Somasca v. Somasca

NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING
MOTION AND, IF FILED, DETERMINED
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
OF FLORIDA
SECOND DISTRICT
MICHELLE SOMASCA, )
)
Appellant, )
)
v. ) Case No. 2D14-2822
)
ROBERT SOMASCA, )
)
Appellee. )
)
Opinion filed July 31, 2015.
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Lee
County; John S. Carlin, Judge.
P. Brandon Perkins and Kristen D. Perkins
of Rogers Towers P.A., Fort Myers; and
Brett C. Powell and Alexander Brockmeyer
of The Powell Law Firm, P.A., Fort Myers,
for Appellant.
Katheryn E. Smith Calvo of Calvo &
Calvo, Fort Myers, for Appellee.
WALLACE, Judge.
Michelle Somasca (the Wife) appeals the final judgment that dissolved her
marriage to Robert Somasca (the Husband). The Wife raises three issues. First, she
challenges the trial court's failure to treat as a marital asset the reduction in the amount
of the mortgage on the Husband's nonmarital property that was paid with marital funds.
Second, the Wife argues that the trial court erred in failing to find that the Husband
made a gift to her of one-half of the proceeds of the sale of his nonmarital property
when he deposited the funds into a joint account for a brief period. Third, the Wife
contends that the trial court erred in treating the income tax obligation attributable to the
conversion of the Husband's nonmarital conventional IRA into a Roth IRA as a marital
liability rather than as the Husband's nonmarital obligation. There is no cross-appeal.
We find merit in the Wife's first argument. The Wife's second and third arguments are
without merit and do not warrant further discussion. We affirm in part and reverse in
part.
I. THE FACTS
The parties were married in September 2007. They had no children. The
parties separated in April 2012, and the Husband filed a petition for dissolution of
marriage on September 7, 2012. At the time of the final hearing, the Husband was
sixty-nine years old and had retired. The Wife was forty-seven; she was employed part
time as a merchandiser for a greeting card company.
The only contested issues before the trial court related to the equitable
distribution of a building located in Queens, New York, referred to as the "Queens
building," the Husband's Roth IRA, and some other retirement funds. We need only
address the Wife's argument concerning the trial court's treatment of the reduction in
the mortgage indebtedness on the Queens building.
II. DISCUSSION
The Husband purchased the Queens building in 1998. This building had
two residential apartments and a commercial space. The Queens building remained
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titled in the Husband's name alone throughout the marriage. The Husband testified that
the value of the Queens building at the time of the parties' marriage in 2007 was
$900,000. Shortly before the parties separated, the Husband sold the Queens building
for $680,000. The Wife did not challenge the adequacy of the sales price, and she did
not present any evidence concerning the value of the building. Based on the evidence
presented, the trial court found that the Queens building did not appreciate in value
during the term of the marriage.
The Queens building was subject to a mortgage. During the marriage, the
mortgage indebtedness was reduced by the amount of $23,651.16. It was undisputed
that the payments on the mortgage were made from marital funds. Based on these
facts, the Wife contended that she was entitled to an equitable distribution in the amount
of the reduction in the mortgage indebtedness on the Husband's nonmarital property
that had been made from marital funds. The trial court rejected the Wife's claim. The
trial court reasoned that since there was no appreciation in the value of the Queens
building during the term of the marriage, the amount of the reduction in the mortgage
indebtedness during the marriage paid from marital funds "becomes moot and [is] no[t]
compensable" to the Wife.
On appeal, the Wife argues that the use of marital funds to pay down the
mortgage on the Queens building—the Husband's nonmarital asset—renders the
enhancement in the value of the property a marital asset that is subject to equitable
distribution. See § 61.075(6)(a)(1)(b), Fla. Stat. (2012) ("As used in this section: 'Marital
assets and liabilities' include: [t]he enhancement in value and appreciation of nonmarital
assets resulting either from the efforts of either party during the marriage or from the
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contribution to or expenditure thereon of marital funds or other forms of marital assets,
or both."); Mitchell v. Mitchell, 841 So. 2d 564, 567 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003); Cornette v.
Cornette, 704 So. 2d 667, 668 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997); Straley v. Frank, 612 So. 2d 610,
612 (Fla. 2d DCA 1992); Ballard v. Ballard, 158 So. 3d 641, 643 (Fla. 1st DCA 2014);
Cole v. Roberts, 661 So. 2d 370, 372 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995).
In response, the Husband argues that the evidence showed that the value
of the Queens building had decreased during the marriage instead of appreciating.
Therefore, even though the use of nonmarital assets to make the mortgage payments
reduced the amount of the mortgage indebtedness, there was—in the aggregate—no
appreciation in the value of the property. The Husband claims that in the absence of
any evidence of appreciation in the value of the property, the Wife had no claim to a
credit for one-half of the amount of the reduction in the mortgage that encumbered the
property. The Husband's argument is not supported either by section 61.075 or this
court's precedent, and we reject it.
