Pope v. United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co.

1. While in an equity case the trial judge is authorized to rule upon demurrers at an interlocutory hearing, he is not obliged to do so, and his failure is never ground for exception.

2. The allowance of a supersedeas to an interlocutory judgment granting extraordinary relief is a matter resting solely in the sound discretion of the trial judge, and his refusal to allow a supersedeas will not be reversed unless it is made to appear that this discretion has been abused.

3. It is not error, but is in keeping with the spirit and purpose of equity, to consolidate with an equity proceeding all other pending litigation in the same court, between the same parties, and involving the same subject-matter, to avoid the necessity of numerous trials. The judgment in the present case consolidating a pending claim case between the same parties and involving the same property is not erroneous.

4. Where an interlocutory judgment granting extraordinary relief is excepted to on the sole ground that it is contrary to law and no challenge of the sufficiency of the evidence to support that judgment is made, and no brief of evidence is requested by plaintiff in error and certified and sent to this court, it will be conclusively presumed that the judgment excepted to is supported by evidence and that all material averments of the petition upon which it is based were supported by proof. And where, on motion of the defendant in error, a brief of the evidence is certified and sent to this court in such a case, the evidence will not be considered.

5. Where a plaintiff in fi. fa. has been met in its efforts to collect the judgment by repeated proceedings instituted by the defendant for the sole purpose of delaying the collection, and where thereafter the defendant's wife filed a claim to the property levied upon and gave a claim bond, and where the claimant has already collected rents on the property and appropriated them to her own use and is making efforts to rent the property for another year and collect the rents in advance, and where the property levied upon is a life-estate, is inadequate to satisfy the plaintiff's judgment, is rapidly depreciating in value, and both the defendant in fi. fa. and the claimant are insolvent, the plaintiff in fi. fa. is entitled to maintain a suit in equity, seeking injunction and appointment of a receiver to take possession of the land and collect the rents and profits thereon. The claim bond is not adequate protection to the plaintiff in fi. fa. against loss of rents and profits, since upon the trial of the claim case the jury would be authorized to award damages only in the event it was found that the claim was filed for the purpose of delay only; and should the jury find against the claimant, but also find that the claim was not filed for the purpose of delay, no damages could be legally awarded, and in that case the insolvent claimant could not be made to account for rents and profits to which the plaintiff had an equitable claim.

6. In a proceeding in equity by a plaintiff in fi. fa., seeking injunction and appointment of a receiver to take possession of and protect the rents and profits from property levied on, where the wife of the defendant in fi. fa. has filed a claim to that property, the defendant in fi. fa. is a necessary party. But where, as in the present case, the defendant was not made a party, and the case proceeded to an interlocutory judgment granting the extraordinary relief prayed for, the necessary party may be supplied by amendment; and where the interlocutory judgment is otherwise valid, this court in the exercise of its power will affirm the judgment, with direction that the defendant in fi. fa. be made a party defendant in the equity cause.

7. On motion of the defendant in error a brief of evidence was certified and transmitted to this court. Since consideration of the evidence is unnecessary for a decision of the questions raised by the bill of exceptions, and since the judgment excepted to is affirmed, it is directed that by proper order of the trial court the defendant in error be required to pay the costs arising in connection with the brief of evidence.

