State v. Bowers

IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
STATE OF DELAWARE, )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
)
v. ) Cr. ID. No. 1204010456
)
)
COREY R. BOWERS, )
)
Defendant. )
Submitted: June 10, 2024
Decided: September 13, 2024
COMMISSIONER’S REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION THAT
DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR POSTCONVICTION RELIEF
SHOULD BE SUMMARILY DISMISSED
Jillian Schroeder, Esquire, Deputy Attorney General, Department of Justice,
Wilmington, Delaware, Attorney for the State.
Corey R. Bowers, James T. Vaughn Correctional Center, Smyrna, Delaware, pro se.
SALOMONE, Commissioner
This 13th day of September 2024, upon consideration of Defendant’s Motion
for Postconviction Relief, it appears to the Court as follows:
BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On June 4, 2012, Defendant Corey R. Bowers (“Bowers” or the “Defendant”)
was indicted on the charges of Carjacking First Degree and Robbery First Degree. 1
The charges arose out of an incident that occurred on April 14, 2012 in which
Bowers entered the victim’s car from the passenger side, pointed what appeared to
be a gun at her, grabbed her purse and took her car.
After a four-day trial in January 2013, the jury was unable to reach a
unanimous verdict and the judge declared a mistrial.2 Around the time of trial, the
victim received two letters threatening her safety and the safety of her family if she
testified against Bowers. On April 15, 2013, Bowers was reindicted for (i)
Carjacking First Degree, (ii) Robbery First Degree, (iii) two counts of Aggravated
Act of Intimidation, (iv) two counts of Terroristic Threatening, and (v) two counts
of Misuse of Prisoner Mail, with the new charges being related to the two letters
received by the victim.3 On July 16, 2013, after a second four-day trial, Bowers was
convicted of all charges.4
1
State v. Bowers, Delaware Superior Court Criminal Docket, ID No. 1204010456 at 2 (hereinafter,
“D.I. __”).
2
D.I. 16.
3
D.I. 38, 40.
4
D.I. 50.
1
On September 25, 2013, Bowers was sentenced as follows: (i) twenty-five
years at Level V, suspended after ten years, followed by decreasing levels of
supervision for the Robbery First conviction; (ii) five years at Level V, suspended
after two years with probation to follow for the Carjacking First Degree conviction;
(iii) eight years at Level V, suspended after two years, with probation to follow for
each count of Aggravated Act of Intimidation; and (iv) twelve months at Level V,
suspended immediately for probation for each count of Terroristic Threatening and
Misuse of Prison Mail.5 On October 2, 2013, Bowers filed a direct appeal of his
convictions to the Delaware Supreme Court.6 The Supreme Court affirmed the
convictions on May 16, 2014.7
On June 3, 2014, Bowers filed his first pro se Motion for Postconviction
Relief.8 Postconviction counsel was appointed and filed an Amended Motion for
Postconviction Relief on October 10, 2016 (the “Amended Motion”).9 In the
Amended Motion, Bowers raised three claims of ineffective assistance of counsel,
asserting that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to (i) suppress the victim’s
out-of-court identification and in-court identification of Bowers, (ii) adequately
5
D.I. 51, 55.
6
D.I. 53. From the time of his sentencing to date, Bowers has filed numerous pro se Motions for
Modification of Sentence also styled as “Motions for Extraordinary Circumstances” and/or “4217
Modifications,” each of which were denied by the Court. See D.I. 57, 97, 99, 108, 114, 119, 124,
128, 131, 136, 139 and 144.
7
Bowers v. State, 2014 WL 2094133, at *2 (Del. May 16, 2014).
8
D.I. 67.
9
D.I. 78.
2
conduct a direct examination of the Defendant, and (iii) object to certain expert
testimony.10 The Court found each of these claims to be without merit and denied
the Amended Motion.11 The Defendant filed a direct appeal to the Delaware
Supreme Court of the denial of the Amended Motion on August 30, 2017.12 The
Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the Superior Court on February 15, 2018.13
BOWERS’ SECOND RULE 61 MOTION14
On December 11, 2023, Bowers filed a second pro se Motion for
Postconviction Relief, which he later amended and supplemented by letters filed on
each of March 14, 2024, March 22, 2024 and April 17, 2024 (collectively, the
“Second Rule 61 Motion”).15 In the Second Rule 61 Motion, Bowers raises claims
of ineffective assistance of counsel related to the charges for Aggravated Act of
Intimidation and Terroristic Threatening which were added upon his reindictment.
