serve as the executor and trustee, the
Defendant, Calvin Wells, was permitted by the Probate Part of the New Jersey Superior Court to
serve as substitute administrator. The complaint alleges that Defendant failed in his duties as
administrator and, before and after Walker’s death, engaged in a series of fraudulent or improper
1
On a motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, the plaintiff bears the burden to
establish jurisdiction by the preponderance of the evidence. See Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife,
504 U.S. 555, 561 (1992). The same standard, moreover, applies to a motion for judgment on
the pleadings. See Bowman v. District of Columbia, 562 F. Supp. 2d 30, 32 (D.D.C. 2008). In
resolving such a motion, the Court “may consider . . . the complaint standing alone,” or may
consider the “complaint ‘supplemented by undisputed facts evidenced in the record” or the
“court’s resolution of disputed facts.’” Id. at 32-33 (quoting Herbert v. National Academy of
Sciences, 974 F.2d 192, 197 (D.C. Cir. 1992)). Here, although Defendant moves, in the
alternative, for summary judgment, Dkt. 31 at 6-9, he has not presented any evidence that
controverts the allegations of the complaint relevant to the jurisdictional issue or that would
otherwise require the Court to disregard the allegations of the complaint for purposes of
resolving the pending motions. Dkt. 31 at 8.
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acts designed to deprive Defendant’s uncle, James Jarvis, of a substantial portion of his share of
the estate. It alleges, for example, that Defendant unduly influenced Walker to deed her
residence to herself, Defendant and his brother just eleven days before Walker’s death, see Dkt. 1
¶ 19-21; failed to report the transfer of that property on the New Jersey Inheritance Tax Return
as “a transfer made in contemplation of death,” id. ¶ 22; and, in his capacity as administrator,
ignored the terms of Walker’s will, e.g. id. ¶ 25. The complaint also alleges that Defendant
misrepresented the value of Walker’s estate to Jarvis and thereby induced him to forgo his
interest in the trust in exchange for a payment well below the amount to which he was entitled.
It alleges, in particular, that Defendant failed to disclose to Jarvis that Walker had conveyed her
residence to Defendant and his brother just days before her death and that Defendant hid or failed
to account for other property in the estate, including a property located in South Carolina that
sold in 2003 for over $600,000. Id. ¶¶ 26-28, 34. As a result, Jarvis agreed to receive
approximately $180,000 in cash and property for his inheritance, rather than the $600,000 to
which he was allegedly entitled. Id. ¶ 30.
Jarvis died on June 3, 2003. Id. ¶ 47. The Plaintiffs in this action are his heirs—his
surviving spouse and two children. Id. ¶¶ 7-9, 48. They sue in their capacity as residual
beneficiaries of the Walker estate. The complaint alleges claims for breach of fiduciary duty,
conversion, and the tort of deceit, fraudulent misrepresentation and omission. Id. ¶¶ 50-69.
Plaintiffs seek compensatory and punitive damages, as well as an order that, among other things,
would require Defendant to “provide an inventory and Formal Accounting” of the estate, remove
Defendant as administrator of the estate, disgorge Defendant of fees collected as administrator of
the estate, appoint a neutral third party to administer the estate, and establish a trust on all
converted estate assets. Id. at 13.
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II. DISCUSSION
The issues currently before the Court fall into two categories: those relating to the Court’s
jurisdiction and those relating to the parties’ meet and confer obligations. Because the Court
must first consider its jurisdiction, see Bancoult v. McNamara, 445 F.3d 427, 432 (D.C. Cir.
2006), the Court starts with Defendant’s Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings or for Summary
Judgment, Dkt. 31, and Plaintiffs’ Motion for Leave to File an Amended Motion to Strike or
Response, Dkt. 35.
A. Subject Matter Jurisdiction and the Probate Exception
1. Motion for Leave to File Opposition
As an initial matter, the Court must decide what filings are properly before the Court.