In Dwyer v. Dwyer, 981 So. 2d 1254, 1256 (Fla. 2d DCA 2008), the
husband owned a commercial building that was his nonmarital asset. The building was
subject to a mortgage. Id. Shortly after the parties' marriage, the husband proposed to
satisfy the mortgage on his commercial building by refinancing the marital home. Id.
The wife agreed to refinance the marital home by taking out a mortgage in her own
name. Id. The parties used a portion of the proceeds of the refinancing—$112,000—to
pay the mortgage on the husband's nonmarital building. Id.
During the proceedings to dissolve the parties' marriage in Dwyer, the wife
asked for a credit of $56,000, one-half of the amount of the marital funds that had been
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used to pay the mortgage on the husband's building. Id. The trial court characterized
the wife's contribution as a gift and rejected her claim, noting "that there was no
competent evidence as to whether the payoff of the mortgage enhanced that asset's
value." Id. The trial court's finding in Dwyer concerning the lack of proof of an increase
in the commercial building's value is similar to the trial court's finding in this case that
the Queens building had depreciated in value instead of appreciating.
On appeal in Dwyer, this court agreed with the wife's argument and
reversed the trial court's determination that the wife was not entitled to half of the
amount of marital funds used to pay down the mortgage, reasoning as follows:
[W]e conclude that the equitable distribution must be
reversed because the trial court did not properly account for
the fact that marital funds were used to pay off the mortgage
on the Husband's nonmarital, commercial property. In
Cornette v. Cornette, 704 So. 2d 667, 668 (Fla. 2d DCA
1997), this court held that "[t]he marital funds used to pay
down the mortgage on the property, however, enhanced the
value of the nonmarital asset; thus, the resulting equity in the
property is a marital asset subject to equitable distribution."
See also Perrin v. Perrin, 795 So. 2d 1023, 1024 (Fla. 2d
DCA 2001) (quoting Cornette).
....
The payoff of the mortgage on the Husband's
nonmarital, commercial property with marital funds obtained
by refinancing the marital home enhanced the equity value
of the property. As such, the trial court erred by not
accounting for the increased equity as a marital asset
subject to equitable distribution. Therefore, we reverse and
remand for the trial court to reconsider the equitable
distribution scheme after taking into account the
enhancement of the Husband's property through the use of
marital funds.
Id. at 1256-57 (emphasis added).
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Here, as in Dwyer, the pay down on the mortgage on the Queens building
enhanced the equity value of the Husband's nonmarital asset. The Husband's
argument to the contrary seems to proceed from a confusion of the concept of the
appreciation in the overall value of an asset with an enhancement in its equity value.
Granted, the Queens building did not appreciate in value during the term of the parties'
marriage, but the use of marital funds to pay down the mortgage obviously caused an
enhancement in the value of the Husband's equity in the property. Absent the reduction
in the amount of the mortgage indebtedness through the payment of marital assets, the
net proceeds that the Husband realized from the sale of the Queens building would
have been reduced by an amount equal to the pay down of the debt. It follows that the
resulting increase in the equity value of the Queens building was a marital asset subject
to equitable distribution.
The trial court relied on the Florida Supreme Court's decision in Kaaa v.
Kaaa, 58 So. 3d 867 (Fla. 2010), in support of its theory that the Wife was not entitled to
a credit for the pay down on the mortgage because there was no proof of any
appreciation in the value of the Queens building during the term of the marriage. This
reliance was misplaced. In Kaaa, the supreme court addressed a question involving
passive, market-driven appreciation in a nonmarital asset, not the payoff of or a
reduction in the amount of a mortgage on the property.1 As the First District has
1The supreme court framed the question before it in Kaaa as follows:
"When a marital home constitutes nonmarital real property, but is encumbered by a
mortgage that marital funds service, is the value of the passive, market-driven
appreciation of the property that accrues during the course of the marriage deemed a
marital asset subject to equitable distribution under section 61.075(5)(a)(2), Florida
Statutes (2007)." 58 So. 3d at 869. As the court noted, the legislature amended section
61.075 in 2008 to create a new subsection (5). The language that previously appeared
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previously observed, the court's decision in Kaaa did not affect the general rule that
"[w]hen marital assets are used during the marriage to reduce the mortgage on non-
marital property, the increase in equity is a marital asset subject to equitable
distribution." Ballard, 158 So. 3d at 643.
III. CONCLUSION
In fairness, we note that the First District's decision in Ballard was not
released until after the trial court heard and decided this case. However, the trial court
erred in failing to give the Wife a credit for one-half of the amount by which the use of
marital funds to pay down the mortgage reduced the indebtedness on the Queens
building during the marriage. For this reason, we reverse the equitable distribution and
remand for the trial court to enter an amended final judgment making an appropriate
correction to the equitable distribution between the parties. In all other respects, the
final judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded.
CASANUEVA and SALARIO, JJ., Concur.
in section 61.075(5)(a)(2) now appears—without substantial change—in section
61.075(6)(a)(1)(b). Kaaa, 58 So. 3d at 870 n.2.
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