Harris v. State

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
RAHEEM HARRIS, §
§
Defendant Below, § No. 4, 2018
Appellant, §
§ Court Below—Superior Court
v. § of the State of Delaware
§
STATE OF DELAWARE, § Cr. ID No. 1405005615 (N)
§
Plaintiff Below, §
Appellee. §
Submitted: April 30, 2018
Decided: July 2, 2018
Before VALIHURA, VAUGHN, and SEITZ, Justices.
ORDER
This 2nd day of July 2018, upon consideration of the appellant’s Supreme
Court Rule 26(c) brief, the State’s response, and the record below, it appears to the
Court that:
(1) On November 12, 2014, after a one-day trial, a Superior Court jury
found the appellant, Raheem Harris, guilty of Possession of a Firearm by a Person
Prohibited (“PFBPP”). The Superior Court sentenced Harris to ten years of Level V
incarceration, suspended after five years for decreasing levels of supervision. This
Court affirmed the Superior Court’s judgment on direct appeal.1 The Court
described the facts leading to Harris’ conviction as follows:
The testimony at trial established that, around 6:00 a.m. on May 8,
2014, the Wilmington Police Department executed a search warrant for
an apartment in the City of Wilmington. The apartment was leased by
Harris’ girlfriend, who lived there with her young son. Harris did not
live in the apartment. He lived in an apartment across the hall with his
mother. The target of the officers' search warrant was Harris’ cousin,
Jamir. When the officers executed the warrant, the only occupants of
the apartment were Harris, his girlfriend, and her son.
After the officers entered the apartment, Harris and his girlfriend were
placed in custody and seated in the living room while the officers
conducted the search. During the search, the officers found a loaded 9
mm firearm under the mattress where the two had been sleeping. An
officer read Harris his Miranda rights. Harris told the officer that the
gun was his, but then invoked his right to remain silent and did not
answer any other questions. The gun was processed, but no fingerprints
or DNA was recovered. Harris was charged with one count of
Possession of a Firearm by a Person Prohibited. The parties stipulated
that he was a person prohibited from possessing a firearm. Harris did
not testify at trial.2
(2) On August 11, 2015, Harris filed a timely motion for postconviction
relief under Superior Court Criminal Rule 61. Harris argued that his trial counsel
provided ineffective assistance by: (i) failing to file a motion to suppress his
statement that the gun belonged to him based on the police officer’s failure to inform
him of his rights under Miranda v. Arizona;3 and (ii) failing to object to the
1
Harris v. State, 2015 WL 4164837 (Del. July 8, 2015).
2
Id. at *1.
3
384 U.S. 436 (1966).
2
prosecutor’s opening statement that Harris was guilty of PFBPP because he told the
police that the gun belonged to him and everyone agreed he was a person prohibited.
In his responsive affidavit, Harris’ trial counsel stated that: (i) he did not file a motion
to suppress because his discussions with Harris led him to conclude such a motion
was without merit; and (ii) he did not view the prosecutor’s statement as violating
Harris’ trial rights. The State filed a response to Harris’ motion.
(3) On January 4, 2016, Harris filed a motion for appointment of counsel.
The Superior Court granted Harris’ motion. On February 7, 2017, Harris’ appointed
counsel (“Postconviction Counsel”) filed an amended motion for postconviction
relief. The amended motion alleged that Harris’ trial counsel provided ineffective
assistance by failing: (i) to file a motion to suppress based on Harris’ contention that
he was not informed of his Miranda rights before he said the gun belonged to him;
and (ii) to cross-examine the police officer at trial about whether he gave Miranda
warnings and where Harris was in relation to the recovered gun. The State stood on
their response to the original motion.
(4) The Superior Court referred the postconviction motion to a Superior
Court Commissioner. In a report dated November 14, 2017, the Commissioner
recommended that the Superior Court deny Harris’ motion for postconviction relief.4
4
State v. Harris, 2017 WL 5606970 (Del. Nov. 14, 2017).
3
The Superior Court accepted the recommendation of the Superior Court
Commissioner and denied Harris’ motion for postconviction relief. This appeal
followed.
(5) On appeal, Postconviction Counsel filed a brief and a motion to
withdraw under Supreme Court Rule 26(c) (“Rule 26(c)”). Postconviction Counsel
asserts that, based upon a complete and careful examination of the record, there are
no arguably appealable issues. Postconviction Counsel informed Harris of the
provisions of Rule 26(c) and provided Harris with a copy of the motion to withdraw
and the accompanying brief. Postconviction Counsel also informed Harris of his
right to identify any points he wished this Court to consider on appeal. Harris
provided points for the Court to consider on appeal. The State has responded to
Harris’ points and asked this Court to affirm the Superior Court’s judgment.