No. 14072. APRIL 15, 1942. The United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company brought this action against Mrs. Miriam B. Pope, the wife of C. Flannery Pope, the petition as amended alleging substantially the following facts: The petitioner is the transferee of a judgment rendered on May 25, 1934, against C. Flannery Pope, the amount of the judgment being between $4000 and $4100. The only property belonging to the defendant in the judgment which is subject thereto is a life-estate in a described tract of land containing 342 acres, more or less, in the 52d district of Laurens County, Georgia, known as the Pharker Adams and J. W. Pryor places. On May 21, 1941, the sheriff levied the plaintiff's execution on the described land, seeking to sell the life-estate interest of C. Flannery Pope, to satisfy the plaintiff's judgment. The present value of the life-estate is $3000, and petitioner knows a prospective purchaser at this price, provided it can be brought to an immediate sale. If sold for that amount, there would remain unpaid on the plaintiff's judgment approximately $1100. The defendant in fi. fa. owns no other property, and is insolvent. On June 17, 1941, the plaintiff sued out garnishment against W. H. Lovett, whose answer admitted an indebtedness of $622.77 to C. Flannery Pope. The answer was filed on July 29, 1941. On September 4, 1941, judgment was taken in favor of the plaintiff against the fund, and discharging the garnishee. On September 13, 1941, Mrs. Pope undertook to file a claim to the fund and to traverse the answer of the garnishee; and on September 16, 1941, she filed a claim bond, with her father as security. Under the levy of the plaintiff's fi. fa. on the life-estate in the land, sale was advertised during August, 1941, to be held on September 2 (the first Tuesday), 1941. On that day C. Flannery Pope filed a petition to abate and suspend enforcement of the judgment and execution; and the court entered an order of suspension for thirty days, thereby preventing the sale as advertised. On September 23, 1941, the defendant in fi. fa. filed a motion to vacate the judgment rendered in the garnishment proceeding on September 4. This motion was denied on October 16, 1941. The defendant in fi. fa. tendered a bill of exceptions to that judgment, seeking review by the Court of Appeals. On the same day the defendant in fi. fa. made a motion to abate or further suspend enforcement of plaintiff's execution. This was denied, and he sued out a bill of exceptions seeking to have the Court of Appeals review that judgment.

As a further effort to collect its judgment, the plaintiff sued out a garnishment against Julian Witherington and Fred Devose, tenants for the year 1941 of the land levied on. On November 1, 6, 1941, the garnishees answered, denying indebtedness. Garnishment process served on Mrs. C. F. Pope was answered, denying indebtedness. The land levied on was readvertised, during October, for sale to be held on November 4, 1941. On November 3, 1941, Mrs. Pope, the defendant, filed a claim to the land, accompanied by a bond in the sum of $2000, the bond reciting that the property was worth only $1000. This claim prevented the sale which had been advertised for the following day. The claim as well as the other proceedings of the defendant in fi. fa. and his wife, the defendant in this action, were instituted for the sole purpose of hindering, delaying, and defrauding petitioner. Mrs. Pope has seized possession of the land, claims ownership, and is exercising sole dominion and control thereof. For the year 1941 she rented a portion of the land for $200, took the rent note in her own name, and collected and appropriated the rent to her own use. For the same year she rented the balance of the land for $500, taking a rent note payable to herself, and collected and appropriated the rent to her own use. She is attempting to rent the land for 1942 and either take a rent note in her own name or collect the rent in advance, in an amount approximating $700. She is paying the taxes on the land, and is undertaking to collect all of the rents and profits and place them beyond the reach of petitioner or other creditors of her husband. Although claiming title superior to the plaintiff's judgment, as a matter of law and fact she could not possibly have an interest superior to that judgment, for the reason that her husband, defendant in plaintiff's judgment, obtained a judgment after the record of the plaintiff's execution, decreeing title to a life-estate in said land. The defendant owns no other property or assets, and is hopelessly insolvent, and could not be made to respond to any claim the plaintiff might make against her on account of her conduct in filing claim and collecting rent for the land. The life-estate in the land owned by the defendant in fi. fa. is constantly depreciating in value, his age being between 44 and 50, and he being in military service in the regular army of the United States, where he has been for the past ten or fifteen years. The death of the defendant in fi. fa. would automatically wipe out his interest in the land; and should the life-estate terminate before the claim of Mrs. Pope is adjudicated, the plaintiff would sustain a loss of $3000. The remedies by garnishment are inadequate to protect the plaintiff against loss of the rents and profits. In seeking to collect the 1942 rents in advance Mrs. Pope is trying to place these assets beyond the plaintiff's reach.