Plaintiffs’ opposition to Defendant’s jurisdictional motion was due on October 27, 2015. On that
day, Plaintiffs filed a Motion to Strike or in Opposition, Dkt. 33, which in substance is an
opposition to Defendant’s motion. The next day, Plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to file an
amended opposition, along with a proposed, amended opposition, and explained that the
amended filing was necessary because Plaintiffs’ counsel had been ill and was thus able to file
only a “skeletal Response” on the due date. Dkt. 35 at 1. Defendant opposes Plaintiffs’ motion
for leave to file the amended pleading, arguing that it does not “introduce any substantive
information” and would result in “needless additional motion practice.” Dkt. 37 at 2.
The Court concludes that the motion for leave to file the amended opposition is well
taken. Plaintiffs’ motion is essentially an out-of-time motion for a one-day extension, with the
important caveat that Plaintiff did file a “skeletal Response” on the due date. As a result, the
standard for reviewing Plaintiffs’ motion should be no more stringent than the standard for
considering an out-of-time motion for an extension of time. Cf. Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(b)(1)(B).
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Because Plaintiffs’ counsel was ill and made an effort to file on the due date, because any effect
on the proceeding was negligible, and because no prejudice would result from accepting
Plaintiffs’ amended opposition, the Court concludes that Plaintiffs have demonstrated “good
cause” and “excusable neglect” sufficient to justify a one-day extension. See Fed. R. Civ. P.
6(b)(1)(B); Yesudian ex rel. U.S. v. Howard Univ., 270 F.3d 969, 971 (D.C. Cir. 2001) (factors
relevant to whether a party has demonstrated excusable neglect include “the danger of prejudice”
to the other party, “the length of the delay and its potential impact on judicial proceedings, the
reason for the delay, including whether it was within the control of the movant, and whether the
movant acted in good faith.”). Indeed, to the extent any “needless additional motion practice”
was required here, Dkt. 37 at 2, it was the product of Defendant’s opposition to Plaintiffs’
reasonable request that the Court permit Plaintiffs to amend their opposition one day after it was
filed in light of counsel’s illness. The motion for leave to file is GRANTED.
2. Motion to Strike
Plaintiffs, in turn, argue that Defendant’s motion should be stricken because it was
allegedly either “ghost written” or “guided” by a lawyer who is not a member of the bar of this
Court. Dkt. 33 at 1, Dkt. 35-1 at 1. They also alleged, for similar reasons, that Defendant’s
opposition to Plaintiffs’ Motion to Strike, Dkt. 28, as well as Defendant’s unilateral Meet and
Confer Statement, Dkt. 32, should be stricken. Dkt. 34 at 1-2. Plaintiffs, however, do not cite a
single statute, rule or precedent in support of their contention that either Defendant or their
purported counsel has acted improperly. Nor do Plaintiffs address the guidance from the
American Bar Association Standing Committee on Ethics and Professional Responsibility, which
has concluded “that there is no prohibition in the Model Rules of Professional Conduct against
undisclosed assistance to pro se litigants, as long as the lawyer does not do so in a manner that
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violates rules that otherwise would apply to the lawyer’s conduct.” ABA Comm. on Ethics and
Prof’l Responsibility, Formal Op. 07-446, Undisclosed Legal Assistance to Pro Se Litigants
(2007); see also Mokhtar v. Kerry, 2015 WL 1138454 at *1, n.1 (D.D.C. March 13, 2015). In
light of Plaintiffs’ failure to cite any authority or to present any argument in support of their
motion to strike, the motion is DENIED for failure to comply with Local Civil Rule 7(a).
