Hurtt v. Del Frisco's Restaurant Group

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
Jessica Hurtt,
Plaintiff,
C.A. No.: N18C-05-201 SKR
V.
Del Frisco’s Restaurant Group,
Defendant.
Submitted: March 20, 2019
Decided: June 18, 2019
Upon Defendant Del Frisco’s Restaurant Group's
Motion to Dismiss and Compel Arbitration: GRANTED.
Arinderjit Dhali, Esq., Dhali & Reimer PLLC, Washington D.C., Kristen S. Swift,
Esq., Tybout, Redfearn & Pell, Wilmington, DE, Attorneys for Plaintiff.
James T. McBride, Esq., Jonathan C. Wilson, Esq., Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak
& Stewart, P.C., Dallas, TX, Patricia R. Urban, Esq., Pinckney, Weidinger, Urban
& Joyce LLC, Greenville, DE, Attorneys for Defendant.
Rennie, J.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Plaintiff, Jessica Hurtt (“Hurtt”), brought this action against defendant
Sullivan’s of Delaware, Inc.! (“Sullivan’s”), Hurtt’s former employer. Hurtt alleges
that Sullivan’s violated the Delaware Discrimination in Employment Act. Now
before the Court is Sullivan’s Motion to Dismiss and Compel Arbitration. In its
Motion, Sullivan’s contends that the case should be dismissed for lack of subject
matter jurisdiction, based on an arbitration agreement between Hurtt and Sullivan’s.
I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
On May 23, 2018, Hurtt filed this action’ against Sullivan’s, alleging various
violations of her civil rights under Delaware’s Discrimination in Employment Act,
including racial and sex discrimination, hostile work environment, retaliation, and
failure to accommodate religious beliefs.
Hurtt was employed by Sullivan’s as a server/bartender from January 2016 to
January 2017. Sullivan’s requires every job applicant to fill out an Employment
Application, and every new employee, as a precondition to their employment, to
execute a number of documents.’ All of these documents are accessed and executed
| In the Complaint, Hurtt listed “Del Frisco’s Restaurant Group” as the defendant. Sullivan’s, in
its Motion to Dismiss, averred that the defendant was misidentified, and the proper defendant in
this case should be “Sullivan’s of Delaware, Inc.” Hurtt does not object to this change.
2 Complaint (Trans. ID. 62062035).
3 Sullivan’s produced those documents that pertain to Hurtt at the evidentiary hearing. See
Defendant’s Exhibits B-J of the March 20, 2019 Hearing (hereinafter referred to as “Def. Ex.
___”), These documents include “Employment Application,” “Availability Sheet,” “Pay Selection
Sign-up / Authorization Form,” “Emergency Contact Information,” “Employee Setup Worksheet,”
2
via an electronic on-boarding system called talentReef.* An affidavit’ (the
“talentReef Affidavit”) from talentReef’s Enterprise Account Manager, the
custodian of records for talentReef, states that every potential employee of
talentReef’s customers, such as Sullivan’s, must create a unique account to apply for
open jobs, including filling out the Employment Application.® Once hired, the new
employee is required to complete new hire paperwork through that unique account.’
To create a unique account, the employee must set up her own “log in credentials,”
which includes a password known solely by the employee.* The password is
required every time the employee logs into her account.” Also, the password is
required in each instance that the employee’s electronic signature is requested for a
specific document.'®
Among the various documents that a new employee is required to sign when
hired by Sullivan’s is a Mandatory Arbitration Agreement and Procedure for
Resolving Disputes Arising Out of Its Employees’ Employment or Termination of
Employment (the “Arbitration Agreement”). The Arbitration Agreement contains a
“HIPAA Initial Notice,” “Mandatory Arbitration Agreement,” “Employment Eligibility
Verification (I-9 Form),” and “Employee’s Withholding Allowance Certificate (W-4 Form).”
4 Motion to Dismiss and Compel Arbitration (“Mot. to Dismiss”), Ex. 1, Affidavit of Robyn Martin
(Trans. ID. 62182892).
> Def. Ex. K.1, talentReef Affidavit (“talentReef Aff.”).
6
Id.,4 5.
TI.