The petition alleges, that the issues made by the claim can be tried with the issues in this proceeding; that the plaintiff's judgment is not dormant, having been kept alive by levy; that an emergency exists (the petition being filed on December 6, 1941), in that if the lands are to be rented to advantage for 1942 a receiver should be appointed to take immediate charge of and rent the land, because plans of responsible farmers for 1942 are being made and will be completed by the first of that year, and unless immediate action looking to profitable renting of the land is taken it will be impossible to obtain adequate rental for 1942. The only action the defendant in fi. fa. has taken to prevent the plaintiff from collecting its judgment by levy and sale of his interest in the land was the petition to abate and suspend enforcement; and although he has appealed from the court decisions therein, he has obtained no supersedeas and has taken no action to prevent enforcement of the plaintiff's judgment. He has wholly abandoned the land and premises, is making no effort to control, farm, or operate the same, is not collecting or claiming the rents and profits thereof, is having nothing to do therewith, and claims no interest or equity therein; and for these reasons he is neither a necessary nor a proper party to this proceeding. It is alleged, that the only right or title that Mrs. Miriam B. Pope "has or could have in said lands would be only by virtue of a secret unrecorded deed from her husband, C. F. Pope, made and delivered since November 3, 1939. She has no independent title thereto from any other source. If she holds or claims by deed from her husband, C. F. Pope, she acquired such title or interest with full notice and complete knowledge of petitioner's judgment lien and all of the facts in connection therewith, as set out in this petition as amended, and for the sole purpose of hindering, delaying, and defrauding your petitioner." Also, that "the title of the life estate therein is vested solely and exclusively in her husband, C. F. Pope." The prayers were for injunction preventing defendant, her tenants, and agents from exercising control over the land in question; for a receiver to take charge of and rent the land for 1942 and future years, if necessary, to responsible parties, subject to further order of the court; that all pending lawsuits between plaintiff and defendant be consolidated with this action, and determined at the same time; for sale of the land by the receiver; and for general relief, etc.

On presentation of the petition the judge signed a restraining order, appointed a temporary receiver, and ordered an interlocutory hearing to be held on December 18, 1941. Mrs. Pope filed demurrers on general and special grounds, one of which asserted that there was a nonjoinder of parties, in that C. Flannery Pope was a necessary party. She answered, claiming ownership of the land. By special plea it was contended that certain persons were necessary parties defendant. After hearing evidence and argument, the judge entered an interlocutory judgment consolidating the claim case with the equity suit; enjoining defendant and her agents as prayed; appointing a receiver to take charge of the land and rent the same according to directions set forth in the judgment; reciting that the demurrers had been considered, but that judgment was reserved on all demurrers and other legal questions; refusing to pass on the demurrers; and refusing to allow a supersedeas. To this judgment the defendant excepted. 1. That portion of the judgment excepted to, stating that while the demurrers were considered along with the other pleadings and the evidence, no ruling was made thereon, is assailed as error; and it is insisted that the court erred in not passing on the demurrers at the interlocutory hearing. It is provided in the Code § 81-1002, that in all cases demurrer, pleas, and answer shall be disposed of in the order named, and that demurrers and pleas shall be determined at the first term, unless continued by the court or by consent of parties. It is provided further, that "in equity causes, however, where extraordinary relief is sought, the trial court may hear, pass upon, and determine all demurrers in such causes at any interlocutory hearing before the appearance or first term." The quoted provision permits, but never requires, the judge to pass upon the demurrers in such cases at an interlocutory hearing. He may hear and determine all demurrers under this statute, but he is not obliged to do so, and his failure to do so is never ground for exception. Byrd v. Piha, 165 Ga. 397 (141 S.E. 48);Ward v. Parks, 166 Ga. 149 (142 S.E. 690); McDermid v.McDermid, 182 Ga. 320 (185 S.E. 515); Americus Finance Co. v. Wilson, 189 Ga. 635 (3) (7 S.E.2d 259); Moxley v.Adams, 190 Ga. 164 (5) (8 S.E.2d 525); Galloway v.Mitchell County Electric Corporation, 190 Ga. 428 (2) (9 S.E.2d 903). It was said in Moxley v. Adams, supra: "No ruling having been made on the demurrers, and the failure to rule thereon not being error, questions raised by the demurrers are not determined except in so far as they are involved and have been decided in passing upon the grant of the interlocutory injunction." The judge considered the demurrers on the hearing, in so far as they related to the legal questions involved in the interlocutory judgment, and to that extent those questions will be passed on in our determination of the attack upon that judgment on the ground that it is contrary to law. The failure of the judge to rule on the demurrers was not error, and that fact alone constitutes no valid attack upon the interlocutory judgment.

