DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
FOURTH DISTRICT
July Term 2014
DFC TAMARAC, INC., d/b/a TAMARAC PRESCHOOL ACADEMY,
and JOGE INVESTMENTS, INC.,
Appellants,
v.
FATOU N. JACKSON, a minor, by and through her mother and
guardian, COUMBA JACKSON, individually,
Appellees.
No. 4D12-3065
[November 12, 2014]
Appeal from the Circuit Court for the Seventeenth Judicial Circuit,
Broward County; John J. Murphy, III, Judge; L.T. Case No. 08-43433
CACE.
Pamela A. Chamberlin of Mitrani, Rynor, Adamsky & Toland, P.A.,
Miami Beach, and Elana B. Goodman of Mitrani, Rynor, Adamsky &
Toland, P.A., Weston, for appellants.
Samuel Yeboah of Yeboah Law Offices P.A., Fort Lauderdale, for
appellees.
KLINGENSMITH, J.
DFC Tamarac, Inc., d/b/a Tamarac Preschool Academy (“appellant”)
appeals the final order of the trial court denying its motion for attorney’s
fees and costs pursuant to section 57.041, Florida Statutes (2012), and
section 768.79, Florida Statutes (2012). In the trial court’s view,
appellant’s proposal for settlement was ambiguous as to the identity of
the offeree because it did not apportion amounts offered to be paid for
the child’s claim as opposed to the mother’s separate claim. We find no
ambiguity in the identification of the offeree, and reverse.
This case arose after Fatou N. Jackson (“appellee”) was injured while
playing on the playground at Tamarac Preschool Academy. Appellee, a
minor at the time of the injury, filed a claim with her mother, Coumba
Jackson (“the mother”), acting as guardian. The complaint described a
single plaintiff, as follows “Plaintiff, FATOU N. JACKSON, a minor, by
and through her mother and guardian, COUMBA JACKSON,
individually.” Each count in the initial complaint listed appellee as the
one who suffered the consequences of appellant’s alleged negligence, and
for each count it was appellee that requested relief. The mother did not
make any separate requests for relief, and the complaint confirms she
merely appeared as guardian for appellee, not as a separate plaintiff.
While the case was pending, appellant served a proposal for
settlement on appellee pursuant to section 768.79, Florida Statutes
(2012), and Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.442 (“rule 1.442”). The
proposal tracked the same language used by appellee in the complaint
and stated that the offer was being made to “Plaintiff, FATOU N.
JACKSON, a minor, by and through her mother and guardian, COUMBA
JACKSON, individually.” Appellee did not accept appellant’s offer of
settlement, and after the trial, the jury returned a verdict in favor of
appellant. When appellant requested its fees pursuant to the proposal
for settlement, the court found the proposal to be ambiguous and denied
the motion. This appeal followed.
Appellant asserts that the trial court erred by holding that the identity
of the offeree of its settlement proposal was ambiguous because
according to the complaint, the causes of action set forth, and the
request for damages solely on behalf of the minor, there was for all
practical purposes only one plaintiff; namely, appellee. Since appellee
was the sole plaintiff in this case, with the mother acting only as her
guardian, appellant argues that there was no ambiguity as to the offeree,
and therefore it was not required to apportion its settlement offer
between appellee and the mother. We agree.
Where a defendant’s settlement offer is rejected and the judgment
obtained by the plaintiff is “at least 25 percent less than the amount of
the offer, the defendant shall be awarded reasonable costs, including . . .
attorney’s fees . . . incurred from the date the offer was served.”
§ 768.79(6)(a), Fla. Stat. (2012) (emphasis added). Thus, in such
situations, a trial court does not have the discretion to refuse to award
attorney’s fees under section 768.79. See id.
In order for the offer to be valid, it must: “(a) Be in writing and state
that it is being made pursuant to [section 768.79]. (b) Name the party
making it and the party to whom it is being made. (c) State with
particularity the amount offered to settle a claim for punitive damages, if
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any. [And] (d) [s]tate its total amount.” § 768.79(2)(a)–(d), Fla. Stat.
(2012). Additionally, rule 1.442 states that:
(1) A proposal shall be in writing and shall identify the
applicable Florida law under which it is being made.
(2) A proposal shall:
(A) name the party or parties making the proposal and
the party or parties to whom the proposal is being made;
(B) state that the proposal resolves all damages that
would otherwise be awarded in a final judgment in the
action in which the proposal is served, subject to
subdivision (F);
(C) state with particularity any relevant conditions;
(D) state the total amount of the proposal and state
with particularity all nonmonetary terms of the proposal;
(E) state with particularity the amount proposed to
settle a claim for punitive damages, if any;
(F) state whether the proposal includes attorneys' fees
and whether attorneys' fees are part of the legal claim;
and
(G) include a certificate of service in the form required
by rule 1.080.
Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.442(c)(1)–(2).
This court has held that, “pursuant to [section 768.79], once an offer
of judgment has been made and rejected and a judgment of no liability
has been entered, the defendant has a right to an award of attorney’s
fees unless the offer was found to have been made in bad faith.” Fla. Gas
Transmission Co. v. Lauderdale Sand & Fill, Inc., 813 So. 2d 1013, 1014
(Fla. 4th DCA 2002). Further, “a no liability judgment activates the offer
of judgment statute because ‘a verdict awarding . . . nothing is certainly
25 percent less than the offer.’” Id. (quoting Winn Dixie Stores, Inc., v.
Elbert, 590 So. 2d 15, 16 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991)).
It is clear from the record that appellant satisfied the requirements for
offering a settlement proposal set forth in section 768.79 and rule 1.442,
and that appellee rejected the proposal. It is also clear that that the jury
found no liability on appellant’s part, and that such verdicts trigger
section 768.79. See id. at 1014.
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The record further reflects that the trial court denied appellant’s
request for attorney’s fees pursuant to section 768.79 because of
ambiguity as to whether appellee or the mother was the offeree, and for
failure to apportion the amount of the settlement between them. The
trial court based this alleged ambiguity upon its belief that there were
two plaintiffs in the underlying action. It is true that there was some
confusion throughout the case as to whether or not appellee was the sole
plaintiff with the mother as guardian, or whether appellee and the
mother were both plaintiffs. However, it is clear from the complaint that
it was the former.
Appellant used the exact same language from the complaint in the
proposal for settlement. As such, the proposal of settlement was not
ambiguous in its offer of settlement to appellee, and appellant was not
required to apportion the settlement offer between appellee and the
mother. The trial court erred in denying appellant’s motion for attorney’s
fees, and we reverse the trial court’s decision and remand with
instructions to award appropriate attorney’s fees to appellant. We affirm
the court’s denial of fees to appellant’s co-defendant Joge Investments,
Inc. because it was not a party to the proposal for settlement, and thus
was not entitled to request attorney’s fees pursuant to section 768.79
and rule 1.442. § 768.79(2)(b), Fla. Stat. (2012); Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.442
(c)(2)(A).
Affirmed in part, Reversed in part, and Remanded.
GERBER and LEVINE, JJ., concur.
* * *
Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.
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