DocketNumber: Misc. No. 94-0365; No. MDL 1034
Citation Numbers: 163 F.R.D. 386
Judges: Lamberth
Filed Date: 10/3/1995
Status: Precedential
Modified Date: 11/27/2022
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
I. Background.
This case comes before the court on defendant Eli Lilly and Company’s (“Lilly’s”) motion for a protective order under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c). Previously,
Lilly filed this motion seeking a protective order that would require plaintiffs to reimburse Lilly for the costs of “formally”
II. Analysis.
A. Plaintiffs’ do not request translation.
Lilly attempts to bring plaintiffs’ request under the holding in In re Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority, 687 F.2d 501 (1st Cir.1982) [hereinafter In re PREPA], the seminal ease on the assessment of translation costs for Rule 34 productions, by alleging that plaintiffs’ request for production is the functional equivalent of a request for translated documents. Under In re PREPA, a party cannot impose the cost of translating documents that exist in a foreign language on the producing party. 687 F.2d at 509. In that case, the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (“PREPA”) had produced Spanish documents to the plaintiff, Mitsui & Co. The plaintiff then specifically moved to compel PREPA to produce an English translation of the documents produced, or, in the alternative, to reimburse the plaintiff for the cost of such translation. As noted, the First Circuit held that a requesting party cannot impose translation costs on the producing party. Accord In re Korean Air Lines Disaster of Sept. 1, 1983, 103 F.R.D. 357 (D.D.C.1984).
In order to bring this motion under the First Circuit’s holding in In re PREPA, Lilly contends (and indeed must show) that plaintiffs’ request for the documents is the functional equivalent of a motion to compel Lilly to pay the cost of translation. If Lilly cannot establish this contention, its entire argument fails. To this end, Lilly first argues that in order for its counsel to adequately review the documents before producing them, the documents must be translated into English. Furthermore, absent plaintiffs’ request, Lilly maintains that it would have no need to perform such translations. In this manner, Lilly argues, plaintiffs’ request for the documents is a veiled attempt to shift the cost of translation onto Lilly, the producing party. Thus, if the court grants Lilly’s motion, it does not shift the cost of translation onto the plaintiffs; rather, it prevents the plaintiffs from shifting the cost onto Lilly. Finally, Lilly points out that the documents are useless to the plaintiffs unless they are first translated into English.
Plaintiffs, on the other hand, simply argue that they have not requested translated documents, therefore In re PREPA does not control. They counter that the translation of the documents by Lilly is not necessitated by
This court finds that the plaintiffs’ request for the production of the foreign documents is not the functional equivalent of a motion to compel Lilly to translate the documents. Plaintiffs do not now move to require Lilly to produce translated documents, nor can Lilly convincingly argue that the only way to sanitize the documents is to first formally translate them at an excessive cost. Granting Lilly’s motion would allow any party producing foreign documents to shift a potentially enormous economic burden onto the requesting party when it is unclear that any party actually needs to incur that cost. To be sure, before plaintiffs could use any of the documents in this litigation, they must be formally translated. However, not all the documents may be used. Plaintiffs may have access to any number of people who, for far less cost, could go through the documents and determine which ones contain useful information.
B. Lilly cannot show that plaintiffs’ request is unduly burdensome.
As a general rule, a party bears the burden of producing its own documents unless “the discovery requests threaten to impose ‘undue burden or expense’ upon a respondent----” In re PREPA 687 F.2d at 507. In that event, “the district courts are specifically empowered to enter protective orders conditioning the request or requiring the requesting party to pay the expenses of production.” Id. (citing Celanese Corp. v. E.I. dupont de Nemours & Co., 58 F.R.D. 606 (D.Del.1973); Currie v. Moore-McCormack Lilies, Inc., 23 F.R.D. 660 (D.Mass. 1959)); see also 8 Wright & Miller, Federal Practice & Procedure § 2038 at 505. In In re PREPA the court pointed out that a production request that demanded translation would be unduly burdensome, especially if the request comes at a time when the significance of the documents is not known. Id. at 509 n. 3.
As discussed above, Lilly has failed to show that it must formally translate the documents in order to protect privileges and proprietary information. This court has already ruled that plaintiffs are entitled to discovery of the documents. Because translation is not required, this court cannot construe plaintiffs’ request to be unduly burdensome. Moreover, if Lilly could require plaintiffs to front the cost of translation before the true significance of the documents are known, it could impose an unfair economic burden on plaintiffs. Ironically, Lilly’s argument that the documents have no significance cuts both ways. It is precisely because the significance of the documents is not known that it would be unfair to allow Lilly to elect to translate them all at the expense of the plaintiffs. As a result, the court rejects Lilly’s claim that plaintiffs’ request imposes an undue burden.
C. The court can award translation expenses .at the conclusion of the litigation.
In the event that Lilly formally translates the documents before producing them,
III. Conclusion.
Accordingly, defendant Eli Lilly & Company’s motion for a protective order is hereby DENIED.
SO ORDERED.
. Counsel for Lilly submitted samples of the documents to Berlitz Translation Services in Philadelphia for a cost estimate. According to counsel’s representation, translation would cost over $200 per page.
. Cases following In re PREPA have arrived at the same conclusion. See, e.g., East Boston Ecumenical Community Council, Inc. v. Mastrorillo, 124 F.R.D. 14 (D.Mass.1989) (holding that the party seeking depositions bear the cost of interpreters for the deponents); Cook v. Volkswagen of Am., Inc., 101 F.R.D. 92 (S.D.W.Va.1984) (denying plaintiffs’ motion to compel defendants to produce English translations of its documents); Rosado v. Mercedes-Benz of N. Am., Inc., 103 A.D.2d 395, 480 N.Y.S.2d 124 (1984) (relying on In re PREPA to deny plaintiff’s motion to compel defendant to produce a translated brochure).
. For that matter, Lilly need not formally translate the documents to sanitize them. It would seem that Lilly, the one who created the documents in the foreign language, would have better access to people who could review the documents for privileged and proprietary information.
. It must be borne in mind that discovery of the sort involved here ranges far beyond basic and highly probative documents into large quantities of documents of the most marginal significance. To empower the discovering party to force his opponent to pay for translation of such materials long before their true significance can be known is to empower one party to impose a possibly crushing economic burden on the other.
In re PREPA, 687 F.2d at 509 n. 3.