3. The Probate Exception to Federal Jurisdiction
In any event, regardless of whether properly raised by Defendant, “[t]he first and
fundamental question that” the Court is “bound to ask and answer is whether [it] has jurisdiction
to decide the case.” Bancoult, 445 F.3d at 432 (internal quotation marks omitted). Here, there is
no dispute that the complete diversity and amount in controversy requirements of 28 U.S.C. §
1332 are satisfied and that, in the ordinary course, the Court would have subject matter
jurisdiction. Defendant contends, however, that the probate exception to the usual rules of
federal jurisdiction precludes Plaintiffs from pursuing their claims in federal court.
Plaintiffs, in turn, do not contest that their claims are “significantly intertwined” with an
underlying probate action, but argue that the relationship between their tort claims and an
underlying probate does not deprive this Court of subject matter jurisdiction. Dkt. 35-1 at 2.
Although the probate exception undoubtedly places limits on the relief, if any, that the Court
may grant and may also circumscribe some of Plaintiffs’ claims, Plaintiffs are correct that the
Court has subject matter jurisdiction to adjudicate the essential elements of each of the claims
asserted in the complaint.
The probate exception has its roots in English legal history. As the Supreme Court
explained in Markham v. Allen, 326 U.S. 490, 494 (1946), the first Congress intended that the
“equity jurisdiction conferred by the Judiciary Act of 1789” mirror the jurisdiction of the English
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Court of Chancery as it existed in 1789, and the jurisdiction of that court “did not extend to
probate matters.” The Supreme Court, moreover, has recognized that Congress did not intend to
abrogate the probate exception when it abolished the distinction between law and equity and
adopted the current diversity statute. See Marshall v. Marshall, 547 U.S. 293, 307 (domestic
relations exception), 308 (probate exception) (2006).
The exception, however, is a narrow one. In Markham, the Court stressed that federal
courts retain jurisdiction over matters relating to an estate, “so long as the federal court does not
interfere with the probate proceedings or assume general jurisdiction of the probate or control of
the property in the custody of the state court.” 326 U.S. at 494. A federal court, accordingly,
“may exercise its jurisdiction to adjudicate rights in such property where the final judgment does
not undertake to interfere with the state court’s possession save to the extent that the state court
is bound by the judgment to recognize the right adjudicated by the federal court.” Id. More
recently, in Marshall v. Marshall, the Court construed “Markham’s enigmatic” reference to
“interfere[ing] with the probate proceeding” merely to reaffirm the “general principle that, when
one court is exercising in rem jurisdiction over a res, a second court will not assume in rem
jurisdiction over the same res.” 547 U.S. at 311. As described in Marshall, then, the probate
exception “reserves to state probate courts a probate or annulment of a will and the
administration of the decedent’s estate,” and “it also precludes federal courts from endeavoring
to dispose of property that is in the custody of the state probate court.” Id at 311-12; see also
Lefkowitz v. Bank of New York, 528 F.3d 102, 106 (2d Cir. 2007) (after Marshall, “a federal
court should decline subject-matter jurisdiction only if a plaintiff seeks” either to (1) “administer
an estate, probate a will, or do any other purely probate matter,” or (2) “reach a res in the custody
of a state court”); Lewis v. Parker, __F.3d__, 2014 WL 4460279 at *1 n.2 (D.D.C. 2014)
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(quoting Marshall, 547 U.S. at 311). In all other respects, however, federal courts retain the
jurisdiction that is otherwise conferred by Article III and statute to “adjudicate matters” relating
to an estate. Marshall, 547 U.S. at 311-12.
Accordingly, the Court must determine whether it is being asked to “(1) probate or annul
a will, (2) administer a decedent's estate, or (3) assume in rem jurisdiction over property that is in
the custody of the probate court.” Three Keys Ltd. v. SR Util. Holding Co., 540 F.3d 220, 227 (3d
Cir.2008) (citing Marshall, 547 U.S. at 311-12). The probate exception does not apply to claims
that “merely impact[ ] a state court’s performance of one of these tasks,” Lee Graham Shopping
Center, LLC v. Kirsch, 777 F.3d 678, 681 (4th Cir. 2015); rather, it applies only where a case
“actually requires a federal court to perform one of” these “specifically enumerated” acts, id.
