Stanley Dickerson v. State

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
FIFTH DISTRICT
NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO
FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND
DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED
STANLEY DICKERSON,
Petitioner,
v. Case No. 5D16-1691
STATE OF FLORIDA,
Respondent.
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Opinion filed October 28, 2016
Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus,
A Case of Original Jurisdiction.
Stanley Dickerson, Cross City, pro se.
Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General,
Tallahassee, and Kristen L. Davenport,
Assistant Attorney General, Daytona
Beach, for Appellee.
LAMBERT, J.,
Presently pending before this court is Stanley Dickerson’s most recent petition for
writ of habeas corpus. Dickerson asserts that during the course of his 2008 trial, in which
he was convicted of second-degree murder, the trial court instructed the jury on the
elements necessary to prove the lesser included offense of manslaughter, utilizing,
without objection, the then-standard manslaughter by intentional act jury instruction. He
notes that the Florida Supreme Court later determined in State v. Montgomery, 39 So. 3d
252 (Fla. 2010), that the subject jury instruction was not only incorrect but that its use
constituted fundamental error where a defendant is thereafter convicted of second-degree
murder, an offense only one step removed from manslaughter. See 39 So. 3d at 259.
Dickerson states that he argued in his direct appeal, albeit unsuccessfully, that the trial
court committed fundamental error in using this jury instruction, 1 and he notes that this
court has subsequently granted habeas corpus relief to similarly convicted defendants,
giving them new trials based on the use of the same flawed manslaughter by intentional
act instruction. See Paul v. State, 183 So. 3d 1154 (Fla. 5th DCA 2015); Beharry v. State,
168 So. 3d 263 (Fla. 5th DCA 2015); Coleman v. State, 128 So. 3d 193 (Fla. 5th DCA
2013). As such, Dickerson contends that he, too, is entitled to a new trial and that it would
be “manifestly unjust” if his case and the instant petition were treated any differently.
Dickerson is correct that an appellate court has the authority to correct a “manifest
injustice” by way of habeas corpus proceedings. Harris v. State, 12 So. 3d 764, 765 (Fla.
3d DCA 2008) (citing Adams v. State, 957 So. 2d 1183 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006)). However,
Dickerson is not summarily entitled to relief based on our other opinions. Inconsistent
decisions in separate, unrelated cases do not automatically constitute disparate treatment
requiring the granting of habeas corpus relief. Id. (citation omitted).
The evidence at Dickerson’s trial established that Dickerson stabbed the victim
four times in the torso. The testimony from the medical examiner was that the injuries
independently resulting from any one of three of the stab wounds would have been fatal.
Dickerson did not dispute that he stabbed the victim multiple times and testified at trial
that the victim did not have a weapon. Nevertheless, Dickerson argued at trial that he
1 Dickerson’s direct appeal was affirmed by this court without opinion. Dickerson
v. State, 50 So. 3d 616 (Fla. 5th DCA 2010).
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acted in self-defense and that his use of deadly force was necessary to prevent his own
imminent death or great bodily harm.
In Brown v. State, 197 So. 3d 69 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016), the Second District Court of
Appeal addressed a similar issue. In Brown, the victim was killed by a gunshot wound to
his torso. 197 So. 3d at 70. Brown testified and argued at trial that he acted in self-
defense. Id. Nevertheless, Brown was convicted of second-degree murder and his direct
appeal was affirmed. Id. at 69–70; Brown v. State, 82 So. 3d 1165 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012).
Brown later filed a petition alleging ineffective assistance of his appellate counsel for
failing to challenge, as fundamental error, the trial court’s use of the flawed manslaughter
by intentional act jury instruction identified in Montgomery. In denying Brown’s petition,
the Second District wrote, in pertinent part:
“Claims of self defense and defense of another involve ‘an admission
and avoidance’.” Keyes v. State, 804 So. 2d 373, 375 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001)
(quoting Williams v. State, 588 So. 2d 44, 45 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991)). By
arguing without qualification that he . . . acted in self-defense, Mr. Brown
necessarily conceded that [he] intentionally caused the victim's death. “[A]
defective instruction in a criminal case can only constitute fundamental error
if the error pertains to a material element that is disputed at trial.” Daniels v.
State, 121 So. 3d 409, 418 (Fla. 2013). Thus, the manslaughter by act
instruction that the supreme court held to be erroneous in State v.
Montgomery, 39 So. 3d 252 (Fla. 2010), was not fundamental error in Mr.
Brown's case because it did not prevent the jury from considering whether
the evidence fit the elements of manslaughter.
Brown, 197 So. 3d at 70 (alteration in original) (citations omitted).
We agree with the Second District’s analysis, and we conclude that Dickerson is
not entitled to habeas corpus relief. Based on the facts and arguments presented at
Dickerson’s trial, the use, without objection, of the flawed manslaughter by intentional act
jury instruction at Dickerson’s trial did not constitute fundamental error.
PETITION FOR WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS DENIED.
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EVANDER and EDWARDS, JJ., concur.
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