2. The judgment is assailed upon the ground that it expressly disallows a supersedeas. The question passed upon by the trial court was whether or not the case as presented called for the grant of extraordinary relief, and the court found that the petitioner was entitled to the immediate grant of such extraordinary relief. To require as a matter of law the allowance of a supersedeas to the judgment granting such relief might in many cases nullify the judgment. Accordingly the question of allowing a supersedeas in all such cases is left to the sound discretion of the trial judge. West v. Shackelford, 138 Ga. 163 (74 S.E. 1079); Prater v. Barge, 139 Ga. 801 (78 S.E. 119); Peebles v. Perkins, 165 Ga. 159 (10) (140 S.E. 360);Oliver v. Harrison, 184 Ga. 454 (191 S.E. 693). The plaintiff in error confines her attack on the judgment solely to questions of law, which excludes any consideration of the evidence. Hence it does not appear that there was an abuse of discretion in disallowing a supersedeas.

3. Another attack on the judgment is based upon the portion of the same wherein other cases pending between the parties, and specifically the claim case involving the same property, were consolidated and ordered tried and determined with the present suit in equity. The consolidation was not erroneous, but, on the contrary, was in keeping with one of the purposes of equity, in that it avoids numerous trials and disposes of all controversies between the parties at the same time and by one trial. O'Malley v. Wilson, 182 Ga. 97 (185 S.E. 109); Martin v. Martin,182 Ga. 113 (185 S.E. 119). This ground of attack is without merit.

4. The writ of error excepts to only one judgment, which is the interlocutory judgment rendered on December 19, 1941, and the exception is expressly confined to questions of law. The plaintiff in error states that the exceptions require no consideration of the evidence, and accordingly no brief of the evidence accompanied the bill of exceptions. The defendant in error contends, however, that the evidence should be considered, and it has had a brief of the evidence certified and sent to this court. In view of the assignments of error in the bill of exceptions, consideration of the evidence is not required; for in failing to challenge the judgment excepted to on any ground involving the evidence, the plaintiff in error concedes that the judgment is supported by the evidence. In such a case it will be assumed that every proof authorized by the pleadings necessary to support the judgment was produced on the trial, and that the judgment is sufficiently sustained by the evidence. Hart v. Respess,89 Ga. 87 (3) (14 S.E. 910); Moss v. Moss, 141 Ga. 769 (82 S.E. 136); Schwarz v. Monsees, 142 Ga. 734 (83 S.E. 670);Kennedy v. Rogers, 145 Ga. 292 (88 S.E. 974); Voyles v.Federal Land Bank of Columbia, 173 Ga. 844 (162 S.E. 106);Henriot v. Henriot, 183 Ga. 510 (188 S.E. 684). The brief of evidence sent to this court on motion of the defendant in error will not be considered, and the judgment complained of will be examined only for the purpose of determining whether or not it conforms to the law. If authorized by the pleadings, it will be affirmed.