8 Td.
° Id. F 6.
10 Td.
provision which states that the new employee and Sullivan’s agree to resolve claims
under Delaware’s Discrimination in Employment Act through binding arbitration,
and the parties are precluded from raising such claims in any federal or state court.!!
In addition to the Arbitration Agreement, the Employment Application references
binding arbitration. That document specifically requires a job applicant, such as
Hurtt, to confirm that she understands that the employment with Sullivan’s is
“conditioned upon [her] agreement to abide by the [Arbitration Agreement].”!”
On June 27, 2018, Sullivan’s moved to dismiss the case for lack of subject
matter jurisdiction pursuant to Superior Court Civil Rule 12(b)(1). In its Motion,
Sullivan’s contends that Hurtt signed the Arbitration Agreement when she was
initially employed by Sullivan’s. Sullivan’s asserts that, by signing the Arbitration
Agreement, Hurtt agreed to arbitrate any disputes arising out of her employment
with Sullivan’s, including the claims pending in this case.
Hurtt filed an Opposition to Sullivan’s Motion. Hurtt does not dispute that
the claims raised in her Complaint are encompassed by the Arbitration Agreement.
Hence, if the Arbitration Agreement is found to be applicable, Hurtt would be unable
to pursue her claims in this Court. Rather, Hurtt contends that she was not aware of
the Arbitration Agreement and did not sign it. As a result, Hurtt asserts that there is
| Def. Ex. H, Arbitration Agreement at A.1.
!2 Def. Ex. B, Employment Application at 5.
no binding arbitration agreement that precludes the Court from hearing her case. On
March 20, 2019, the Court held an evidentiary hearing’’ to resolve the factual
disputes surrounding whether or not Hurtt signed the Arbitration Agreement. After
considering the testimony and documentary evidence received at the hearing, the
Court finds that the Arbitration Agreement is applicable to Hurtt, and therefore
deprives the Court of subject matter jurisdiction in this case.
Il. STANDARD OF REVIEW
“A motion to dismiss based on an arbitration clause goes to the Court’s subject
matter jurisdiction over the dispute.”'* In Delaware, the power to compel arbitration
lies exclusively with the Court of Chancery, but this Court has the authority to
determine whether a valid and enforceable arbitration agreement exists for purposes
of determining whether it has subject matter jurisdiction.!° The burden of
establishing the Court’s jurisdiction rests with the plaintiff.!° In reviewing such a
motion, the Court may consider documents outside the complaint.'? And “where the
13 Transcript for March 20, 2019 Evidentiary Hearing (“Hearing Transcript”) (Trans. ID.
63373089).
14 NAMA Holdings, LLC v. Related World Mkt. Ctr., LLC, 922 A.2d 417, 429 n.15 (Del. Ch. 2007)
(internal citation omitted) (“Delaware courts lack subject matter jurisdiction to resolve disputes
that litigants have contractually agreed to arbitrate.”).
'5 Jones v. 810 Broom St. Operations LLC, 2014 WL 1347746, at *1 (Del. Super. Apr. 7, 2014)
(internal citations omitted).
16 Maloney-Refaie v. Bridge at Sch., Inc., 958 A.2d 871, 882 (Del. Ch. 2008) (internal citations
omitted) (stating that, unlike a Rule 12(b)(6) analysis, the Court’s review of a Rule 12(b)(1) motion
is far more demanding of the plaintiff).
17 NAMA Holdings, at 429 n.15.
plaintiff's jurisdictional allegations are challenged through the introduction of
material extrinsic to the pleadings, [the plaintiff] must support those allegations with
competent proof.”
Ili. DISCUSSION
Sullivan’s produced, among other documents, the Arbitration Agreement
purportedly signed by Hurtt. The Arbitration Agreement bears an electronic
signature of “Jessica Hurtt-Dunkley,” and a date and time of January 26, 2016, at
5:05:22 P.M. EST. Hurtt acknowledged that, upon her employment with Sullivan’s,
she filled out and signed all the forms and documents that were introduced by
Sullivan’s at the hearing, with the exception of the Arbitration Agreement and the
W-4 Form.!® Hurtt asserted that she had never seen the Arbitration Agreement, and
thus could not have signed it.
