Rodriguez v. State

NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING
MOTION AND, IF FILED, DETERMINED
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
OF FLORIDA
SECOND DISTRICT
PEDRO LUIS RODRIGUEZ, )
)
Appellant, )
)
v. ) Case No. 2D16-271
)
STATE OF FLORIDA, )
)
Appellee. )
________________________________ )
Opinion filed December 6, 2017.
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Hendry
County; James D. Sloan, Judge.
Howard L. Dimmig, II, Public Defender,
and Megan Olson, Assistant Public
Defender, Bartow, for Appellant.
Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General,
Tallahassee, and Helene S. Parnes,
Assistant Attorney General, Tampa,
for Appellee.
NORTHCUTT, Judge.
A jury convicted Pedro Luis Rodriguez of dealing in stolen property
(organizing). However, the trial court should have granted Rodriguez's motion for
judgment of acquittal because the State failed to prove an element of that crime.
The State charged Rodriguez with dealing in stolen property in violation of
section 812.019(2), Florida Statutes (2014).1 The charge stemmed from a controlled
sale of stolen herbicide. Months previously, a local farmer had discovered that an
employee was stealing fuel. The farmer agreed not to press charges if the employee
repaid the cost of the fuel and cooperated with a Hendry County Sheriff's Office
agricultural investigator, Detective White. The employee agreed to give Detective White
the names of anyone attempting to purchase "discount" farm supplies. Rodriguez
eventually propositioned the employee, and Detective White planned a controlled sale.
On the day of the controlled sale, Detective White provided three two-and-
a-half-gallon containers of GlyStar Plus herbicide to the employee. Hidden camera
footage showed Rodriguez meeting with the employee, transferring the herbicide from
the employee's truck into his own, and briefly discussing prospective deals.
At the close of the State's case at trial, Rodriguez moved for a judgment of
acquittal, arguing in part that the State failed to present evidence that Rodriguez
trafficked in the herbicide. The trial court denied the motion, finding that the State had
presented a prima facie case. The jury found Rodriguez guilty, and the trial court
sentenced him to sixty days in county jail followed by thirty-six months' probation.
In order to prove Rodriguez guilty of dealing in stolen property (organizing)
the State had to show (1) that he initiated, organized, planned, financed, directed,
managed, or supervised a theft of the herbicide and (2) that he trafficked in the
herbicide. § 812.019(2). "Traffic" means "[t]o sell, transfer, distribute, dispense, or
otherwise dispose of property" or "[t]o buy, receive, possess, obtain control of, or use
1
The State also charged Rodriguez with grand theft in violation of section
812.014, Florida Statutes (2014), but nolle prossed the charge at the beginning of trial.
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property with the intent to sell, transfer, distribute, dispense, or otherwise dispose of
such property." § 812.012(8)(a)-(b). During closing argument, the State posited that
Rodriguez "made a phone call initiating the chain of events; the getting of that herbicide;
and that then the defendant purchased that with the intent to use it. You heard about
his farm, his equipment and he was using it." (Emphasis added.) On appeal, the State
acknowledges that although there was no evidence that Rodriguez sold the herbicide to
another person, Rodriguez trafficked by using the herbicide for a commercial farming
project and thereby placing it "into the stream of commerce." State v. Nesta, 617 So. 2d
720, 721 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993) (holding that the sale of stolen jewelry to pawn broker
constituted dealing in stolen property notwithstanding defendant's argument that he
stole the jewelry for personal use and did not intend to place it into the stream of
commerce). We disagree.
If Rodriguez organized the theft with the actual intent to use the herbicide
on his own farm, his "intent to personally put the stolen items to their normal use of
consumption, constitutes only the crime of theft and not the crime of dealing in stolen
property." Williams v. State, 590 So. 2d 515, 516 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991). The gravamen
of section 812.019 is the prohibition against knowingly transferring stolen property to
another. "The dealing in stolen property 'statute was not designed to punish persons
who steal for personal use. Rather it was designed to dismantle the criminal network of
thieves and fences who knowingly redistribute stolen property.' " Blackmon v. State,
121 So. 3d 535, 542 (Fla. 2013) (emphasis added) (quoting State v. Camp, 596 So. 2d
1055, 1057 (Fla. 1992)).
The State has not submitted any case law supporting its proposition that a
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defendant traffics in stolen goods by using them in an enterprise and later selling the
product of that enterprise. Certainly, one who steals electricity with the intent to
illuminate his marijuana grow house does not traffic in stolen electricity when he later
sells cannabis grown under an illicitly powered sun lamp. We decline to expand the
meaning of the trafficking statute through the artifice of the State's "stream of
commerce" theory; in fact, we are forbidden to do so. § 775.021(1), Fla. Stat. (2014)
(directing that provisions of the Florida Criminal Code "shall be strictly construed").
At most, the evidence in this case indicated that Rodriguez put the stolen
herbicide to the "normal use of consumption,"—i.e. controlling weeds on his farm.
Williams, 590 So. 2d at 516. Because the State failed to prove a prima facie case of
dealing in stolen property, we reverse Rodriguez's conviction and vacate his sentence.
Judgment reversed; sentence vacated.
KELLY and CRENSHAW, JJ., Concur.
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