Bowers claims that the foregoing charges were not “properly processed and regarded
with proper protocol” as he did not have a separate preliminary hearing, arraignment
10
Id. at 15-27.
11
D.I. 87.
12
D.I. 89.
13
Bowers v. State, 180 A.3d 1054 (TABLE), 2018 WL 921641 (Del. Feb. 15, 2018).
14
In each of his letters, dated March 4, 2024 and March 15, 2024, Bowers indicated his willingness
and intent to withdraw his Second Rule 61 Motion if his request for a sentence modification were
granted by the Court. D.I. 138, 140. The Court denied his request for a sentence modification on
June 10, 2024. D.I. 144. The Defendant appealed the Court’s decision of that denial on August
23, 2024. D.I. 145.
15
D.I. 134, 138, 140 and 142.
3
and/or case review with respect to those newly added charges to the indictment. 16
He further claims that the newly filed charges “should have been introduced as
evidence, and not newly contributing charges” and that Rule 61 counsel should have
raised these issues in his Amended Motion.17 Bowers’ requested relief is that his
sentence with respect to the convictions for the two counts of Aggravated Act of
Intimidation be modified from Level V to Level IV time effective immediately.18 If
granted, according to Bowers, he would be immediately released from Level V
incarceration.19
APPLICABLE LAW FOR POSTCONVICTION RELIEF
Rule 61 and Procedural Bars to Relief
Superior Court Criminal Rule 61 (“Rule 61”) governs the procedures by
which an incarcerated individual may seek to have his conviction set aside on the
ground that the court lacked jurisdiction or any other ground that is a sufficient
factual and legal basis for a collateral attack upon the conviction.20 That is, it is a
16
D.I. 140. In his Second Rule 61 Motion, Bowers states “[e]vidently, what happened is, the
original indictment charges, that I was, at the time, on trial for, were basically consolidated and
attached to the newly filed charges (2 counts of Agg.Act/Intimi) basically to strengthen the
prosecutors already in motion trial.” Id.; see also D.I. 134. Contrary to Bowers’ assertion, he was
reindicted on April 15, 2023 at which time the charges for Aggravated Act of Intimidation,
Terroristic Threatening, and Misuse of Prisoner Email were added to the indictment. D.I. 38. He
was arraigned by written pleading with respect to the reindictment on April 23, 2023. D.I. 40.
17
D.I. 134.
18
D.I. 140; see also D.I. 142 (stating “I’M REQUESTING: That the AGG. ACT/INTIMI lvl 5
sentence, be reverted into a 2 yr. lvl 4 sentence.”) (emphasis in original).
19
Bowers asserts that he has already served all his Level V time for his convictions for Robbery
1st and Carjacking 1st.
20
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(a)(1).
4
means by which the court may correct Constitutional infirmities in a conviction or
sentence.21 “Rule 61 is intended to correct errors in the trial process, not allow
defendants unlimited opportunities to relitigate their convictions.”22
Given that intent, before considering the merits of any claims for
postconviction relief, the Court must first determine whether there are any
procedural bars to the postconviction motion.23 Rule 61(i) establishes four
procedural bars to postconviction relief.24 Rule 61(i)(1) prohibits a motion for
postconviction relief from being filed “more than one year after the judgment of
conviction is final or, if it asserts a retroactively applicable right that is newly
recognized after the judgment of conviction is final, more than one year after the
right is first recognized by the Supreme Court of Delaware or by the United States
Supreme Court.”25
Rule 61(i)(2) bars successive motions for postconviction relief unless certain
conditions are met.26 Pursuant to Rule 61(i)(3) and (4), any ground for relief that
was not previously raised is deemed waived, and any claims that were formerly
adjudicated, whether in the proceedings leading to the judgment of conviction, in an
21
Harris v. State, 410 A.2d 500 (Del. 1970).
22
Ploof v. State, 75 A.3d 811, 820 (Del. 2013).
23
Younger v. State, 580 A.2d 552, 554 (Del. 1990).
24
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(1)-(4).
25
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(1).
26
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(2).