5. The summary of the substance of the petition which precedes this opinion shows a series of facts and circumstances which authorize the grant of equitable relief. Code, § 55-305; Hart v. Respess, supra; Fisher v. Graham, 113 Ga. 851 (39 S.E. 305); Smith v. Zachry, 128 Ga. 290 (57 S.E. 513);Gillespie v. Hunt, 146 Ga. 440 (91 S.E. 468); Dixon v.Tucker, 167 Ga. 783 (146 S.E. 736); Crockett v. Wilson,184 Ga. 539 (192 S.E. 19); Corbly v. Wright, 186 Ga. 782 (199 S.E. 168); Braswell v. Palmer, 191 Ga. 262 (11 S.E.2d 889). In Hart v. Respess, supra, the levy was made under a mortgage fi. fa., and hence the plaintiff in the equity proceeding had a special lien upon the property involved. It was there held that the plaintiff was entitled to injunction and the appointment of a receiver, since it appeared that the claimants were insolvent and no claim bond had been given. But it was also held that although the mortgagee had no legal right to the rents and profits he had an equitable claim upon them to the extent that they were needed to pay any balance of his claim after the corpus had been applied thereto. In Smith v. Zachry, supra, the plaintiff in the equity suit had no special lien, but he had two judgments based upon promissory notes. After a series of claims and affidavits on the part of the defendant in fi. fa. and his wife, the equity suit was filed, reciting these facts, and praying for injunction and receiver. On the hearing a receiver was appointed, and the defendant excepted. Speaking of the right of the petitioner to relief in equity, this court said: "If the allegations of the petition are to be taken as true, the sole purpose of the defendant and his wife in these repeated interpositions of claims and affidavits of illegality is to delay the proper enforcement of the law. If this be so, the law will not allow such a purpose to be effectuated; nor will equity turn a deaf ear and stand idly by and permit the defendant to reap the reward of such a scheme of delay, while the creditor not only is prevented from realizing the money justly due him, but also sees the land depreciating in value below the amount of the executions. There must be an end of litigation somewhere; and we think the presiding judge did nothing more than his manifest duty when he appointed a receiver to hold the land and collect the rents". The quoted language is appropriately applicable to the facts alleged in the present case. The defendant in fi. fa. has resorted to legal processes seeking delay only, and these proceedings are still unsettled. The claimant, his wife, accepting the averments of the petition as true, as must be done in this case, knows that any claim she might have is subject to the plaintiff's judgment, and yet she has blocked the plaintiff's efforts to enforce its judgment by a claim. It is true that she has filed a claim bond, and the sufficiency of that bond may be properly tested at law, and resort to equity for that purpose alone could not be had. But does that claim bond afford complete protection to the plaintiff in fi. fa. against loss? We think not. The petition avers that both the defendant in fi. fa. and the claimant are insolvent, that the land levied on is insufficient to satisfy the plaintiff's judgment, and that the interest levied on, being only a life estate in the land, is rapidly depreciating in value. The rents and profits of the land amount to several hundred dollars per year, and the claimant, who is in possession, has already collected such rents and appropriated them to her own use; and it is alleged that at the time the petition was filed, on December 6, 1941, she was attempting to rent the land for 1942 and collect the rent in advance. The claim bond is no protection to the plaintiff in fi. fa. against the loss of such rents and profits. In Fisher v.Graham, supra, in dealing with this identical question, this court said: "We do not think that in a case in which a claim is interposed to property levied on, where the plaintiff in execution is in equity entitled to the rents of the property, the remedy upon the claim bond to ask that the jury assess damages for the delay is at all adequate for the plaintiff in execution. It is legally possible for the jury to find that the claim is unfounded, and at the same time to reach the conclusion that the claim was interposed in perfect good faith. In such a case, if the litigation is protracted and the claimant is insolvent, the plaintiff has no remedy whatever for the loss resulting to him from the rents being collected by a person who is not able to respond. We think that the right of the plaintiff in execution to a receiver in such cases is dependent, not upon the ability of the claimant to give the claim bond to answer for damages in the event the claim was filed for delay only, but upon the ability of the claimant to respond in an action for the rents, issues, and profits collected by him which in equity belonged to the plaintiff in execution". It is true that in that case the petitioner had a special lien upon the property involved. Likewise the petitioner in Dixon v. Tucker, 167 Ga. 783 (146 S.E. 736), had a special lien, and it was held that he was entitled to equitable relief; but it was further said: "In similar circumstances this principle is applicable when the judgment is not founded upon a secured debt, and where the judgment creditor has no lien except that created by his judgment. Smith v. Zachry, 128 Ga. 290 (57 S.E. 513). It will be noted that the principle announced is based upon the fact that the land claimed is not sufficient to pay the judgment, or that it is deteriorating in value, or that waste is being committed thereon." Both the claimant and the defendant in fi. fa. in the present case being insolvent, the appointment of a receiver to collect and hold, subject to the order of the court, rents and profits from the land involved was necessary to protect the interests of plaintiff. There being no other property which could be subjected to the plaintiff's judgment, it was in equity entitled to the rents and profits derived from the land involved; and since the insolvency of the claimant rendered her unable to account for the rents and profits which she was seeking to obtain, the petitioner was entitled to have the claimant and her agents enjoined from interfering with the property, and to have a receiver appointed for the purpose of collecting the rent.