As indicated above, the burden is on Hurtt to provide “competent proof” that
she did not sign the Arbitration Agreement. Throughout Hurtt’s testimony at the
hearing, she suggested that a document with an electronic signature could easily be
fabricated. In her own affidavit, Hurtt stated that “[i]t [wa]s my belief that someone
else typed in [my name] without my authorization [sic] in the Arbitration
18 K&K Screw Prods., LLC v. Emerick Capital Invs., Inc., 2011 WL 3505354, at *6 (Del. Ch. Aug.
9, 2011) (internal citation omitted).
19 As to the W-4 Form, Hurtt admitted that she signed one, but denied that the W-4 Form produced
by Sullivan’s as Def. Ex. J was the one that she signed.
6
Agreement.”° However, Hurtt did not produce any affirmative evidence to
demonstrate that the signature was fabricated. On the contrary, the talentReef
affidavit states that the Arbitration Agreement could only be signed through a unique
account accessible solely to Hurtt herself. In lieu of providing direct evidence that
her signature was fabricated, Hurtt raised certain suspicions about the signature as it
appears on the Arbitration Agreement, and attempted to invalidate the Agreement
on those bases.
First, Hurtt stated that she would never have signed the Arbitration Agreement
with the name “Jessica Hurtt-Dunkley.” Specifically, Hurtt contends that, although
“Jessica Hurtt-Dunkley” is her legal name, she uses it only when completing official
(federal or state) documents or when asked to provide her full legal name.” For
example, in official documents such as the I-9 Form and W-4 Form, “J essica Hurtt-
Dunkley” was entered in the name section; and in the “Pay Selection Sign-Up/
Authorization Form,” although an unofficial document, because her full name was
requested, Hurtt also entered “Jessica Hurtt-Dunkley.” But in unofficial documents
such as the “Availability Sheet” and the “Employee Setup Worksheet,” it was
“Jessica Hurtt” that was used. However, this alleged habit of reserving “Jessica
Hurtt-Dunkley” only to official documents, even if true, does not bolster Hurtt’s
20 Def. Ex. A, Hurtt Affidavit (“Hurtt Aff”), 6.
21 Hearing Transcript at 28:23-29:5, 33:5-33:9; see also Hurtt Aff., { 6.
7
contention that she did not sign the Arbitration Agreement. Because the Arbitration
Agreement, except for the signature section, does not contain another field that
requested Hurtt’s name, the Court cannot verify whether Hurtt signed it or not based
solely on whether the name used to complete the document complied with Hurtt’s
alleged habit.
Hurtt also stated that she would never have electronically signed her name as
“Jessica Hurtt-Dunkley” in any documents.” Hence, Hurtt suggests that the
signature of “Jessica Hurtt-Dunkley” on the Arbitration Agreement would not have
been authored by her. Notably, the I-9 Form, which Hurtt admitted that she had
signed, clearly bears the signature of “Jessica Hurtt-Dunkley.” This expressly
contradicts Hurtt’s testimony. Hurtt then provided an explanation for this
inconsistency. She testified that, when electronically signing the new hire
documents, she did not type in the signatures letter-by-letter, but rather they
auto-populated.2* For example, when she had typed “Jessica Hurtt-Dunkley” in the
name section in a particular document, “Jessica Hurtt-Dunkley” would
auto-populate in the signature section where she was required to sign. The same
auto-pupulation occurred when she typed “Jessica Hurtt” in the name section.”4
2 Hurtt Aff, 6.
23 Hearing Transcript at 45:18-45:22.
24 Td. at 105:2-106:8.
Therefore, Hurtt contends that those “Jessica Hurtt-Dunkley” signatures were there
solely because that name had been previously entered in the same document.”°
The Court is not persuaded by Hurtt’s explanation of the existence of the
“Jessica Hurtt-Dunkley” signatures. The logical conclusion to be drawn from
Hurtt’s explanation is that the signature in a document would always be consistent
with the name she previously typed in that same document. But this is not the case
here. For example, in the “Pay Selection Sign-Up/Authorization Form,”*° Hurtt was
first requested to fill in her full name in the name section, where she typed “Jessica
Hurtt-Dunkley.” Based on Hurtt’s theory, the signature in that document would have
auto-populated as “Jessica Hurtt-Dunkley.” However, the signature appearing there
is actually “Jessica Hurtt.” Because the auto-population theory fails in at least this
one instance, there is no reason to believe that it can explain those “Jessica
Hurtt-Dunkley” signatures. Therefore, the mere existence of a “Jessica
Hurtt-Dunkley” signature could not be an indicator of whether a particular
document, such as the Arbitration Agreement, was signed by Hurtt or not.