5
appeal, in a postconviction proceeding, or in a federal habeas corpus proceeding, are
thereafter barred.27
The foregoing bars to relief do not apply to a claim that the court lacked
jurisdiction or to a claim that satisfies the pleading requirements of Rule 61(d)(2).
Rule 61(d)(2) provides as follows:
A second or subsequent motion under this rule shall be
summarily dismissed, unless the movant was convicted
after a trial and the motion either:
(i) pleads with particularity that new evidence
exists that creates a strong inference that the movant is
actually innocent in fact of the acts underlying the charges
of which he was convicted; or
(ii) pleads with particularity a claim that a new rule
of constitutional law, made retroactive to cases on
collateral review by the United States Supreme Court or
the Delaware Supreme Court, applies to the movant’s case
and renders the conviction or sentence invalid.28
The Delaware Supreme Court recently examined the first prong of Rule
61(d)(2), referred to as the “actual innocence exception,” in Purnell v. State where
the Court explained what constitutes “new” evidence and a “strong inference” of
innocence.
To qualify for an exception to Rule 61’s procedural bars
against untimely, successive motions, [a defendant] must
identify with particularity new evidence that creates a
strong inference that he is actually innocent in fact of the
27
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(3) and (4).
28
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(d)(2).
6
acts underlying the charges. Stated differently, [a
defendant] must present additional evidence that was not
available at trial and would not have been despite his
exercise of due diligence. [The defendant] must also
convince us that the new evidence, when considered in the
context of all the relevant evidence by a properly
instructed jury, is such as will probably change the result
if a new trial were granted.”29
The Court also found that “satisfying the actual innocence test is, by design,
a heavy burden, and such meritorious claims are exceedingly rare.”30
This is Bowers’ Second Rule 61 Motion and it is procedurally barred for a
number of reasons. First, the Second Rule 61 Motion was filed over nine years after
the judgment of conviction became final and should be barred by Rule 61(i)(1) for
being untimely. The Second Rule 61 Motion should also be barred by Rule 61(i)(3)
because Bowers failed to assert any of the instant grounds for relief at trial, on direct
appeal or in his Amended Motion.
Third, while purportedly asserting claims of ineffective assistance of counsel,
the relief Bowers is seeking makes clear that he is merely utilizing his Second Rule
61 Motion as an alternative means to try to have his sentence modified. From the
time immediately after his sentencing to date, Bowers has filed numerous pro se
29
Purnell v. State, 254 A. 3d 1053 (Del. 2021), at 1060.
30
Id. (noting that Purnell was the first defendant to be found eligible for the actual innocence
exception to Rule 61’s procedural bar). In Purnell, the Court found much of the evidence presented
by the defendant to be “new” because trial counsel’s disabling conflict of interest prevented him
from investigating or pursuing several key areas of potentially exonerating evidence and defensive
strategies on behalf of the defendant. No such conflict of interest exists in Bowers’ case.
7
motions for modification of sentence, each of which were repeatedly denied by this
Court.31 Accordingly, his Second Rule 61 Motion is barred pursuant to Rule 61(i)(4)
as having been previously adjudicated by this Court.
Fourth, Bowers has failed to meet the pleading requirements of Rule
61(d)(2)(i) for bringing a successive postconviction motion since he has not
presented any new or additional evidence of actual innocence that was not available
to him at trial or otherwise exonerates him of the crimes for which he was convicted.
Nor has he cited to any new rule of constitutional law made retroactive to cases on
collateral review under Rule 61(d)(2)(ii) or that the Court lacked jurisdiction. As
such, his Second Rule 61 Motion should also be barred under Rule 61(i)(2).
See D.I. 57, 97, 99, 108, 114, 119, 124, 128, 131, 136, 139 and 144. Bowers has styled these
31
motions at times as “motions for extraordinary circumstances” and/or “4217 modifications.”
Regardless of the title, each motion was, in essence, a request to have his sentence modified.
8
CONCLUSION
For all of the foregoing reasons, Bowers postconviction claims are
procedurally barred pursuant to Rule 61(i). As such, his Second Motion for
Postconviction Relief should be SUMMARILY DISMISSED.
IT IS SO RECOMMENDED.
/s/ Janine M. Salomone
The Honorable Janine M. Salomone
cc: The Honorable Meghan A. Adams
Prothonotary
Jillian Schroeder, Esquire, Deputy Attorney General
Corey R. Bowers, pro se. (SBI #338360)
9