State v. Brown

IN THE STATE OF DELAWARE
STATE OF DELAWARE )
)
v. ) Crim. ID No. 2104011001
)
SAVION BROWN, )
)
Defendant. )
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Submitted: November 2, 2021
Decided: November 9, 2021
Upon Consideration of Defendant’s Motion to Transfer Charges to Family Court,
GRANTED.
Colleen Durkin, Esquire, Deputy Attorney General, Department of Justice,
Wilmington, Delaware. Attorney for State.
Meghan E. Crist, Esquire, Assistant Public Defender, Office of Defense Services,
Wilmington, DE. Attorney for Defendant.
MEDINILLA, J.
1
I. INTRODUCTION
Defendant Savion Brown (Defendant) stands accused of Rape in the First
Degree, Conspiracy in the First Degree, Rape in the Second Degree, and Conspiracy
in the Second Degree.1 The allegations stem from an incident reported and
investigated in June of 2019 when Defendant was approximately sixteen years old.2
Currently almost nineteen years of age, he seeks to transfer his charges to Family
Court under 10 Del. C. § 1011. For the reasons fully set out at the hearing and upon
consideration of the parties’ submissions, oral argument, and the record in this case,
Defendant’s Motion to Transfer Charges to Family Court is GRANTED.
II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY3
At the reverse amenability hearing held on November 2, 2021, the State
presented one witness, Chief Investigating Officer Detective Danielle Watson of the
Wilmington Police Department. She testified that on June 17, 2019, the police were
summoned to Christiana Hospital regarding a report of sexual assault. The assault
was alleged to have occurred one week prior on June 10, 2019, at the residence of
then seventeen-year-old S.B.4 Defendant was sixteen at the time as was his co-
1
See Indictment, True Bill, D.I. 1.
2
Defendant’s date of birth is January 18, 2003.
3
This recitation is based upon oral argument and evidence presented at the reverse amenability
hearing on Defendant’s Motion to Transfer on November 2, 2021.
4
Given the alleged victim’s age in 2019 and for purposes of this ruling, the victim’s name will
remain anonymous.
2
defendant Jayden Gordon (“Gordon”). An eyewitness, Brandon Johnson
(“Johnson”), was fifteen years of age at the time.
Detective Watson testified that S.B. was in her home when Gordon asked if
he and Defendant could come over, claiming that Defendant had been locked out of
his residence. S.B. had been in a relationship with Gordon for six months and so she
agreed. When Defendant and Gordon arrived at S.B.’s home, they watched
television in the basement. S.B. and Gordon then went upstairs and engaged in
consensual sexual intercourse. During this time, Defendant let Johnson into the
house. When S.B. and Gordon returned to the basement, the teens continued to
watch a movie. Detective Watson indicated that while in the basement, S.B.
consumed two-and-a-half or three shots of alcohol.5 Soon after, S.B. and Gordon
again went upstairs to engage in sexual intercourse.
Johnson and S.B. were consistent in their accounts that while S.B. and Gordon
engaged in sexual intercourse the second time, FaceTime communications were
taking place between the four teens. It is unclear who initiated the communication,
but during the exchange it is alleged that Gordon told Defendant and Johnson to head
upstairs where they were having sex. S.B. told the officers that when she overheard
Defendant say, “bro we’re coming upstairs” that she interjected and said “No.”
5
The accounts of the consumption of alcohol varied between S.B. and Johnson where either the
boys did not drink or if they did, it was only Defendant who may have shared half of a shot with
S.B.
3
S.B. and Gordon continued engaging in sexual intercourse when Defendant
and Johnson entered her bedroom. Johnson stayed in a corner or outside of the room
and recorded the encounter on his phone. At some point, Gordon stopped having
sex with S.B. and Defendant began engaging in sexual intercourse with her. Due to
the sexual position, S.B. alleged that she did not initially realize it was Defendant
who was having sex with her. When she realized who it was, she states she
immediately yelled for him to stop. Detective Watson testified that S.B. reported to
her that Defendant did not do so until Gordon told Defendant to “chill.”
In her July 5, 2019, interview with Detective Watson, S.B. claimed she found
out approximately one week after the incident that a video was circulating in school
that depicted the events in her room. S.B. did not see the video but identified for
police that a friend told her about the video. When Detective Watson interviewed
this individual, she told Detective Watson that she only heard about the video but
had not seen it and that the person who had seen it was not going to cooperate. For
reasons unrelated to this incident, the video was never acquired by the police as a
factory reset had wiped out the contents of Johnson’s phone.