In addition to questioning the name she purportedly used to sign the
Arbitration Agreement, Hurtt also questioned the time she purportedly signed it. The
Arbitration Agreement shows that it was signed on January 26, 2016, at 5:05:22 P.M.
*° Id. at 64:19-66:7.
6 Def. Ex. D, Pay Selection Sign-Up/ Authorization Form.
9
EST. During cross-examination of Hurtt, Sullivan’s attorney asked her whether she
worked on that day. Hurtt initially denied that she worked that day.”’ Sullivan’s
then produced a time sheet”® from its payroll system which shows that Hurtt attended
a training session that day from 3:38 P.M to 8:52 P.M. Hurtt finally admitted that
she attended that training session.”
Hurtt only reluctantly admitted that she was at Sullivan’s on January 26, 2016
from 3:38 P.M. to 8:52 P.M., but she thereafter attempted to use this fact to support
her contention that she did not sign the Arbitration Agreement. Specifically, Hurtt
contends that she could not have signed the Arbitration Agreement at 5:05 P.M.,
because she would be in the middle of the training and had no time to sign the
Agreement.? Hurtt stated that the first part of the training consisted of reading
training materials and taking quizzes.*' She further testified that, at approximately
4:45 P.M., after her initial training, she and the other servers conducted a “pre-shift,”
which was to prepare for the opening of the restaurant.” After the restaurant opened,
27 Hearing Transcript at 78:2—78:19.
28 Def. Ex. K.2, Time Sheet of Hurtt’s Training Session on January 26, 2016.
29 Hurtt tried to avoid directly admitting that she was at Sullivan’s on January 26, 2016, by
suggesting that she only confirmed this fact because “that’s what [the time sheet] says.” Hearing
Transcript at 84:15-84:21, 110:6-110:10. But it is at least clear that, after Sullivan’s introduced
the time sheet, Hurtt stopped denying that she was at Sullivan’s that day. Hurtt later even took
advantage of the fact that she was in the training session at Sullivan’s during the time period shown
on the time sheet to bolster her own case.
30 Yd. at 113:11-113:21.
31 Tq. at 97:7-97:11.
2 The “pre-shift” included things like getting familiarized with that day’s specials and featured
wines, tasting food, and wiping silverware, etc. Id. at 97:15—97:23.
10
which was between 5:00 P.M. and 5:30 P.M.,?? Hurtt shadowed another server, as
part of her training, until she left at 8:52 P.M. that night’ Hurtt also testified that
she was extremely busy from around 4:45 P.M. until she left, and thus could not
have signed the Arbitration Agreement during that timeframe.*°
Except for her own denial of signing the Arbitration Agreement, Hurtt did not,
however, provide any other evidence to corroborate that testimony. Hurtt admitted
that she had internet access through her cell phone that day.*® Thus, Hurtt could not
deny that she, at least, possessed the capability to sign the Arbitration Agreement
through the online talentReef system.
To further support her contention that she did not and could not have signed
the Arbitration Agreement at around 5:05-5:06 P.M. on January 26, 2016, Hurtt
stated that, the only other document?” purportedly signed by her around that time,
the W-4 Form, was also fabricated. She contends that several sections of the W-4
Form were filled out in a way that appeared suspicious, the first of which was the
address section. Hurtt testified that the address on the W-4 Form was not her address
33 Yurtt first testified that Sullivan’s did not open “until five, or a little bit later.” Id. at 112:3—
112:4. She later clarified that time to be “[e]ither 5:00 or 5:30.” Jd. at 112:23—-113:4.