Here, none of Plaintiffs claims fall within the third prong of the probate exception—
which applies where a federal court must reach a res “in the custody of the state probate court,”
see Marshall, 547 U.S. at 311—for at least two reasons. First, all three of Plaintiffs’ claims seek
an in personam judgment against Defendant. As the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit has
explained, in personam actions may seek “a judgment that a party has the right to a distributive
share of an estate, but stop[] short of determining a party’s interest in specific estate property,”
while, in contrast, in rem actions “seek[] a determination of a party’s interest in specific property
in the custody of the probate court.” Three Keys, 540 F.3d at 230. Each of Plaintiffs’ three
claims explicitly seeks to hold Defendant “directly liable for monetary damages,” Dkt. 1 ¶¶ 56,
62, 69, rather than seeking a judicial decree that Plaintiffs are entitled to specific estate property.
Second, although some of the relief Plaintiffs seek suggests that the estate is still subject
to probate, see, e.g., Dkt. 1 at 13 (requesting that the court appoint a third party to “complete the
administration of the Estate”), Defendant represents that the probate of the will has been
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“resolved,” Dkt. 31 at 8, and he has attached to his motion a 2009 order of the New Jersey
probate court providing that “[a]ll pleadings are dismissed without prejudice” for want of
prosecution “for more than a year.” See Dkt. 31 at 39. Plaintiffs do not contest the assertion that
there are no ongoing probate proceedings in the New Jersey courts. Accordingly, even assuming
Plaintiffs’ claims could be considered in rem, 2 the third prong would not apply because Plaintiffs
are not asking this Court to “wrest a res from the control of another court” that is currently
exercising custody over that property. See, e.g., Struck v. Cook Cnty. Pub. Guardian, 508 F.3d
858, 860 (7th Cir. 2007) (explaining that probate exception did not apply in Jones v. Brennan,
465 F.3d 304 (7th Cir. 2006), in part because “[t]he father had died and the probate of his estate
had been completed”); Three Keys, 540 F.3d at 229 (“Because the SR Utility shares in question
are still property under the jurisdiction of the Orphans’ Court, it follows that we cannot assume
in rem jurisdiction over that same property.”) (emphasis added); but see Wisecarver v. Moore,
489 F.3d 747, 751 (6th Cir. 2007) (holding that claims that would “‘disturb or affect the
possession of property in the custody of a state court” were barred by probate exception, even
though underlying estate had already been probated). Here, however, it appears at least on the
current record that nothing has occurred in the New Jersey probate court for over six-and-a-half
years. The probate exception prohibits federal courts from taking jurisdiction over a res when a
2
The Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, for instance, implicitly characterized as in rem a
plaintiff’s conversion claim, which alleged that an estate administrator “wrongfully withheld
[estate] funds from plaintiff,” and concluded that the probate exception applied because the claim
sought “disgorgement of funds that remain[ed] under the control of the Probate Court.”
Lefkowitiz, 528 F.3d at 107 (to provide the relief Plaintiff sought would have required the federal
court “to assert control over property that remains under the control of the state courts”); see
also, e.g., Three Keys, 540 F.3d at 230 (holding that probate exception precluded jurisdiction
over claim styled as an in personam claim where Plaintiff sought not only “the distribution of
probate property,” but also a determination that its interest in specific shares and dividends was
“superior to the interests of the Estate”).
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state court “is exercising” jurisdiction over that res, Marshall, 547 U.S. at 311 (emphasis
added)—not after the state court’s proceedings have concluded.
Thus, because Plaintiffs are not asking the Court to assume “in rem jurisdiction over
property that is in the custody of the probate court,” the critical question is whether Plaintiffs are
asking this Court to probate or annul a will or administer a decedent’s estate. Three Keys, 540
F.3d at 227 (citing Marshall, 547 U.S. at 311-12). The Court will address each of Plaintiffs’
three claims for relief in turn.
