Evans v. State

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
AUGUSTUS H. EVANS, JR., §
§ No. 257, 2014
Defendant-Below, §
Appellant, § Court Below: Superior Court
§ of the State of Delaware in and
v. § for Sussex County
§
STATE OF DELAWARE, §
§
Plaintiff-Below, § Cr. ID No. 0609011528A
Appellee. §
Submitted: June 9, 2014
Decided: August 19, 2014
Before STRINE, Chief Justice, HOLLAND and RIDGELY, Justices.
ORDER
This 19th day of August 2014, it appears to the Court that:
(1) The appellant, Augustus H. Evans, Jr., filed this appeal from the
Superior Court’s order dated April 23, 2014 denying his third motion for
postconviction relief under Superior Court Criminal Rule 61 (“Rule 61”).
After Evans filed his opening brief on appeal, the appellee, State of
Delaware, filed a motion to affirm the Superior Court judgment under
Supreme Court Rule 25 (“Rule 25”).1
1
The Court has not considered Evans’ request to respond to the motion to affirm. Under
Rule 25(a), a response to a motion to affirm is not permitted unless it is requested by the
Court. Also, the Court has not considered Evans’ second “permissive writing”
(2) In July 2007, a Superior Court jury convicted Evans of several
criminal offenses related to his September 2006 confrontations with a rival
drug dealer in Seaford and a police officer in Laurel. On direct appeal, we
affirmed Evans’ convictions and sentence.2 We also affirmed the denial of
Evans’ first and second motions for postconviction relief.3
(3) The following excerpt from our decision on direct appeal
provides a context for the claims raised by Evans in this appeal.
The evidence presented at trial fairly
established that within a ten to twelve hour period,
i.e. from Saturday evening, September 16, 2006
through Sunday morning, September 17, 2006,
Evans was involved in two gun incidents. The first
incident occurred Saturday night in Seaford,
Delaware, when Evans fired three shots at a rival
drug dealer, William Witherspoon, hitting
Witherspoon once in the left thigh. The second
incident occurred Sunday morning in Laurel,
Delaware, when Evans pointed a gun at Officer
Charles Campbell of the Laurel Police
Department.
Evans was arrested on September 17, 2006,
for the Laurel incident. Two days later, while in
custody pursuant to the Laurel arrest, Evans was
interviewed by Seaford Police Lieutenant Richard
submission under Rule 15(a)(vi), because it was, in effect an impermissible response to a
motion to affirm.
2
Evans v. State, 2009 WL 367728 (Del. Feb. 13, 2009).
3
State v. Evans, 2009 WL 2219275 (Del. Super. Ct. July 6, 2009), aff’d sub nom. Evans
v. State, 2009 WL 3656085 (Del. Nov. 4, 2009); State v. Evans, 2013 WL 1090979 (Del.
Super. Ct. Feb. 25, 2013), aff’d sub nom. Evans v. State, 2013 WL 5614265 (Del. Oct.
10, 2013).
2
Jamison about the Seaford incident. During that
videotaped interview, which was played for the
jury at trial, Evans essentially admitted to shooting
Witherspoon.4
(4) Evans’ opening brief repeats, verbatim, the claims raised in his
third postconviction motion. Fairly summarized, Evans’ claims entitled
“Entitlement to Voluntariness Instruction,” “Self-Incrimination,” and
“Pretrial Detentioners” concern the self-incriminating statements he made to
Lieutenant Jamison.5 Evans’ claim entitled “Veracity Challenge/Franks
Evidentiary Hearing” concerns the denial of his pretrial request for an
evidentiary hearing challenging his arrest on the Laurel charges. Finally, in
a claim entitled “Judicial Bias/Abuse of Discretion,” Evans alleges that the
judge who presided over his jury trial and denied his postconviction motions
was biased against him.
(5) “It is well-settled that the Superior Court must address the
procedural requirements of Rule 61 before considering the merits of a
4
Evans v. State, 2009 WL 367728, at *1 (Del. Feb. 13, 2009) (footnotes omitted).
5
The claim entitled “Entitlement to Voluntariness Instruction” argues that the Superior
Court committed plain error when it failed to give a jury instruction that Evans had
requested on the voluntariness of the statements he made to Lieutenant Jamison. The
claim entitled “Self-Incrimination” argues that the Superior Court’s former adjudication
of a Miranda claim, which was based on Evans’ interview with Lieutenant Jamison, was
incomplete. The claim entitled “Pretrial Detentioners” argues that Evans was illegally
interviewed by Lieutenant Jamison.