For various reasons that included delays due to COVID-19, Johnson was not
interviewed until fourteen months later in September of 2020. Johnson stated that
Defendant and Gordon had discussed plans to visit Gordon’s “jump-off” (sex
partner) and Gordon expressed intentions of having sex with S.B. According to
4
Johnson, Gordon and Defendant also discussed ways that Defendant could also
initiate having sexual intercourse with her after Gordon. However, he was not
present when Gordon and Defendant initially entered S.B.’s house and was unable
to provide a statement about what the three of them may have discussed prior to his
arrival.
On May 10, 2021, eight months after Johnson was interviewed, Defendant
was indicted by the Grand Jury of Rape First Degree, Rape Second Degree and the
accompanying Conspiracy charges. Defendant filed a Motion to Transfer on June
25, 2021. The Court held the hearing on November 2, 2021.
III. STANDARD OF REVIEW
The reverse amenability process is meant to identify juveniles charges as
adults who are amenable to the rehabilitative process of the Family Court.6 If the
juvenile files a motion to transfer the adult charges, this Court must hold a reverse
amenability hearing and weigh the four factors set forth in 10 Del. C. § 1011(b).7
The Court may consider evidence of: (1) “[t]he nature of the present offense and the
extent and nature of the defendant’s prior record, if any;”8 (2) “[t]he nature of past
treatment and rehabilitative efforts and the nature of the defendant’s response
6
See generally 10 Del. C. §§ 1010-11; see also Hughes v. State, 653 A.2d 241, 249 (Del. 1994)
(quoting Marine v. State, 624 A.2d 1181, 1184 (Del. 1993); Marine v. State, 607 A.2d 1185,
1209 (Del. 1992)).
7
See, e.g., State v. Harper, 2014 WL 1303012, at *5-7 (Del. Super. Mar. 31, 2014).
8
10 Del. C. § 1011(b)(1).
5
thereto, if any;”9 (3) “[w]hether the interests of society and the defendant would be
best served by trial in the Family Court or in the Superior Court[;]” 10 and (4) any
“other factors which, in the judgment of the Court are deemed relevant.”11
IV. DISCUSSION
A. Fair Likelihood of Conviction
Before weighing the § 1011(b) factors, “this Court must preliminarily
determine whether the State has made out a prima facie case against the juvenile.”12
The Court considers “whether there is a fair likelihood that [the defendant] will be
convicted of the crimes charged.”13 Furthermore, “[a] real probability must exist
that a reasonable jury could convict on the totality of the evidence assuming that the
evidence adduced at the reverse amenability hearing stands unrebutted by the
defendant at trial.”14
The State has met its prima facia case as to all charges. The evidence
presented establishes that Defendant joined Gordon and S.B. while they were
engaged in a sexual encounter. As alleged, it was done so without her consent.
Though there are discrepancies in the versions provided, at this juncture, there is a
fair likelihood of conviction.
9
Id. at § 1011(b)(2).
10
Id. at § 1011(b)(3).
11
Id. at § 1011(b).
12
Harper, 2014 WL 1303012, at *5 (citing Marine v. State, 624 A.2d 1181, 1185 (Del. 1993)).
13
Id.14
Id.6
Weighing § 1011(b)’s Four Factors
The purpose of “determining a juveniles amenability is to place a judicial
check on the prosecutorial charging of juveniles.”15 However, 10 Del. C. § 1010
states that when a juvenile is charged with the crime of Rape in the First Degree or
Second Degree, among others, a child shall be proceeded against as an adult. 16
Therefore, “since a juvenile charged with a designated felony in the Superior Court
has lost the benefit of Family Court adjudication by statutory pronouncement, there
is a presumption that need exists for adult discipline and legal restraint. Hence, the
burden is upon the juvenile to demonstrate to the contrary.”17 In considering whether
the factors weigh in favor of transfer, Defendant has met his burden.
1. Section 1011(b) Factor One: Nature of Present Offense and the Extent
and Nature of Defendant’s Prior Record
The first § 1011(b) factor is two pronged.18 Here, charges of Rape First and
Second degrees weigh against transfer. Yet as to the second prong, it weighs in favor
of transfer as Defendant has never been charged nor adjudicated delinquent. He has
15
Id. at *4 (citing State v. Anderson, 697 A.2d 379, 383 (Del. 1997)).
16
See 10 Del. C. § 1010(a)(1).
17
Harper, 2014 WL 1303012, at *4 (quoting Anderson, 385 A.2d at 740) (internal quotations
omitted); see also State v. Mayhall, 659 A.2d 790, 795 (Del. Super. 1995) (“I also take into
consideration the fact that by including second degree murder in those offenses where original
jurisdiction has been conferred on the Superior Court under 10 Del. C. § 1010 the legislature has
created a rebuttable presumption that juveniles charged with that crime should be tried as adults
and the burden of proof rests with each defendant to rebut that presumption.”).
