Andrako Bradley v. State

DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
FOURTH DISTRICT
ANDRAKO BRADLEY,
Appellant,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA,
Appellee.
No. 4D12-2541
[January 28, 2015]
Appeal from the Circuit Court for the Seventeenth Judicial Circuit,
Broward County; Geoffrey D. Cohen, Judge; L.T. Case No. 10-20267
CF10A.
Carey Haughwout, Public Defender, and Tatjana Ostapoff, Assistant
Public Defender, West Palm Beach, for appellant.
Pamela Jo Bondi, Attorney General, Tallahassee, and Richard
Valuntas, Assistant Attorney General, West Palm Beach, for appellee.
ON REMAND FROM THE FLORIDA SUPREME COURT
WARNER, J.
Appellant, Andrako Bradley, appeals his sentence to five years in prison
following his no contest plea. Because the trial court failed to make written
findings that a nonstate prison sanction could present a danger to the
public, pursuant to section 775.082(10), Florida Statutes (2010), we
reverse and remand for resentencing.
The state charged appellant with felony battery in violation of section
784.03(2). It alleged the commission of a battery by appellant together
with the commission of a previous battery by him 2005. Felony battery is
a third degree felony, punishable by up to five years in prison. See §
775.082(3)(d), Fla. Stat. (2010). Appellant entered a plea, and was
adjudicated guilty and sentenced to three years of probation.
Subsequently, in 2011, appellant violated probation. Following a hearing,
the court revoked appellant’s probation and immediately sentenced
appellant to five years in prison. It is undisputed that appellant’s criminal
scoresheet at the time of sentencing, including the violation of probation,
totaled 12.8 points. After sentencing, appellant filed a motion to correct
an illegal sentence pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure
3.800(b)(2), arguing that his sentence violated section 775.082(10), which
requires the court to sentence an offender to a nonstate prison sentence
when the offender has not committed a forcible felony and whose
sentencing points are 22 or fewer. The trial court did not rule on this issue
within the time permitted by the rule, thus requiring us to review the issue
through this appeal. See Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.800(b)(1)(B). We review the
legality of appellant’s sentence de novo. Flowers v. State, 899 So. 2d 1257,
1259 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005).
Section 775.082(10) sets forth the following rule regarding sentencing
for offenders scoring less than 22 points:
If a defendant is sentenced for an offense committed on or
after July 1, 2009, which is a third degree felony but not a
forcible felony as defined in s. 776.08, and excluding any third
degree felony violation under chapter 810, and if the total
sentence points pursuant to s. 921.0024 are 22 points or
fewer, the court must sentence the offender to a nonstate
prison sanction. However, if the court makes written findings
that a nonstate prison sanction could present a danger to the
public, the court may sentence the offender to a state
correctional facility pursuant to this section.
The list of “forcible felonies” in section 776.08, Florida Statutes (2010),
does not specifically include battery. However, a catch-all provision covers
“any other felony which involves the use or threat of physical force or
violence against any individual.”
Felony battery under section 784.03(2) requires that the state prove the
elements of battery, which occurs when a person:
1. Actually and intentionally touches or strikes another
person against the will of the other; or
2. Intentionally causes bodily harm to another person.
§ 784.03(1)(a), Fla. Stat. (2010). In addition, the state must prove that the
defendant has a prior conviction for battery, aggravated battery, or felony
battery. Id.
At issue is whether felony battery constitutes a forcible felony within
the meaning of the statute. The supreme court addressed what was a
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forcible felony under an identical catch-all provision in section 776.08 in
State v. Hearns, 961 So. 2d 211, 213-14 (Fla. 2007). In Hearns, the
defendant was convicted of battery on a law enforcement officer (“BOLEO”).
The state sought an enhanced sentence under the violent career criminal
statute, which requires conviction of a forcible felony as defined by section
776.08, which “does not specifically list BOLEO, or even battery, as a
qualifying offense.” Id. at 214.
Citing Perkins v. State, 576 So. 2d 1310 (Fla. 1991), the Hearns court
held that “for an offense to be a forcible felony under section 776.08, the
‘use or threat of physical force or violence’ must be a necessary element of
the crime.” Id. at 215. “If an offense may be committed without the use
or threat of physical force or violence, then it is not a forcible felony.” Id.
See also Perkins, 576 So. 2d at 1313 (quoting § 776.08, Fla. Stat. (1987))
(“The statute does not say that a forcible felony is any felony that ‘may
sometimes’ involve violence, or even a felony that ‘frequently does’ involve
violence. Rather, the statute requires that the felony actually ‘involves the
use or threat of physical force or violence against any individual[.]’”).
Applying Hearns to this case, the felony battery alleged was based
specifically and exclusively on appellant’s previous battery conviction,
rather than on causing great bodily harm, permanent injury, or permanent
disfigurement. Therefore, the only elements the state had to prove were:
1) that appellant committed a battery, and 2) that appellant was previously
convicted of a battery. Because the crime requires only the commission of
a battery, it does not involve a forcible felony, because otherwise “any
intentional touching, no matter how slight, is sufficient to constitute a
simple battery.” Hearns, 961 So. 2d at 218-19. Battery does not require
as an element physical force or violence against an individual. That felony
battery, as charged against appellant, may sometimes or even frequently
involve the use or threat of physical violence is insufficient to categorize
felony battery under section 784.03(2) as a forcible felony.
The conclusion that appellant was not convicted of a forcible felony and
scored fewer than 22 points implicates the sentencing restriction in section
775.082(10). The statute requires the court to impose a nonstate prison
sanction unless it makes written findings that such a sentence poses a
danger to the public. In Bryant v. State, 148 So. 3d 1251 (Fla. 2014), the
court held that under section 775.082(1)), Florida Statutes, a sentence in
excess of a nonstate prison sentence constitutes an upward departure
sentence. The court applied Pope v. State, 561 So. 2d 554 (Fla. 1990),
which held: “when an appellate court reverses a departure sentence
because there were no written reasons, the court must remand for
resentencing with no possibility of departure from the guidelines.” Id. at
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556. Here, the court provided no written reasons showing that a nonstate
prison sentence poses a danger to the public. Therefore, we reverse and
remand for the trial court to resentence appellant to a nonstate prison
sentence, consistent with section 775.082(10) and Bryant.
Reversed and remanded for resentencing.
CIKLIN and LEVINE, JJ., concur.
* * *
Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.
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