6. But it is strongly urged by the plaintiff in error that since the defendant in fi. fa. was not made a party to this action; and that since the petition was assailed by special demurrer upon this ground, and since the defendant was a necessary party, the judgment excepted to is invalid for want of necessary parties. A person without any interest in the subject-matter of an equity suit, and who can not be affected by the decree rendered therein, is neither a necessary nor proper party. Beall v. Blake, 16 Ga. 119 (4); Westfall v.Scott, 20 Ga. 233; Lang v. Brown, 29 Ga. 628. But all persons directly interested in the result and who will be affected by the decree are necessary parties. Henderson v.Napier, 107 Ga. 342 (33 S.E. 433); Warren County FertilizerCo. v. Reese, 156 Ga. 824 (2) (120 S.E. 534). Crawford v.Spurling, 56 Ga. 611, was a case where the question of necessary parties was similar to that in the present case. There, after a judgment had been levied and a claim filed, the plaintiff in fi. fa. brought a suit in equity against the claimant, seeking injunction and a receiver, without making the defendant in fi. fa. a party; and it was held that the defendant in fi. fa. was a necessary party. We are requested by the defendant in error to review and overrule that decision; but after careful consideration of the ruling we decline the request. It did not appear there, and it does not appear here, that the defendant in fi. fa. had divested himself of all interest in the property levied upon as his. Until the property is finally sold under the judgment the owner and defendant in execution has such an interest therein as entitles him to the possession, custody, and control thereof and the collection of rents and profits therefrom, and in order to oust the defendant and collect the rents by the appointment of a receiver it is necessary that he be made a party to the proceeding.

But the lack of necessary parties in an equity suit is an amendable defect. It is provided in the Code, § 37-1005, that all necessary parties may be made at the beginning of the equitable proceedings, or "afterwards by amendment". This court is given power, under the Code, § 6-1610, to "award such order and direction to the cause in the court below as may be consistent with the law and justice of the case." It has been held that direction to amend by making necessary parties, or in other respects that may be consistent with law, may be given by this court. Hart v.Respess, supra; Green v. Hill, 101 Ga. 258 (28 S.E. 692); Milner v. Mutual Benefit Building Association,104 Ga. 101 (4) (30 S.E. 648); Bunn v. England, 122 Ga. 833 (2) (50 S.E. 914); Fricker v. Americus Manufacturing c. Co.,124 Ga. 165 (20) (52 S.E. 65); Wright v. Hill, 140 Ga. 554 (5) (79 S.E. 546). Accordingly, the judgment is affirmed, with direction that the defendant in fi. fa. be made a party in the manner provided by law for making parties.

7. It having been decided that the portion of the record comprising a brief of evidence was superfluous and unnecessary in this court, and this record having been certified and brought to this court on motion of the defendant in error, and the judgment of affirmance requires the plaintiff in error to pay the costs, it is directed that the costs of certifying and sending to this court a brief of evidence be paid by the defendant in error.Georgia Cane Products Co. v. Corn Products Refining Co.,141 Ga. 40 (5) (80 S.E. 318); Sikes v. Hurt, 18 Ga. App. 197 (89 S.E. 181).

Judgment affirmed, with direction. All the Justices concur.