Armen J. Pilafjian v. State

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
FIFTH DISTRICT
NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO
FILE MOTION FOR REHEARING AND
DISPOSITION THEREOF IF FILED
ARMEN J. PILAFJIAN,
Appellant,
v. Case No. 5D15-4057
STATE OF FLORIDA,
Appellee.
________________________________/
Opinion filed February 10, 2017
Appeal from the Circuit Court
for St. Johns County,
J. Michael Traynor, Judge.
James S. Purdy, Public Defender, and
Kevin R. Holtz, Assistant Public Defender,
Daytona Beach, for Appellant.
Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General,
Tallahassee, and Marjorie Vincent-Tripp,
Assistant Attorney General, Daytona
Beach, for Appellee.
PER CURIAM.
Armen Pilafjian appeals following his conviction for burglary of an occupied
dwelling. 1 Pilafjian correctly asserts that the trial court erred in denying a requested jury
instruction. We therefore reverse.
1
Pilafjian was also convicted of battery and violating a pretrial release condition.
However, he does not challenge those convictions, and we affirm as to those two charges.
Pilafjian was previously arrested on allegations of domestic violence against his
former girlfriend Anne Minetti. As a condition of his release, he signed a “domestic
violence pretrial release no contact order.” Despite the no contact order, Pilafjian located
Minetti at the residence of Cary Sparks and went there to confront her. Pilafjian entered
Sparks’s residence, without invitation and without knocking, and grabbed Minetti by the
arm. Although the circumstances would seem to indicate an unwelcome entry, Sparks
testified at trial that it was “fine” for Pilafjian to be in the residence on the day in question,
and that other than Pilafjian’s encounter with Minetti that day, Pilafjian “was always
welcomed at [his] house.” Sparks also testified that when Pilafjian started to argue with
Minetti, he asked Pilafjian to leave, but Pilafjian refused. Sparks further testified that
Pilafjian threatened Minetti and stated that “if he had to come back and get her that he
would kill her.”
Pilafjian does not dispute that he battered Minetti or that he violated the no contact
order. Pilafjian argues instead that he cannot be convicted of burglary because he had
permission to be at Sparks’s residence on the day in question. He contends that the trial
court erred in failing to give a requested jury instruction on the issue of licensed or invited
entry, which he sought to establish as an affirmative defense to the burglary charge. 2 We
review the failure to give a jury instruction for an abuse of discretion, although that
discretion is limited in criminal cases. See Wagers v. State, 199 So. 3d 1116, 1117 (Fla.
5th DCA 2016).
2Because we find the issue of licensed or invited entry dispositive, we decline to
address Pilafjian’s alternative contention that the trial court erred in failing to instruct the
jury under a theory of “remaining in.” See § 810.02(1)(b), Fla. Stat. (2015); In re Standard
Jury Instructions in Criminal Cases-Report No. 2014-08, 176 So. 3d 938, 945–46 (Fla.
2015).
2
Burglary is defined as entering a dwelling, structure, or conveyance with the intent
to commit an offense “unless the premises are at the time open to the public or the
defendant is licensed or invited to enter.” See § 810.02(1)(b), Fla. Stat. (2015). Licensed
or invited entry into the dwelling or structure is an affirmative defense to a burglary charge.
See State v. Hicks, 421 So. 2d 510, 510–11 (Fla. 1982); see also § 810.015, Fla. Stat.
(2015). If a defendant meets his burden of production, he or she is entitled to have the
jury instructed on the affirmative defense. See Fla. Std. Jury Instr. (Crim.) 13.1; In re
Standard Jury Instructions in Criminal Cases-Report No. 2014-08, 176 So. 3d 938, 945–
46 (Fla. 2015). The instruction requires the jury, in order to convict a defendant of
burglary, to find that the defendant was not invited or licensed to enter the premises. See
Fla. Std. Jury Instr. (Crim.) 13.1; In re Standard Jury Instructions, 176 So. 3d at 945–46.
To establish license or invitation, a defendant may demonstrate that “(1) the
premises were open to the public, (2) the defendant was a licensee, or (3) the defendant
was an invitee.” Delgado v. State, 776 So. 2d 233, 236 (Fla. 2000). As long as there is
any evidence on the issue of consensual entry, upon request, the trial court must instruct
the jury accordingly. Cf. Bryant v. State, 102 So. 3d 704, 707 (Fla. 1st DCA 2012) (noting
that if there is any evidence of invited or licensed entry presented, defendant is entitled
to have the jury instructed on the defense, and “matters of weight and credibility are solely
for the jury, not the judge”); see also Valls v. State, 159 So. 3d 234, 238 (Fla. 3d DCA
2015).
Sparks’s testimony provided sufficient evidence to warrant the requested jury
instruction on the issue of license or invitation to enter the premises. He testified that it
was “fine” for Pilafjian to be in his residence and that Pilafjian was “always welcomed” at
3
his house. Because there was some evidence supporting the affirmative defense, the
question of whether Pilafjian was licensed or invited to enter Sparks’s residence was a
jury question. Cf. Bryant, 102 So. 3d at 705, 707. Thus, the trial court abused its discretion
in denying the requested instruction on the affirmative defense. 3
We therefore vacate Pilafjian’s conviction for burglary and remand for a new trial.
We affirm Pilafjian’s convictions for the misdemeanor charges of battery and violation of
a pretrial release condition.
AFFIRMED IN PART; VACATED IN PART; and REMANDED.
COHEN, C.J., PALMER and WALLIS, JJ., concur.
3 Pilafjian also asserts that the trial court erred in denying his motion for judgment
of acquittal. However, conflicting evidence was presented at trial, and the State presented
evidence on each element of the burglary charge. There was sufficient evidence from
which the jury could conclude that a conviction for burglary was warranted; thus, the
motion for judgment of acquittal was properly denied. Cf. Jones v. State, 790 So. 2d 1194,
1198 (Fla. 1st DCA 2001) (finding trial court properly denied motion for judgment of
acquittal because although some evidence supported inference that defendant had
consent to enter residence, victim’s testimony that she did not invite defendant to
residence was sufficient to rebut that defense to burglary).
4