Department of Justice v. Densten

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE of the :
STATE OF DELAWARE :
:
Appellant, :
v. :
:
ROBIN S. DENSTEN, : C.A. No. N14A-09-008 RFS
:
and :
:
UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE :
APPEAL BOARD, :
:
Appellees. :
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Submitted: June 1, 2016
Decided: July 6, 2016
Upon Appeal from the Decision of the Unemployment Insurance Appeal Board.
Affirmed.
Kevin R. Slattery, Esquire, Deputy Attorney General, Wilmington, Delaware, Attorney
for Appellant Department of Justice of the State of Delaware.
Dimitry Pilipis, Esquire, Legal Services Corporation of Delaware, Inc., Wilmington,
Delaware, Attorney for Appellee Robin S. Densten.
Paige J. Schmittinger, Esquire, Deputy Attorney General, Wilmington, Delaware,
Attorney for Appellee Unemployment Insurance Appeal Board.
STOKES, J.
I. INTRODUCTION
This is an appeal by the Department of Justice of the State of Delaware (“DOJ”) from a
decision of the Unemployment Insurance Appeal Board (the “UIAB” or “Board”) issued on
September 18, 2014. The UIAB found that Robin S. Densten (“Ms. Densten”) voluntarily left
her employment at the DOJ for good cause. For the reasons set forth below, the decision of the
UIAB is AFFIRMED.
II. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
In 2005, the appellee, Ms. Densten, became a DOJ Trial Support Specialist. Ms. Densten
was responsible for the preparation of audio/visual and other demonstrative exhibits for the
DOJ‟s prosecutors. Given Ms. Densten‟s position, she often was required to work late hours. In
the fall of 2013, Ms. Densten submitted an overtime request that initially was denied because she
failed to obtain prior approval in accordance with the DOJ‟s policy. On September 27, 2013,
Ms. Densten submitted her resignation.
On November 15, 2013, Ms. Densten filed a claim for unemployment compensation. A
Claims Deputy determined that, pursuant to 19 Del. C. § 3314, Ms. Densten left work voluntarily
without good cause; therefore, she was not entitled to unemployment compensation. Ms.
Densten filed an appeal, and a hearing was scheduled before an Appeals Referee. At the hearing,
Ms. Densten appeared pro se and testified. The DOJ presented the testimony of two witnesses,
Diane Hasse, the DOJ‟s Human Resources Director, and Joseph Grubb, Ms. Densten‟s
supervisor. Mr. Grubb became Ms. Densten‟s supervisor upon assuming the position of Chief
New Castle County Prosecutor. In a decision dated March, 26, 2015, the Appeals Referee
likewise found Ms. Densten was disqualified.
2
Ms. Densten filed a timely appeal of that decision to the UIAB, and a hearing was
scheduled for July 16, 2014. Because of witness unavailability, the DOJ sought a continuance.
The UIAB continued the hearing for July 30, 2014. On July 28, 2014, Ms. Densten requested a
continuance to better prepare her case. This request was granted, and the hearing was
rescheduled for August 13, 2014. The DOJ, again citing witness unavailability, requested
another postponement. However, the UIAB essentially informed the DOJ the request would
have to be made at the hearing. This was an older case on the docket.
When the DOJ made the request, the UIAB denied it; however, the Board limited the
scope of Ms. Densten‟s testimony. Specifically, she only could testify to conversations she had
with Ms. Hasse, the only DOJ witness present at the hearing. On September 8, 2014, the UIAB
reversed the decision of the Appeals Referee, finding that Ms. Densten did have good cause to
voluntarily leave work.
The DOJ filed a timely appeal to this Court on September 18, 2014. Briefing is
complete, and the matter is ripe for decision.
III. STANDARD OF REVIEW
The Court‟s appellate review of decisions of the UIAB is limited. The Court must
ascertain whether the Board‟s conclusions are supported by substantial evidence and free from
legal error.1 Substantial evidence means such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might
accept as adequate to support a conclusion.2 The Court will not weigh evidence, determine
questions of credibility, or make its own factual findings.3 Instead, the Court is restricted to a
1
Gsell v. Unclaimed Freight, 1995 WL 339026, at *2 (Del. Super. May 3, 1995).
