DocketNumber: No. 16420
Citation Numbers: 204 Ga. 481
Judges: Duckworth
Filed Date: 11/17/1948
Status: Precedential
Modified Date: 1/12/2023
(After stating the foregoing facts.) The will under which the petitioner claims is not. drawn with precise legal language which is usually employed in more formal wills, but is a nuncupative one, recording the testamentary wishes as expressed to witnesses to the instrument. Nevertheless, in so far as it is not against public policy and law it will be given full effect according to the intention of the testator, and this intention must be ascertained by taking the will,, as it is said, “by the four corners” and giving to all parts of it. consideration. Shoup v. Williams, 148 Ga. 747 (1) (98 S. E. 348); Yerbey v. Chandler, 194 Ga. 263, 265 (21 S. E. 2d, 636); Young v. Young, 202 Ga. 694, 702 (44 S. E. 2d, 659). Looking at the entire will, we construe its provisions as indicating the-wishes of the testator as follows: He wanted the wife to have the- home place during her lifetime, thereby giving her a life estate in such property. He recognized, however, that she would require sufficient income for her support, maintenance, and upkeep of the home. He wanted the children to have the respective lands only after the death of the widow, and not to become-vested at his death with a fee-simple title which would exclude-the widow from all benefits therein. To provide a sufficient support and maintenance during her lifetime, he wanted her to have-the income from such lands in the form of the “usual annual rents,” just as if a “life estate” had been willed in terms and. she herself should take possession and arrange for the production of income by rentals. Desiring, however, to relieve her of the-burden of renting the lands, he chose to place them in the hands, of the children as tenants of the widow, the life tenant, the status of each child to be that of a remainderman. These lands-, were inferentially capable of producing the “usual annual rents,” and the testator desired that she receive for her support and. maintenance, not merely a given sum and no more, but the full: income, the “usual annual rents,” which he doubtless deemed, adequate. This appears from the fact that, while providing in item 13 for the sale of any property owned by him but not mentioned in his will, he excluded his wife from participating in any of the proceeds. The direction in item 12 did not amount to a charge upon the lands in the nature of a trust, as contended by the plaintiff in error, with citations of cases like Bell v. Watkins,.
It is urged by the plaintiff in error that the view that a life estate was intended by the testator for the widow with remainder to the children respectively can not be reconciled with the provisions of item 10 that Philo A. Yancey and Grover A. Yancey be given $3000 each in cash, and the direction in item 12 that they should “pay as rents like the other children what would be a reasonable rent on said money if in land like that given to the other children,” it being urged that, if a life estate was granted in the lands, it was also granted in the money bequeathed to the two sons, and yet it would be unreasonable to assume that the testator would exact such requirement from them if he did not intend that they have the immediate use, possession, and control of the money. To sustain the view that a life estate was granted to the widow in the lands as above mentioned, it is not necessary to reach the same conclusion as to the money directed to be paid to the two sons. Whether or not such a bequest was one encumbered with a charge in the nature of a trust need not be decided. It might be added, though we make no ruling here as to this bequest, that a life estate and a remainder interest may be created in money. In Crawford v. Clark, 110 Ga. 729, 732 (2) (36 S. E. 404), it was said: “A remainder can be created in money. Thornton v. Burch, 20 Ga. 791 (3), 793; Chisholm v. Lee, 53 Ga. 611; Phillips v. Crews, 65 Ga. 274 (2); McCook v. Harp, 81 Ga. 229; Gairdner v. Tate, ante, 456. In Phillips v. Crews, where the law is clearly stated, the court held as follows: ‘A life estate in money, with a remainder over, may be created. Money may be lost but it should not be destroyed in the use.’ And also that section 2253 of the Code of 1873 (now Civil Code, § 3088 [Code of 1933, § 85-602]), prohibiting the creation of á remainder in property that is destroyed in the use, 'does not allude to money but to such things as perish with the usage.’ ”
Nor does the petition show, as contended by the plaintiff in error, that he has prescriptive title under color of title and adverse possession of him and his predecessors in title for more than seven years. It is alleged that the widow, the life tenant of the property here sued for, died on August 2, 1946. Prescription does not run against a remainderman until the death of the life tenant. Brinkley v. Bell, 131 Ga. 226 (5) (62 S. E. 67); Sikes v. Mozley, 201 Ga. 76 (38 S. E. 2d, 671); Folds v. Hartry, 201 Ga. 783, 787 (41 S. E. 2d, 142). Since the present action was brought on October 15, 1946, it is obvious that seven years had not elapsed since the death of the life tenant on August 2, 1946.
Nor is there any merit in the contention that the petitioner is guilty of laches, since as remainderman she had no cause of action against any purchaser until she acquired a right of entry and possession by the death of the life tenant on August 2, 1946. Glore v. Scroggins, 124 Ga. 922 (3) (53 S. E. 690); Mathis v.
It follows from the above that the petition as amended shows a cause of action in the petitioner to recover the land in question, as well as the' rental value thereof, and the court did not err in overruling the defendant’s general demurrer.
The evidence, which has been fully set out in the preceding statement of facts, amply supported the allegations of the petition as amended, and demanded a finding that the petitioner was entitled to recover the land sued for and annual rents of $250. The court did not err in directing a verdict and entering judgment accordingly.
While the evidence shows that the life tenant voluntarily surrendered the land to the executors, in accordance with an agreement between her and the adult children, her action was not binding upon the petitioner, the remainderman, who was at the time an infant of about 7 years of age and not represented by a guardian. Judgment affirmed.