Count I alleges that Defendant breached his fiduciary duty to the beneficiaries of the
Walker estate. Dkt. 1 ¶¶ 50-56. This claim does not implicate the validity of Walker’s will or
otherwise require the Court to probate or annul the will. Nor does it ask the Court to administer
Walker’s estate. As numerous courts have recognized, personal tort claims against estate
administrators are not barred by the probate exception. Such a claim “does not ask the court in
which it is filed to administer the estate, but rather to impose tort liability on the guardians for
breach of fiduciary duty.” Jones, 465 F.3d at 307-08 (probate exception does not bar federal
jurisdiction over claim of breach of fiduciary duty against estate administrator for having
mismanaged estate); see also, e.g., Lefkowitz, 528 F.3d at 107-08 (concluding that Court had
jurisdiction over claims for “damages from Defendants personally rather than [estate] assets or
distributions,” including claims against administrator for breach of fiduciary duty). Indeed, in
Marshall itself, the Supreme Court characterized claims against estate executors for breach of
fiduciary duty as “matters well beyond probate of a will or administration of a decedent’s estate.”
547 U.S. at 311. The Marshall Court’s first example of such a non-probate matter was Mangieri
v. Mangieri, 226 F.3d 1, 2 (1st Cir. 2000), in which the plaintiff alleged that the executor of the
plaintiff’s father’s estate had breached his fiduciary duties by “failing to consider” the plaintiff’s
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“claim as an omitted child and thus fail[ing] to protect [the plaintiff’s] interest as one of the
testator’s heirs.” The probate exception, accordingly, does not deprive this Court of jurisdiction
over Plaintiff’s claim for breach of fiduciary duty.
Count II alleges that Defendant took permanent possession of estate assets that he was
holding and administering, thereby converting assets that would otherwise belong to Plaintiffs
through their inheritance rights. Dkt. 1 ¶¶ 57-62. Once again, this claim does not seek to
probate or annul a will, nor would adjudicating it require this Court to administer an estate.
Rather, it seeks to hold Defendant personally liable “for monetary damages” (Dkt. 1 ¶ 62) for
misappropriating estate assets. Granting an in personam judgment for money damages against
the estate administrator would not require this Court to probate or administer the estate. Indeed,
if a federal court may exercise jurisdiction over a claim for mismanagement of an estate, as
described above, there is no reason why that jurisdiction ought not extend to a claim that the
mismanagement at issue has risen to the level of misappropriation. It is true that the Court of
Appeals for the Second Circuit held in Lefkowitz that the plaintiff’s claim for conversion, which
alleged that the estate administrator had “‘wrongfully withheld [estate] funds from plaintiff,’”
fell within the probate exception. But the Court reached that conclusion because the claim
sought “disgorgement of funds that remain[ed] under the control of the Probate Court.” 528 F.3d
at 107. Here, in contrast, the complaint seeks “monetary damages” from the Defendant. Dkt. 1
¶ 62.
For similar reasons, Count III also does not fall within the probate exception. Count III
alleges that Defendant fraudulently misled James Jarvis and thereby induced him to give up a
large portion of his inheritance. Dkt. 1 ¶¶ 63-69. In this respect, Claim III is similar to the types
of claims that the Supreme Court has explicitly held fall outside the probate exception. In
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Marshall, for example, the Supreme Court held that the federal courts had jurisdiction over the
claim that Vickie Lynn Marshall (i.e. Anna Nicole Smith) asserted against the ultimate
beneficiary of J. Howard Marshall’s estate. 547 U.S. at 295. That claim, like Count III here,
was premised on the notion that “‘[o]ne who by fraud, duress or other tortious means
intentionally prevents another from receiving from a third person an inheritance or gift that [s]he
would otherwise have received is subject to liability to the other for loss of the inheritance or
gift.’” Id. at 312 (quoting 4 Restatement (Second) of Torts § 774B (1979)). Long before
Marshall, moreover, the Supreme Court sustained federal jurisdiction in an action against an
estate administrator who had allegedly falsely represented the value of decedent’s property to the
probate court and beneficiaries and obtained a receipt from one beneficiary through fraudulent
means. See Payne v. Hook, 74 U.S. 425, 433 (1868).