2
Oceanport Ind. v. Wilm. Stevedores, 636 A.2d 892, 899 (Del. 1994).
3
Thompson v. Christiana Care Health Sys., 25 A.3d 778, 782 (Del. 2011).
3
consideration of the record4 in a light most favorable to the prevailing party before the UIAB.5
The scope of review for any court considering a decision of the UIAB on a continuance
request is whether there was an abuse of discretion.6 A procedural decision by an administrative
agency is not an abuse of discretion unless it is based on clearly unreasonable or capricious
grounds, or the decision exceeds the bounds of reason in view of the circumstances and ignored
recognized rules of law or practice so as to produce injustice.7 In the absence of an abuse of
discretion, the UIAB‟s decision must be upheld.8
IV. DISCUSSION
In support of its appeal, the DOJ raises two arguments. First, the DOJ contends the
UIAB committed errors of fact and law when it found that Ms. Densten established good cause
to voluntarily leave her employment.9 Second, the DOJ argues that the UIAB‟s denial of its
request for a continuance constituted an abuse of discretion.10
A. Ms. Densten Had Good Cause to Terminate Her Employment
Pursuant to 19 Del. C. § 3314(1), an individual is disqualified from the receipt of
unemployment compensation if “the individual left work voluntarily without good cause
attributable to such work . . . .”11 The phrase “left work voluntarily,” means leaving on one‟s
own volition, as opposed to being discharged.12 Additionally, the employee must have had the
conscious intention to terminate the employment.13 “Whether an employee‟s voluntary
4
Hubbard v. Unemployment Ins. Appeal Bd., 352 A.2d 761, 763 (Del. 1976).
5
Thompson, 25 A.3d at 782.
6
Funk v. Unemployment Ins. Appeal Bd., 591 A.2d 222, 225 (Del. 1991).
7
Rishel v. Milford Hospitality, 2015 WL 4719839, at *2 (Del. Super. Aug. 5, 2015).
8
Id.9
DOJ‟s Op. Br. at 7.
10
Id. at 14.
11
19 Del. C. § 3314(1).
12
Gsell, 1995 WL 339026, at *3.
13
Id.4
resignation constitutes „good cause‟ is a question of law and should be considered under the
standard of a reasonably prudent person acting under similar circumstances.”14
“Good cause for quitting a job must be such cause as would justify one in voluntarily
leaving the ranks of the employed and joining the ranks of the unemployed.”15 Additionally,
“[g]ood cause exists if the claimant demonstrates that her circumstances involve a substantial
reduction in wages or hours or a substantial deviation in working conditions from the original
agreement of hire.”16 By contrast, “unhappiness arising out of an unpleasant work environment,
without more, does not constitute good cause.”17 The burden is on the employee to establish
good cause attributable to the employment that justifies voluntarily leaving work.18
The Delaware Supreme Court recently defined good cause in the context of
unemployment compensation in Thompson v. Christiana Care Health Systems.19 For the
purposes of unemployment compensation, good cause is established where: (1) an employee
voluntarily leaves employment for reasons attributable to issues within the employer‟s control
and under circumstances in which no reasonably prudent employee would have remained
employed; and (2) the employee first exhausts all reasonable alternatives to resolve the issues
before voluntarily terminating his or her employment.20 With respect to the second prong, the
Court explained:
In order to exhaust all reasonable alternatives, the employee must at least notify
the employer of the problem and request a solution. The employee must also
bring the problem to the attention of someone with the authority to make the
14
Benjamin v. Net, Inc., 2013 WL 1091219, at *4 (Del. Super. Feb. 26, 2013).
15
Sandefur v. Unemployment Ins. Appeal Bd., 1993 WL 389217, at *4 (Del. Super. Aug. 27, 1993).
16
Lamberth v. Brandywine Counseling, 2013 WL 3864504, at *5 (Del. Super. July 23, 2013) (internal quotation
marks omitted).