(6) When reviewing a motion to withdraw and an accompanying brief
under Rule 26(c), this Court must: (i) be satisfied that defense counsel has made a
conscientious examination of the record and the law for arguable claims; and (ii)
conduct its own review of the record and determine whether the appeal is so totally
devoid of at least arguably appealable issues that it can be decided without an
adversary presentation.5 This Court reviews the Superior Court’s denial of
5
Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75, 83 (1988); Leacock v. State, 690 A.2d 926, 927-28 (Del. 1996).
4
postconviction relief for abuse of discretion.6 Questions of law are reviewed de
novo.7
(7) Harris argues, as he did below, that his trial counsel was ineffective for
failing to file a motion to suppress his statement about the gun based on the police
officer’s failure to first give Harris Miranda warnings. Harris does not raise the
other issues he raised below and has therefore waived any challenge to the Superior
Court’s rulings on those issues.8 Harris also argues for the first time that: (i)
Postconviction Counsel and trial counsel were ineffective for failing to argue that
Harris’ statement was a result of his mental health issues and illegal detention; (ii)
trial counsel was ineffective for failing to call his girlfriend to testify that the gun
was not Harris’ and that Harris suffered from mental health issues causing him to
make uncontrolled statements. Harris did not raise these claims in the Superior
Court and we will not consider them for the first time on appeal.9
(8) To prevail on an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, a defendant
must establish that: (i) his counsel’s representation fell below an objective standard
of reasonableness; and (ii) but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, there is a
reasonable probability that the outcome of the proceedings would have been
6
Dawson v. State, 673 A.2d 1186, 1190 (Del. 1996).
7
Id.8
Del. Supr. Ct. R. 14(b)(vi)(A)(3); Murphy v. State, 632 A.2d 1150, 1152 (Del. 1993).
9
Supr. Ct. R. 8. We note that nothing in the trial or sentencing transcripts suggests Harris’ mental
health issues cause him to make involuntary statements as he now claims.
5
different.10 Although not insurmountable, the Strickland standard is highly
demanding and subject to a “strong presumption that the representation was
professionally reasonable.”11 The defendant must also set forth and substantiate
concrete allegations of actual prejudice.12
(9) The record does not support Harris’ claim that his trial counsel should
have filed a motion to suppress his statement regarding his ownership of the gun
based on a Miranda violation. As the Superior Court Commissioner recognized, the
arresting officer testified on direct examination and cross-examination at trial that
he advised Harris of his Miranda rights, Harris said the gun belonged to him, and
then Harris invoked his right to remain silent. The officer gave the same testimony
at the preliminary hearing.
(10) On direct appeal, Harris, in his points in response to his trial counsel’s
motion to withdraw under Supreme Court Rule 26(c), did not claim that the police
officer failed to give him Miranda warnings before he made the statement about the
gun. Instead he claimed that the statement should have been suppressed because it
was not recorded.13 Harris’ trial counsel stated in his affidavit responding to Harris’
motion for postconviction relief that his conversations with Harris about the facts
10
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687-88 (1984).
11
Flamer v. State, 585 A.2d 736, 753 (Del. 1990).
12
Younger v. State, 580 A.2d 552, 556 (Del.1990).
13
Harris, 2015 WL 4164837, at *2.
6
and circumstances of his arrest caused him to conclude a motion to suppress based
on a Miranda violation was without merit. Nothing in the record supports Harris’
belated claim that he did not receive Miranda warnings before he said the gun
belonged to him. The Superior Court correctly concluded that Harris failed to show
his trial counsel’s decision not to file a motion to suppress fell below an objective
standard of reasonableness. The Superior Court did not err in denying Harris’
motion for postconviction relief.
(11) This Court has reviewed the record carefully and has concluded that
Harris’ appeal is wholly without merit and devoid of any arguably appealable issue.
We also are satisfied that Postconviction Counsel has made a conscientious effort to
examine the record and the law and has properly determined that Harris could not
raise a meritorious claim in this appeal.
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the judgment of the Superior
Court is AFFIRMED. The motion to withdraw is moot.
BY THE COURT:
/s/ James T. Vaughn, Jr.
Justice
7