18
Id.
7
no criminal record. Therefore, this factor splits and weighs neither for nor against
transfer.
2. Section 1011(b) Factor Two: Nature of Past Treatment and
Defendant’s Response
Since Defendant has never been active with YRS, there is no record of past
treatment nor history of rehabilitative efforts through YRS. What we know is that
he is currently on adult pretrial supervision. While on supervision, his officer
reported that Defendant has been compliant and respectful.
Laura Cooney-Koss, Psy. D. testified and provided a nineteen-page report.
For reasons more fully stated on the record, she opines that Defendant is amenable
to the services of Family Court.19 Furthermore, Dr. Cooney-Koss stated that placing
Defendant in a residential facility with adults or youth would be counter to his needs
based on the risk assessments that demonstrated his needs could and should be met
through YRS and community supervision.20 Her testimony was unrebutted. This
factor weighs in favor of transfer.
3. Section 1011(b) Factor Three: Interest of Society and Defendant
Dr. Cooney-Koss further opined that Defendant’s sophistication-maturity
tests yielded results that suggest he is at a higher level compared to other youth in
19
See Psychological Evaluation by Laura Cooney-Koss, Psy.D., at 17 (Oct. 25, 2021).
20
See id.
8
the juvenile justice setting.21 At age eighteen, he is a high school graduate, works
full-time, has remained with a girlfriend of three years, and enjoys the involvement
of supportive parents. He is scheduled to begin college in Florida on a football
scholarship. Though his conduct at age sixteen, if proven beyond a reasonable
doubt, was inexcusably egregious, the evidence presented supports a finding that he
can rehabilitate. Therefore, it is not in his best interest to remain in this Court.
As for society’s interest, Dr. Cooney-Koss further opined that Defendant does
not pose a risk to the community and is expected to instead be an asset.22 The expert
conducted a risk assessment which demonstrated Defendant has “a significantly
lower degree of risk as compared to other juvenile offenders.”23 Dr. Cooney-Koss
further testified Defendant is not at risk of sexual recidivism. She performed a sexual
risk assessment which scored him on 20 different factors, concluding that his results
“are extremely favorable” and youth, like the Defendant, who fall predominately in
the protective category “generally do not require inappropriate sexual behavior
treatment.”24
Jennifer Skinner of YRS (who testified in a different capacity) testified that
YRS has a Sexual Behaviors Unit specialized in providing age-appropriate resources
21
Id.
22
Id.
23
Id. at 12.
24
Id. at 18.
9
for juveniles facing similar type offenses. Since he is not active with the Division,
she could only provide testimony as to the services that could be provided should he
return to Family Court. Accordingly, she testified that although residential services
could only be provided to Defendant until the day before his nineteenth birthday,
community supervision is available to him until age twenty-one. And given her
review of Dr. Cooney-Koss’ opinion regarding risk, it would be likely that no
residential placement would be warranted for Defendant and community supervision
would be appropriate. For these reasons, the Court finds this factor weighs in favor
of transfer.25
V. CONCLUSION
The Court does not fault the Wilmington Police for the delay in investigating
this case, especially during the pandemic. The years of delay however not only
resulted in the destruction of video evidence but, for purposes here, impacts
rehabilitation. It is impossible to consider whether the conduct of a sixteen-year-old
requires rehabilitation where the evidence presented was that of an almost nineteen-
year-old. Perhaps if he had been charged sooner, this Court’s review would have
been unnecessary and, with no prior record, Defendant would have been adjudicated
in Family Court with a wider rehabilitation window.
25
The fourth factor of § 1011(b) – other factors the Court deems relevant – has been sufficiently
addressed in the other § 1011(b) factors such that the Court need not explicitly address this factor
in this ruling.
10
Today, now nearly nineteen, the unrebutted evidence suggests that the passage
of time and Defendant’s entry into the criminal justice system has perhaps
rehabilitated him. At the very least, it appears to have sent a message. It remains to
be seen whether time and the bitter taste of adult charges will sufficiently keep
Defendant out of our criminal justice system. But there is hope. . . and time. With
community supervision, YRS can still provide services, if needed, until age twenty-
one.
Under § 1011(b), the Court finds that the factors weigh in favor of transfer.
For the reasons stated above, Defendant’s Motion to Transfer Charges to Family
Court is GRANTED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
/s/ Vivian L. Medinilla
Judge Vivian L. Medinilla
oc: Prothonotary
cc: Defendant
Department of Justice
Office of Defense Services
11