34 Td. at 113:22—115:5. Hurtt stated that although she was shadowing another server, she was very
hands-on and did all things a server/bartender at Sullivan’s was required to do, including making
wine, preparing salad and desserts. Jd. at 114:8-114:16.
35 Td. at 113:11-115:5.
36 Tq. at 102:7-102:8. Hurtt also assumed that the computer in the manager’s officer had internet
access because there was Comcast cable at Sullivan’s. /d. at 100:13-100:21.
37 All the other new hire documents produced by Sullivan’s, which Hurtt admitted that she had
signed, were signed between 12:25 P.M. and 12:35 P.M. on January 26, 2016.
11
and is inconsistent with the addresses used on the other documents.*® She testified
that the address on the W-4 Form was in fact her mother’s address, and that the same
address was listed on her passport, a copy of which she had provided to Sullivan’s.°?
Hurtt appears to suggest that someone at Sullivan’s used the address information on
her passport to fabricate the W-4 Form. Hurtt also questioned the appearance of her
signature on the W-4 Form. That signature, “Jessica Hurtt-Dunkley,” has a capital
letter “D”; while the name used in the name section in the same document is “Jessica
Hurtt-dunkley,” with a lowercase “d.” According to Hurtt, this inconsistency shows
that this document was not created by her, because when she was filling out these
documents the signature auto-populated to be consistent with the previously entered
name.
Hurtt’s reliance on the alleged discrepancies on the W-4 Form is misguided.
Using her mother’s address in this particular document, although unwonted, as she
used her own address in the other documents, does not per se demonstrate that this
document was fabricated. Hurtt’s contention regarding the signature is also
unpersuasive, as it was based on the auto-population theory which the Court, in this
Opinion, has already found to be inconclusive. Moreover, Hurtt admitted that the
number of tax exemptions entered in the W-4 Form, a number that could not be
38 Td. at 67:21-68:1.
39 Td. at 103:21-104:5, 53:16-53:18.
12
easily obtained or guessed by others, was consistent with what she had regularly
used, which corroborates the fact that the W-4 Form produced by Sullivan’s was
exactly the one Hurtt had signed. Hurtt’s claim of fabrication, without additional
proof, is unfounded.
In conclusion, Sullivan’s has made a prima facie case that challenges the
Court’s subject matter jurisdiction. Sullivan’s produced the Arbitration Agreement
with Hurtt’s electronic signature. Sullivan’s produced an affidavit from the
third-party provider of the on-boarding system, talentReef, that verifies that the
Arbitration Agreement could only be accessed and signed through a unique account
created by Hurtt herself. Sullivan’s also produced the Employment Application,
which Hurtt admitted that she had reviewed and signed. And the Employment
Application explicitly gave Hurtt a preview that her employment would be
conditioned upon the signing of the Arbitration Agreement.
Hurtt, who has the burden of proof in this jurisdictional dispute, has failed to
meet her burden. Other than simply denying that she had signed the Arbitration
Agreement, Hurtt has failed to provide any reliable evidence to demonstrate that she
was not the signator on that Agreement. Hurtt attempted to raise some suspicions
and concerns about the signature and the time of signing, but much of Hurtt’s
testimony and explanations on those points are inconsistent and do not reconcile
13
with each other. Hence, the alleged suspicions do not constitute “competent proof”
that the Agreement was not signed by her.
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, the Court finds that Hurtt failed to carry her burden
of establishing that she did not sign the Arbitration Agreement. Therefore, her
claims asserted in this action are subject to mandatory arbitration. The Court does
not have subject matter jurisdiction over those claims, and Sullivan’s Motion to
Dismiss and Compel Arbitration is hereby GRANTED.*)
IT IS SO ORDERED.
Shelden-K Rennie, Judge
40 Although Sullivan’s Motion was titled as “Motion to Dismiss and Compel Arbitration,”
Sullivan’s arguments in the Motion were limited to that the Court has no subject matter
jurisdiction. Sullivan’s did not seek to “compel” arbitration of the disputes at bar through an order
of this Court. And as made clear previously in this Opinion, in Delaware, the power to compel
arbitration lies exclusively with the Chancery Court. Therefore, the Court here only dismisses the
case, without in any way “compelling” the parties to seek arbitration.
14