As the Second Circuit explained in Lefkowitz, after Marshall, “[t]he probate exception
can no longer be used to dismiss ‘widely recognized torts’ such as breach of fiduciary duty or
fraudulent misrepresentation merely because the issues intertwine with claims proceeding in
state court.” Lefkowitz, 528 F.3d at 108 (brackets omitted). That is precisely the circumstance
here. As with Claims I and II, adjudicating Claim III would not require this Court to probate or
annul Walker’s will or to administer Walker’s estate. To the contrary, it would require only that
the Court determine whether Defendant’s conduct meets the elements of the tort of fraudulent
misrepresentation.
For the above reasons, the Court concludes that it has jurisdiction to adjudicate the
essential elements of each of the claims asserted. That does not end the matter, however,
because the probate exception does preclude this Court from adjudicating whether to award some
of the relief requested by Plaintiffs. The complaint, for example, asks that the Court remove
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Defendant as “Administrator CTA” and that it appoint “a neutral third party to complete the
administration of the Estate.” Dkt. 1 at 13. That relief, as well as other relief sought in the
complaint, would cross the line and require that the Court administer or probate the estate, in
violation of the probate exception. See, e.g., Vaughn v. Montague, 924 F. Supp. 2d 1256, 1268-
89 (W.D. Wash. 2013) (“Under the probate exception, this court cannot order distribution of the
trust’s assets, nor declare the estate settled.”); Wisecarver, 489 F.3d at 751 (Plaintiff’s claims for
money damages and an accounting did not fall into the probate exception, but probate exception
barred court from entering orders enjoining disposition of estate assets, divesting defendants of
estate property, or declaring that already-probated will was invalid).
At this juncture, however, the Court need not decide whether its jurisdiction extends to
each type of relief requested in Plaintiffs’ complaint. The parties have not addressed this
separate issue in their briefing on the pending motion, nor is it evident that the Court will ever be
required to reach the issue of available remedies. If and when appropriate, and after considering
briefing from the parties, the Court will address which of the remedies referenced in the
complaint go beyond the Court’s jurisdiction. For present purposes, however, the Court
concludes that is has jurisdiction over each of Plaintiffs’ three claims. Accordingly, Defendant’s
Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings or for Summary Judgment, Dkt. 31, is DENIED.
B. Plaintiffs’ Motion to Strike Defendant’s Notice Of Failure To Meet And Confer, Dkt. 29
Before Defendant filed the jurisdictional motion discussed above, Dkt. 31, he filed a
“Notice” asserting that Plaintiffs had failed to meet and confer within the deadlines set out in the
Court’s scheduling order. Dkt. 28. Defendant argues that he had made “numerous attempts” to
comply with the scheduling order but Plaintiffs repeatedly failed to participate in the process. Id.
at 1. The next day, Plaintiffs filed a Motion to Strike Defendant’s Notice Regarding Meet And
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Confer, Dkt. 29, alleging that it was, in fact, Defendant who failed to respond to Plaintiffs’
efforts to coordinate in compliance with the meet and confer requirement. Plaintiffs further
allege that Defendant’s “Notice” was intended to induce the Court to continue a scheduling
conference that had been set for October 21, 2014. Dkt. 29 at 2. Thus, Plaintiffs allege that the
“Notice” was “crafted to serve a dilatory improper purpose and as such should be justly struck.”
