Desmond v. State

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
CHRISTOPHER DESMOND, §
§ No. 45, 2014
Defendant-Below, §
Appellant, §
§
v. § Court Below: Superior Court
§ of the State of Delaware,
STATE OF DELAWARE, § in and for New Castle County
§ Cr. ID 91009844DI
Plaintiff-Below, §
Appellee. §
Submitted: June 6, 2014
Decided: August 1, 2014
Before STRINE, Chief Justice, HOLLAND, and RIDGELY, Justices.
ORDER
This 1st day of August 2014, after careful consideration of the parties’
briefs and the record on appeal, it appears to the Court that:
(1) The appellant, Christopher Desmond, filed this appeal from the
Superior Court’s order, dated January 10, 2014, which denied several
motions that Desmond filed in that court seeking to correct his sentence, to
dismiss certain charges, and to have counsel appointed to pursue
postconviction relief. We find Desmond’s appeal legally frivolous.
Accordingly, we affirm the Superior Court’s judgment.
(2) In November 1992, a Superior Court jury convicted Desmond
of twenty-nine criminal charges, including ten counts of Robbery in the First
Degree and ten counts of Possession of a Deadly Weapon During the
Commission of a Felony, as well as other related offenses. The charges
arose from a series of armed robberies of five different Wilmington
businesses. The Superior Court sentenced Desmond to more than seventy-
eight years in prison. This Court affirmed Desmond’s convictions and
sentences on direct appeal.1 Since that time, Desmond has filed numerous
petitions seeking postconviction relief, habeas corpus relief, and
modification of his sentence.2 This Court recently affirmed the Superior
Court’s denial of Desmond’s ninth motion for postconviction relief in
August 2013.3
(3) On October 7, 2013, Desmond filed a motion in the Superior
Court seeking correction of his sentence. He alleged that his lengthy prison
sentence is illegal because it exceeds his life expectancy and thus is a de
facto life sentence. Desmond asserted that his de facto life sentence is
illegal because he was not convicted of a Class A felony (the only felony for
which a life sentence is authorized), and he was not sentenced as a habitual
offender under 11 Del. C. § 4214(b). Desmond further argued that his
1
Desmond v. State, 654 A.2d 821 (Del. 1994).
2
See, e.g., State v. Desmond, 2011 WL 91984 (Del. Super. Ct. Jan. 5, 2011) (detailing
Desmond’s history of postconviction applications up to and including his seventh motion
under Superior Court Criminal Rule 61).
3
Desmond v. State, 2013 WL 4475177 (Del. Aug. 20, 2013).
2
multiple sentences should have run concurrently and that his de facto life
sentence was disproportionate in light of the General Assembly’s recent
adoption of Senate Bill No. 9,4 which gives the Superior Court discretion to
sentence a juvenile offender convicted of first degree murder to less than life
imprisonment.
(4) On October 14, 2013, Desmond filed another motion in the
Superior Court seeking to amend a motion to dismiss that Desmond claimed
had been pending in the Superior Court since 1992. The substance of
Desmond’s motion to amend was that eight of the robbery charges against
him in the indictment violated his constitutional rights and should have been
dismissed under State v. Bridgers5 and State v. Owens.6 Desmond argued
that because the Superior Court had never ruled on his motion, he has been
prevented by Supreme Court Rule 8 from ever arguing his claim to this
Court. He further asserted that the Superior Court should apply the relation
back doctrine to his motion to amend and rule on the substance of his motion
to dismiss. Desmond also argued that Rule 61 should not be applied to
4
S.B. 9, 147th Gen. Assem., 1st Sess. (Del. 2013).
5
State v. Bridgers, 988 A.2d 939 (Del. Super. Ct. 2007), aff’d, State v. Bridgers, 2009
WL 824536 (Del. Mar. 30, 2009).
6
State v. Owens, 2010 WL 2892701 (Del. Super. Ct. July 16, 2010).
3
procedurally bar his claim because his unresolved 1992 motion to dismiss
had been filed before he was convicted.
(5) Desmond also filed a third motion in the Superior Court on
October 14, 2013. That motion requested the appointment of counsel to help
Desmond pursue his unresolved 1992 motion to dismiss. On January 14,
2014, the Superior Court denied Desmond’s motion for appointment of
counsel and also held that the claims in his other motions were procedurally
barred. This appeal followed.
(6) After careful consideration of the parties’ briefs on appeal, we
find it manifest that Superior Court’s judgment denying Desmond’s multiple
motions below must be affirmed. As to Desmond’s “motion to amend” his
1992 motion to dismiss, we find no error in the Superior Court’s decision to
treat the motion as Desmond’s tenth petition for postconviction relief and in
denying his request for counsel. As the Superior Court previously has noted,
Desmond has a habit of reasserting previously adjudicated claims by
“couching the claims in slightly different language in an attempt to preserve
the appearance that the claim…is not procedurally barred by Rule 61(i).”7
Neither the Superior Court nor this Court is obligated to reconsider a
previously rejected claim simply because the issue has been refined or
7
State v. Desmond, 2011 WL 91984, *3 (Del. Super. Ct. Jan. 5, 2011), aff’d, Desmond v.
State, 2011 WL 4553174 (Del. Oct. 3, 2011).
4
restated.8 Desmond’s contention that eight of his robbery convictions are
illegal has been raised and rejected before.9 The interests of justice do not
require us to reconsider this previously adjudicated claim.10
(7) Furthermore, Desmond’s motion for correction of illegal
sentence is frivolous. His claim that the Superior Court illegally sentenced
him to life imprisonment ignores the fact that his crime spree resulted in his
conviction for twenty-nine separate criminal offenses and that each of those
twenty-nine convictions and corresponding sentences has been deemed
legal.11 Under Delaware law, those sentences of imprisonment may not run
concurrently.12 That Desmond’s multiple convictions and sentences will
effectively keep him behind bars for the remainder of his life does not mean
that the Superior Court illegally imposed a sentence of life imprisonment.
Furthermore, the General Assembly’s adoption of 11 Del. C. § 4209A,
8
Riley v. State, 585 A.2d 719, 721 (Del. 1990).
9
See State v. Desmond, 2011 WL 91984 at *5.
10
See Desmond v. Phelps, 2012 WL 3518531, *2 (D. Del. Aug. 15, 2012) (holding that
Desmond failed to demonstrate a right to have his first degree robbery convictions
reconsidered because there was nothing to indicate that “Owens and Bridgers re-defined
or re-interpreted the elements of a first degree robbery offense and made such re-
interpretation retroactively applicable to cases on collateral review”).
11
See Desmond v. State, 654 A.2d 821, 828 (Del. 1994) (upholding Desmond’s
convictions and sentences on direct appeal); Desmond v. State, 2006 WL 797996 (Del.
Mar. 27, 2006) (affirming the Superior Court’s conclusion that Desmond’s robbery
sentences were legal because they “fell within the then-existing statutory range of
sentences for class B felonies”).
12
DEL. CODE ANN. tit. 11, § 3901(d) (2007).
5
which permits the Superior Court to sentence a juvenile offender convicted
of first degree murder to a sentence ranging from twenty-five years
incarceration to life imprisonment, has no arguable bearing on Desmond’s
case. Desmond was tried, convicted, and sentenced as an adult for twenty-
nine criminal charges. His claim that his sentences are constitutionally
disproportionate compared to a juvenile offender convicted of first degree
murder is frivolous.
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the judgment of the
Superior Court is AFFIRMED.
BY THE COURT:
/s/ Leo E. Strine, Jr.
Chief Justice
6