17
Id.18
O’Neals’s Bus Serv., Inc. v. Emp’t Sec. Comm’n, 269 A.2d 247, 249 (Del. Super. 1970).
19
25 A.3d 778, 783 (Del. 2011).
20
Id.5
necessary adjustments, describe the problem in sufficient detail to allow for
resolution, and give the employer enough time to correct the problem.21
1. First Prong of the Good Cause Analysis
The DOJ contends that the UIAB‟s findings and conclusions do not support the first
prong of the good cause analysis set forth in Thompson. The Court disagrees. At the hearing
before the Board and the Appeals Referee, evidence was entered into the record indicating that
Ms. Densten was denied her overtime request despite working late hours to finish projects for
trial. When Densten met with Ms. Hasse to discuss the matter, she was told her request was
denied because she did not obtain preapproval as mandated by DOJ policy. It was only after Ms.
Densten submitted her resignation that the DOJ looked into the matter further and approved the
request.
In Sandefur v. Unemployment Insurance Appeals Board of State, the plaintiff was
required to work overtime after his relief failed to show up on time.22 Shortly thereafter, the
plaintiff terminated his employment due to the employer‟s failure to pay him for that overtime.23
A few months later, the plaintiff received a notice of overpayment, which he appealed, claiming
he had good cause to terminate his employment.24
On appeal, the court reasoned that “[a] substantial reduction in an employee‟s wage or
pay constitutes a compelling and necessitous reason for voluntarily terminating employment.”25
The court held that a refusal to pay an employee for overtime is entirely within the employer‟s
control and justifies a reasonably prudent employee leaving work voluntarily.26 Delaware courts
21
Id. (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
22
Sandefur, 1993 WL 389217, at *1.
23
Id.24
Id. at *3.
25
Id. at *4.
26
Id.
6
have consistently held that a substantial reduction in one‟s pay establishes good cause to
voluntarily terminate one‟s employment.27
The Board found that the DOJ‟s denial of Ms. Densten‟s overtime request was a
substantial reduction in her pay. A review of the record indicates that in her role as a Trial
Support Specialist, Ms. Densten often was given tasks at the last minute that required her to stay
late. Also, during her eight-year tenure at the DOJ, Ms. Densten consistently was paid for
overtime even though she did not obtain prior approval as required by DOJ policy. Accordingly,
the Court finds that there is substantial evidence in the record to support the UIAB‟s conclusion
that the DOJ‟s denial of Ms. Densten‟s overtime compensation constituted a substantial
reduction in pay, thus satisfying the first prong of the good cause analysis.28
2. Second Prong of the Good Cause Analysis
The DOJ argues that the UIAB‟s finding that Ms. Densten exhausted all reasonable
alternatives was erroneous as a matter of fact and law. Again, the Court disagrees. To
demonstrate that all reasonable alternatives have been exhausted, an employee must show that
she: (1) brought the problem to the attention of someone with the authority to make the necessary
adjustments; (2) described the problem in sufficient detail to allow for resolution; and (3) gave
the employer enough time to correct the problem.29
27
See Hopkins Constr., Inc. v. Del. Unemployment Ins. Appeal Bd., 1998 WL 960713, at *3 (Del. Super. Dec. 17,
1998) (“Good cause may consist of a substantial reduction in one‟s pay.”); Ament v. Rosenbluth Intern., 2000 WL
1610770, at *2 (Del. Super. Aug. 31, 2000) (“This Court has previously found that good cause exists (1) when an
employer fails to pay wages; (2) when a decrease in claimant‟s wages renders claimant unable to earn a living; and
(3) when claimant discussed decrease in wages with employer prior to quitting.”); Thompson, 25 A.3d at 784(“Good cause exists when [an employee‟s] ability to earn a living is jeopardized . . . .”) (alteration in original)
(citation omitted).
28
Sandefur, 1993 WL 389217, at *4 (“A refusal to pay an employee for overtime strikes the Court as a very
different situation than a simple wage reduction, and requires a different analysis. Where an employee is working
for an hourly wage, to require the employee to work to attain an end result without paying the employee for all of
the employee‟s time is not only unreasonable, but is contrary to federal law which requires a minimum hourly
wage.”).