Id. at 4. Plaintiffs request that the Court impose sanctions on Defendant for “filing his Notice,
rather than simply making a telephone call to Plaintiffs’ counsel to facilitate the parties’ court
ordered meet and confer.” Id. at 6.
In response, Defendant argues that Plaintiffs’ motion to strike should be denied because it
fails to comply with Local Civil Rule 7(a), which requires that any motion be accompanied by a
statement of points and authority identifying “specific points of law and authority that support
the motion.” Dkt. 30 at 1-2. Defendant also argues that, even if the motion is construed to
invoke Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(f)—which addresses motions to strike—that Rule
applies only to “pleadings,” not to “notices” such as that filed by Defendant. Dkt. 14. Defendant
further argues that the Motion to Strike lacks factual merit and violates Rule 11. He too requests
that the Court grant sanctions.
The Court concludes that Plaintiffs’ motion to strike fails to comply with this Court’s
Local Civil Rules because it does not include a separate statement of points and authority.
Plaintiffs, moreover, have identified no law supporting their request to strike Defendant’s
submission—nor is it evident what, if any, purpose would be served by striking the “Notice.”
The motion to strike is, accordingly, DENIED.
The Court declines to award sanctions against either party at this time, both because the
parties have not demonstrated that the “extreme punishment” of Rule 11 sanctions is warranted
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in these circumstances, see Henok v. Chase Home Fin., 925 F. Supp. 2d 46, 53 (D.D.C. 2013),
and because both parties’ requests for sanctions fail to comply with the procedural requirements
of Rule 11. Both parties ignore the requirements of Rule 11 that a motion for sanctions be made
“separately from any other motion” and served on the non-movant to allow an opportunity to
withdraw the challenged filing or assertion. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 11(c)(2); Henok, 925 F. Supp. 2d
at 53. Going forward, both parties should ensure that their submissions are consistent with the
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the Local Civil Rules of this Court. 3 Consistent with those
rules, motions for sanctions should not be made without substantial basis and without first
engaging in good faith efforts to resolve the issue in the manner proscribed by Federal Rule of
Civil Procedure 11(c)(2). The pending requests for sanctions are, accordingly, DENIED.
C. Future Proceedings
Finally, while leveling accusations of misconduct at one another, both parties have failed
to comply in a timely manner with the meet and confer requirement set forth in the Federal Rules
of Civil Procedure, this Court’s Local Civil Rules, and an order entered in this case, see Dkt. 27.
Absent separate agreement among the parties, it is hereby ORDERED that the meet and confer
conference shall take place telephonically on July 15, 2015 at 2:00 p.m. EDT, and that Plaintiffs’
counsel shall initiate the call. See Dkt. 27. It is further ORDERED that on or before July 22,
2015, the parties shall jointly file the requisite meet and confer statement. The parties shall
appear for a scheduling conference in Courtroom 21 on August 4, 2015 at 10:15 a.m.
3
Defendant has already been admonished that the Court will reject any filings that do not
comply with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure or with this Court’s local rules. See Dkt. 20 at
11. The parties are reminded that all orders previously entered in this case remain in full effect.
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III. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, it is hereby ORDERED that Plaintiffs’ Motion to Strike, Dkt.
29, and Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss or for Summary Judgment, Dkt. 31, are DENIED.
Plaintiffs’ Motion for Leave to File Amended Motion to Strike or Response, Dkt. 35, is
GRANTED.
It is further ORDERED that, unless otherwise agreed to by both parties, the parties’ meet
and confer conference shall take place telephonically on July 15, 2015 at 2:00 p.m. EDT, and that
Plaintiffs’ counsel shall initiate the call. On or before July 22, 2015, the parties shall jointly file
the requisite meet and confer statement. The parties shall appear for a scheduling conference in
Courtroom 21 on August 4, 2015 at 10:15 a.m.
It is SO ORDERED.
/s/ Randolph D. Moss
RANDOLPH D. MOSS
United States District Judge
Date: July 1, 2015
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