3
postconviction motion.”6 Likewise, when reviewing an appeal from the
denial of postconviction relief under Rule 61, this Court will address any
applicable procedural bars and any exceptions to those bars.7
(6) In this case, the Superior Court concluded, and we agree, that
Evans’ third postconviction motion was untimely under Rule 61(i)(1)8 and
repetitive under Rule 61(i)(2).9 We also agree that Evans’ postconviction
motion raised formerly adjudicated claims under Rule 61(i)(4).10
(7) Evans’ claims entitled “Pretrial Detentioners” and “Veracity
Challenge/Franks Evidentiary Hearing” were considered on their merits on
direct appeal and in the Superior Court’s denial of Evans’ first
postconviction motion. Thereafter, on appeal from the denial of Evans’ first
postconviction motion, we barred the claims as formerly adjudicated.11 In
this appeal from the denial of Evans’ third postconviction motion, Evans has
6
Raymond v. State, 2013 WL 56144, at *1 (Del. Jan. 3, 2013) (citing Younger v. State,
580 A.2d 552, 554 (Del. 1990)).
7
Younger v. State, 580 A.2d 552, 554 (Del. 1990).
8
See Del. Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(1) (barring a motion filed more than one year after
the judgment of conviction is final).
9
See id. at (i)(2) (barring any ground for relief not asserted in a prior postconviction
proceeding as required by R. 61 (b)(2)).
10
See id. at (i)(4) (barring formerly adjudicated claim).
11
See Evans v. State, 2009 WL 3656085, at *1 (Del. Nov. 4, 2009) (barring claim of
improper detention and challenge to veracity of probable cause affidavit as formerly
adjudicated on direct appeal).
4
not demonstrated that either claim warrants further consideration under the
narrow “in the interest of justice” exception found under Rule 61(i)(4).12
(8) Evans’ claims entitled “Entitlement to Voluntariness
Instruction” and “Self-Incrimination” could have been raised on direct
appeal and were not. Those claims, therefore, are defaulted under Rule
61(i)(3) unless Evans can demonstrate that an exception to the procedural
bar should apply.13 On appeal, Evans has not demonstrated that either claim
warrants review because of a constitutional violation so substantial that it
constitutes a “miscarriage of justice” undermining the “fundamental legality
. . . or fairness” of Evans’ conviction under Rule 61(i)(5)14 or a newly
recognized retroactively applicable right under Rule 61(i)(1).15 Delaware
law does not require the court to give a voluntariness instruction after the
court has found a defendant’s statement was voluntary. 16 The “law of the
12
See id. at (i)(4) (providing that a formerly adjudicated claim may be reconsidered in the
interest of justice). See Lindsey v. State, 2014 WL 98645, at *3 (Del. Jan. 9, 2014)
(quoting Weedon v. State, 750 A.2d 521, 527-28 (Del. 2000)).
13
See id. at (i)(3) (barring any ground for relief not asserted in the proceedings leading to
the judgment of conviction).
14
See id. at (i)(5) (providing that the procedural bars of (i)(1), (2) and (3) shall not apply
“to a colorable claim that there was a miscarriage of justice because of a constitutional
violation that undermined the fundamental legality, reliability, integrity or fairness of the
proceedings leading to the judgment of conviction”).
15
See id. at (i)(1) (providing that a motion may be considered when it asserts a newly
recognized retroactively applicable right).
16
See Harris v. State, 1993 WL 61667 (Del. Feb. 3, 1993) (citing Flamer v. State, 490
A.2d 104, 116 n.7 (Del. 1983)).
5
case doctrine” bars Evans from relitigating the legality of his arrests and, by
extension, his claim that his statements were rendered involuntary due to an
illegal arrest.17 As we have also explained, we held Evans’ claim that he
was improperly detained as procedurally barred in a prior decision.18 It
remains barred, notwithstanding the different spins he attempts to put on the
same basic argument.19
(9) We therefore agree with the Superior Court’s conclusion that
Evans’ “effort to revisit his [claims] by repackaging same under a claim of
judicial bias and/or incompetence must fail.” Based on our foregoing
analysis of the other claims on appeal, we similarly conclude that Evans’
derivative claim of “Judicial Bias/Abuse of Discretion” is not supported by
the record and is without merit.
(10) Lastly, we note the obvious: This is Evans’ third Rule 61
petition. We have now concluded for a third time that the Superior Court
has properly found that Evans’ claims do not present grounds for relief from
his judgment of convictions by the court. Each time we have invested
17
See, e.g., Brittingham v. State, 705 A.2d 577, 579 (Del. 1998) (“The prior decisions by
this Court on any adjudicated issue involving Brittingham’s claims became the law of the
case in all subsequent stages of his continuing criminal proceedings.”).
18
See supra note 11.
19
“Neither the Superior Court nor this Court is obligated to reconsider a previously
rejected claim simply because the issue has been refined or restated.” Desmond v. State,
2014 WL 3809683, at *2 (Del. Aug. 1, 2014) (citing Riley v. State, 585 A.2d 719, 721
(Del. 1990)).
6
considerable time to detail our reasons. In the future, if Evans files
additional petitions, we do not intend to continue to invest scarce judicial
resources in addressing Evans’ repetitive claims. We also encourage Evans
to be mindful of subsection (j) of Rule 61.20
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED, that the State’s motion to
affirm is GRANTED. The judgment of the Superior Court is AFFIRMED.
BY THE COURT:
/s/ Leo E. Strine, Jr.
Chief Justice
20
See Del. Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(j) (“If a motion is denied, the state may move for an
order requiring the movant to reimburse the state for costs and expenses paid for the
movant from public funds.”).
7