DocketNumber： 18-23098
Judges： John K. Olson
Filed Date： 3/12/2010
Status： Precedential
Modified Date： 11/2/2024
United States Bankruptcy Court, S.D. Florida, Fort Lauderdale Division.
*726 Matthew J. Militzok, Hollywood, FL, for Debtor.
Eric N. Assouline, Esq., Assouline & Berlowe, P.A., Dania Beach, FL, for Inland Towers of North Miami Beach, LLC.
JOHN K. OLSON, Bankruptcy Judge.
On March 3, 2010, Creditor Inland Towers filed an Emergency Motion For Debtor to Surrender Leased Premises Pursuant to § 365(d)(4). [DE 59]. This motion asks me to order Debtor's immediate surrender of the leasehold [DE 59] relying primarily on the literal language of the statute and case law which supports the lessor's position. Debtor asks me to deny this motion due to a contrary interpretation of 11 U.S.C. § 365(d)(4), which would limit the effect of the lease's rejection to placing the parties "in a position to pursue remedies under the state law." [DE 71]. I conducted a hearing on March 10, 2010 and took the matter under advisement. For the reasons stated below, the motion is granted.
On January 29, 2006, Debtor-Lessee The Deli Den took assignment of the leasehold. [DE 18-1]. The lease, by its own terms, appears to expire on April 1, 2011. [DE 18-1]. On October 13, 2009, Debtor filed its Chapter 11 petition. [DE 1]. As of 120 days following the order for relief, Debtor had neither assumed nor rejected the lease, resulting in its being rejected pursuant to § 365(d)(4). With this rejection in mind, Creditor-Landlord Inland Towers asks for an immediate surrender of the leasehold. [DE 59].
When applying § 365(d)(4), bankruptcy courts confront a substantial body of case law. Laying the foundation of these holdings is Congress' intent, "to protect lessors from the risk caused by the precarious financial condition of lessee debtors and provide a short time frame for a Debtor-in-Possession to elect either to assume an unexpired non-residential lease or vacate the premises forthwith." In re Golden Triangle Film Labs, 176 B.R. 608, 609-10 (Bankr.M.D.Fla.1994). Additionally, it is widely held that, "the broad equitable powers of bankruptcy judges all weigh in favor of granting a surrender order to a lessor who, under the terms of the provision, clearly deserves one." In re Sok Jun Kong, 162 B.R. 86, 98 (Bankr.E.D.N.Y. 1993) (emphasis added).
"A majority of courts which have addressed this question have held that § 365(d)(4) prevails over contrary state *727 law, and that a lessor of non-residential property is therefore entitled to immediate possession." In re Chris-Kay Foods East, Inc., 118 B.R. 70, 72 (Bankr.E.D.Mich. 1990). Following this case law, the Ninth Circuit ruled that a rejection under § 365(d)(4) does not require a lessor to pursue remedies in state court to effectuate an immediate surrender of the leasehold. See In re Elm Inn, Inc. 942 F.2d 630, 634 (9th Cir.1991). In summarizing these analyses, the Elm Court noted, "the plain language and purpose of section 365(d)(4), the necessarily preemptive force of the Bankruptcy Code, and the broad equitable powers of bankruptcy judges all weigh in favor of granting a surrender order to a lessor who, under the terms of the provision, clearly deserves one." Id.
Debtor directs me to a contrary body of case law contending that "the effect of the rejection of a lease pursuant to § 365(d)(4) merely places the creditor in a position to pursue remedies under state law" after obtaining relief from the automatic stay. In re Williams, 171 B.R. 420, 421 (Bankr. S.D.Ga.1994); see also In re Adams, 65 B.R. 646, 649 (Bankr.E.D.Pa.1986); In re Re-Trac Corp., 59 B.R. 251, 258 (Bankr. D.Minn.1986). These cases are all distinguishable.
The Williams Court held that a Chapter 13 debtor can not be ordered to surrender his leasehold because "§ 365(d)(4) directs the trustee to surrender leased premises." Williams, 171 B.R. 420, 423 (emphasis added). While this may be true, our case involves a Chapter 11 debtor carrying the added responsibility to "perform all of the duties ... of a trustee." § 1107(a). These combined roles leave a Chapter 11 debtor both in possession of the leasehold and obligated to its surrender under § 365(d)(4).
Williams expressed two additional concerns with the Elm Inn holding. The first is procedural: a creditor's recovery of property from a debtor must be commenced in an adversary proceeding. Fed.R.Bankr.P. 7001. The second is "focused on the broad protection which the automatic stay provided to debtors" and asserts that the automatic stay prohibits the self-executing language of § 365(d)(4) from literal application. Williams, 171 B.R. at 423. In expressing these concerns, Williams fails to consider the fundamental principle of statutory construction "that a precisely drawn statute dealing with a specific subject controls over a statute covering a more generalized spectrum." Golden Triangle Film Labs, 176 B.R. at 610 (citing Brown v. General Services Administration, 425 U.S. 820, 834, 96 S.Ct. 1961, 48 L.Ed.2d 402 (1976)). § 365(d)(4) precisely dictates the effect of automatic rejection and surrender of leased non-residential real property. Neither an adversary proceeding nor relief from the automatic stay are required for the implementation of § 365(d)(4).
It is accordingly ORDERED that Creditor-Lessor Inland Towers' Motion for Debtor to Surrender Leased Premises Pursuant to § 365(d)(4) is GRANTED and Debtor-Lessee The Deli Den is ordered to surrender the leasehold and vacate the premises not later than 5:00 pm on March 16, 2010.