State v. Mack

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
STATE OF DELAWARE )
)
v. ) I.D. # 1809014735
)
)
KOSHAUN MACK, )
)
Defendant. )
Date Submitted: March 27, 2020
Date Decided: July 14, 2020
MEMORANDUM OPINION DENYING KOSHAUN MACK’S MOTION
FOR CORRECTION OF SENTENCE
DAVIS, J.
I. INTRODUCTION
Defendant Koshaun Mack filed a Motion for Correction of Illegal Sentence (the
“Motion”) contesting that his 2012 Trafficking PCP conviction was not sufficient to classify as a
prior qualifying offense to elevate the present charge. Mr. Mack argues that his sentence is
illegal because his 2012 Trafficking PCP conviction was not a prior qualifying conviction under
16 Del. C. § 4751B(1) (“Section 4751B(1)”). For the reasons set forth below, the Court will
DENY the Motion.
II. RELEVANT FACTS1
In September 2018, police responded to a shots-fired report and found Mr. Mack on the
roof of a house. When police arrived, Mr. Mack was screaming incoherently. Mr. Mack then
he indicated that he had a gun, and entered the house through a window. Officers apprehended
Mr. Mack as he attempted to leave the house. Officers subsequently searched the house and
found PCP, drug paraphernalia, a handgun, and ammunition. In November 2018, the Grand
1
See Mack v. State, 224 A.3d 202 (Table), 2019 WL 7342514 (Del. 2019).
Jury indicted Mr. Mack on various drug- and weapon-related charges. On May 1, 2019, the
State charged Mr. Mack, by information, with an additional drug charge after completing
forensic testing on some of the substances.
On May 7, 2019, Mr. Mack pleaded guilty to Aggravated Possession of PCP in a Tier 1
amount and Possession of Ammunition by a Person Prohibited (“PABPP”). In exchange for Mr.
Mack’s guilty plea, the State dismissed the other charges. The Aggravated Possession of PCP
charge was treated as a Class D Violent Felony because, according to the Plea Agreement, “…of
[a] Prior Qualifying Title 16 Conviction.”2 The purported qualifying Title 16 conviction was a
2012 Trafficking in Phencyclidine (the “2012 Conviction”).
The Court sentenced Mr. Mack as follows: (i) Aggravated Possession of PCP—eight
years at Level V, with inpatient drug treatment, suspended after four years and 258 days for two
years at Level IV DOC discretion, suspended after six months at Level IV for eighteen months of
Level III probation; and (ii) PABPP—eight years at Level V, suspended for one year at Level III
probation. The Court’s sentence was consistent with the sentencing recommendation made in
connection with the guilty plea. Mr. Mack did not contest the plea or contend that the 2012
Conviction did not constitute a qualifying conviction under Section 4751B(1).3
Mr. Mack appealed the conviction. On December 30, 2019, the Supreme Court affirmed
Mr. Mack’s conviction.4
Mr. Mack filed the Motion on February 21, 2020. In the Motion, Mr. Mack seeks
correction of his alleged illegal sentence, requesting that his conviction be dismissed for time
served and supervision at Level II for 18. The State filed its response to the Motion on March
2
Plea Agreement dated April 29, 2019.
3
See 11 Del. C. § 4215.
4
Mack, 2019 WL 7342514, at *1.
2
27, 2020. The State contends that Mr. Mack’s sentence is not illegal because: (i) Mr. Mack
served 8 days—from October 11, 2013 to October 17, 2013—on a violation of probation on the
2012 Conviction; and (ii) committed the Aggravated Possession of PCP in a Tier 1 amount
within five years of October 17, 2013.
III. DISCUSSION
An illegal sentence may be corrected by the Court at any time.5 An imposed sentence is
illegal if it is “ambiguous with respect to the time and manner in which it is to be served, is
internally contradictory, omits a term required to be imposed by statute, is uncertain as to the
substance of the sentence, or is a sentence which the judgement of conviction did not
authorize.”6
At issue here is the Court’s application of Section 4751(b)(1). Under Section 4751B(1),
a prior qualifying Title 16 conviction is:
[A]ny prior adult felony conviction for a Title 16 offense where the conviction was
one of former §§ 4751, 4752, or 4753A of this Title, or any other former section of
this Title that was, at the time of conviction, a class C or higher felony; or where
the conviction was one of §§ 4752, 4753, 4754, 4755, or 4756 of this Title . . . if
the new offense occurs within 5 years of the date of conviction for the earlier
offense or the date of termination of all periods of incarceration or confinement
imposed pursuant to the conviction, whichever is the later date.7
“[T]he meaning of a statute must, in the first instance, be sought in the language in which
the act is framed, and if that is plain…the sole function of the courts is to enforce it according to
its terms.”8 If the statutory text is unambiguous, the Court’s role is limited to an application of
the literal meaning of the statute’s words.9
5
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 35(a).
6
Tatem v. State, Del. Supr., 787 A.2d 80, 81 (2001).
7
16 Del. C. § 4751B(1).
8
Friends of H. Fletcher Brown Mansion v. City of Wilmington, 34 A.3d 1055, 1059 (Del. 2011) (quoting Caminetti
v. United States, 242 U.S. 470, 485 (1917)).
9
Dennis v. State, 41 A.3d 391, 393 (Del. 2012).
3
At sentencing, it was represented that Mr. Mack’s 2012 Conviction was a prior qualifying
conviction under Section 4751B(1). The Court, therefore, elevated the Aggravated Possession
of PCP in a Tier 1 amount from a Class F felony to a Class D felony. The undisputed facts are
that Mr. Mack was first released from Level V on the 2012 Conviction on or about August 26,
2013, and subsequently served 8 days at Level V on the 2012 Conviction from October 11, 2013
through October 17, 2013.
The Court does not find the language of Section 4751B(1) to be ambiguous. As such,
the Court does not find Mr. Mack’s sentence to be illegal. The sole reason for the elevation of
Mr. Mack’s sentence for his conviction of Aggravated Possession- Tier 1- PCP from a Class F
felony to a Class D felony was due to the 2012 Conviction. Mr. Mack would like the Court to
use August 26, 2013 as the relevant date, arguing that this was when he was first released from
imprisonment under the 2012 Conviction. However, Section 4751B(1) does not talk in terms of
the “initial” period of incarceration. Instead, Section 4751B(1) plainly provides for “all”
periods of incarceration imposed under the qualifying conviction. The Court imposed a period
incarceration under the 2012 Conviction that terminated on October 17, 2013. Under the
language of the statute, the Court must use October 17, 2013 as the relevant date.
According to the Information by Attorney General, Mr. Mack committed the Aggravated
Possession of PCP in a Tier 1 amount on or about September 26, 2018. The Court finds that
September 26, 2018 falls within five years of October 17, 2013. Accordingly, the Court did not
impose an illegal sentence when it sentenced Mr. Mack on May 7, 2019.
4
IV. CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated above, the Motion for Correction of Illegal Sentence is DENIED.
/s/ Eric M. Davis
Eric M. Davis, Judge
Original to Prothonotary:
cc: Koshaun Mack (SBI#00204530)
Annemarie Puit, Esq., DAG
William Leonard, Esq., DAG
Investigative Services
5