29
See Thompson, 25 A.3d at 783.
7
The record reflects that Ms. Densten met with Ms. Hasse and discussed the problems she
was experiencing at the DOJ. In response, Ms. Hasse asked Ms. Densten if she had considered
looking for a job outside of the DOJ. The UIAB found that this statement could be reasonably
interpreted by Ms. Densten to mean she was out of options. In other words, Ms. Densten had
exhausted all reasonable alternatives. Because this statement was made in close proximity of
Ms. Densten‟s overtime denial, the Board found that she attempted to resolve the issues before
terminating her employment.
Moreover, the DOJ‟s contention that Ms. Densten was required to report up the “chain-
of-command” misstates the second prong of the good cause analysis. “While 19 Del. C. § 331[4]
does not impose a strict requirement that an employee must exhaust all potential remedies before
the employee may have good cause to quit, an employee does have an obligation to inform an
employer of resolvable problems and to make a good faith effort to resolve them before simply
leaving.”30
Ms. Densten was required to bring the problem to someone with the authority to make the
necessary adjustments and give that person enough time to correct the problem. The Board
found that, as the DOJ‟s Human Resources Director, Ms. Hasse had the capability and authority
to rectify Ms. Densten‟s situation.31 Therefore, when Ms. Hasse suggested that Ms. Densten
should consider looking for a job outside of the DOJ, it was reasonable for Ms. Densten to
believe that this advice was Ms. Hasse‟s solution. Accordingly, the Court finds that the UIAB
did not err when it applied the second prong of the good cause analysis. On the state of the
record, there substantial evidence to support the UIAB‟s findings; its decision must be upheld.
30
See Dahling v. Sure Equip., 1995 WL 339181, at *4 (Del. Super. May 10, 1995). Further, good cause is
determined at the time of resignation.
31
In fact, Ms. Hasse approved Ms. Densten‟s comp time request after she submitted her resignation. See Robin S.
Densten v. Dep’t of Justice, Appeal Docket No. 20929370, at 19:12-16 (Del. U.I.A.B. Aug. 13, 2014)
(TRANSCRIPT).
8
B. The UIAB’s Denial of the DOJ’s Request for a Continuance Was Not an Abuse of Discretion.
The DOJ contends that the UIAB‟s denial of its request for a continuance was
unreasonable and capricious. Pursuant to internal operating procedure, “[t]he grant or denial of
any request for continuance or postponement is within the discretion of the Board Chairman or
his or her designee.”32 Additionally, the party that attacks the UIAB‟s decision as unreasonable
and capricious bears the burden of proof.33 The DOJ has not shown that the UIAB‟s denial of its
request for a continuance exceeds the bounds of reason in view of the circumstances and ignored
recognized rules of law or practice so as to produce injustice.
Both parties offered extensive testimony at the hearing before the Appeals Referee, and
the DOJ already had been granted a continuance. Furthermore, Ms. Densten‟s testimony at the
hearing before the UIAB was limited to matters related to the only present witness, Ms. Hasse.
Lastly, the DOJ has not asserted any specific effects the UIAB‟s denial of its continuance request
would have on the outcome of the hearing. In light of the extensive testimony offered by both
parties before the Appeals Referee and that the UIAB already granted the DOJ a continuance, the
Court is not persuaded that the UIAB‟s denial of the DOJ‟s second request for a continuance
exceeded the bounds of reason.
V. CONCLUSION
This Court finds that the UIAB‟s decision is supported by substantial evidence and free
from legal error. This Court also finds that the UIAB did not abuse its discretion by denying the
DOJ‟s second request for a continuance. Accordingly, the decision of the UIAB is
AFFIRMED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
32
19 Del. Admin. C. § 1201-4.4.1.
33
K-Mart, Inc. v. Bowles, 1995 WL 269872, at *2 (Del. Super. Mar. 23, 1995).
9