Fincher v. Stanley Electric Manufacturing Co.

Evans, J.

The controlling question in this case is whether the pleading.act of 1893, as contained in the Civil Code, §4961, is applicable in all respects in cases of attachment in those courts where a declaration in attachment is required to be filed. Civil Code, §4960, is as follows: “All suits in the superior courts for legal or equitable relief, or both, shall be by petition to the court, signed by the plaintiff or his counsel, plainly, fully, and distinctly setting forth his charge, ground of complaint and demand, and the names of the persons against whom process is prayed.” Section 4961 provides that “All such petitions shall set forth the cause of action in orderly and distinct paragraphs, numbered consecutively; and any averment distinctly and plainly made therein, which is not denied by the defendant’s answer, shall be taken as prima facie true, unless the defendant states in his answer that he can neither admit nor deny such averment because of the want of sufficient information.” Beading these two sections together, it is clearly inferable that the latter section was intended to apply only to suits begun by petition, where process was prayed against the defendant, calling upon him to answer the several allegations in the plaintiff’s petition, by way of denial or admission; or, in the event the defendant could neither admit nor deny any averment, because of want of sufficient information, to apprise the plaintiff that proof would be necessary to sustain such averment. The beneficent design of the section is to formulate the issues at the appearance term, so that at the trial- term the time of the court will not be frittered away by proving uncontested facts. It implies that the plea should be filed at the first term; and even before the practice act of 1895 (Civil Code, §§ 5069 et seq.) it was held that where no demurrer, plea, or answer was filed at the appearance term, none could be subsequently filed without opening the default. Moses v. Kittle, 103 Ga. 806. It was decided, soon after its passage, that this enactment did not apply to petitions for certiorari; for the reason that no plea or answer was to be filed in such cases. Royal v. McPhail, 97 Ga. 457. For the same reason the provisions of this section are inapplicable to answers or pleas filed by a receiver appointed under a creditors’ bill, in resistance to claims set up by intervening creditors of the defendant, whose property the receiver is undertaking to administer. Bird v. Sparks, 100 Ga. 616. And in Hudson v. Hudson, 119 Ga. 637, it was held that the provision of the code that the defendant must admit, deny, or explain why he does not admit or deny each paragraph, under penalty of having the allegations in the petition treated as prima facie true, relates to the answer to the original petition, and not to pendente lite amendments. The inapplicability of § 4961 in the instances just cited rests upon the construction that the statute only dispenses with proof of the plaintiff’s cause of action as set out in the petition where the defendant is served with process requiring a specific answer to each allegation in the petition.

The procedure in attachment suits materially differs from that of an ordinary action of law. The levy of the attachment is the commencement of the suit (Baker v. Aultman, 107 Ga. 339); but the beginning of the ordinary suit is the filing of the petition. In attachment eases where there has been no personal written notice to the defendant under the Civil Code, § 4557, the constructive service resulting from seizure of his property precedes the filing of the declaration, whereas in ordinary suits a copy of the declaration itself, with process attached, is in the first instance served upon the defendant in one of the modes provided by law for such service. In attachment suits the defendant may appear and make his defense at any time before final judgment is rendered. In the ordinary suit, where proper service has been had, the defendant must make his defense at the first or appearance term. If, therefore, the terms of section 4961 limit it to suits begun by petition wherein process is prayed against the defendant, and a copy of the petition is to be served before the appearance term, and the defendant is required to make answer to the petition at the first term, or thereafter be concluded, then it could have no application to the proeedure in cases of attachment, where neither process is prayed nor the filing of the declaration antedates the service, and where the defendant has no notice, at the time of the constructive service upon him by seizure of his property, of the nature or character of the plaintiff’s demand.

But it is contended that the Civil Code, § 4556, which provides that “When the attachment has been returned to the proper court, the subsequent' proceedings shall be in all respects the same as in eases where there is personal service,” amounts to an express declaration that the practice and procedure in attachment cases shall be the same as in ordinary suits where there is personal service. This section of the code was the statute law of this State long anterior to the enactment of the pleading act of 1893. Manifestly it was intended to relate to the mode of trial, making up issues, empaneling a jury, and procedure usually incident to the trial of an ordinary case. It could hardly be contended that this section would authorize a judgment in personam against a defendant in an attachment case where there has been no service upon him other than by levy, and where he does not appear and plead to the merits. However desirable it may be that there should be general uniformity in pleading, that result can only be attained by legislative enactment; and where a statute is so framed that it can not be made applicable to all classes of cases, it must be confined to such as come under its terms. We do not think the act is applicable to pleading and practice in attachment cases.

Judgment affirmed.

All the Justices concur, except Fish, G. J., absent, and Beck, J., disqualified.