Shiver v. Singletary

Banke, Presiding Judge.

The Shivers sued Singletary and Roehm to recover damages arising from an injury Mr. Shiver suffered when he slipped and fell in a grocery store allegedly owned by a partnership comprised of the two defendants. This appeal is from the grant of the defendants’ motion for summary judgment.

In support of their motion for summary judgment, the defendants relied on an affidavit submitted by Roehm and on Shiver’s deposition. In his affidavit, Roehm averred that the floor in the part of the store where Shiver fell was sealant-coated concrete which was smooth but not slippery; that he had been unable to find any foreign substance on the floor in the area where Shiver said he fell; that the part of the store where the fall occurred was accessible to customers and to vendors as well as employees; and that he had no notice prior to the fall that any foreign substance was on the floor. Shiver testified in his deposition that he went to the back of the store to use the restroom; that the lighting was good, and the floor was dry and clear; that, as he walked through a set of swinging doors leading to the back of the store, “there was a guy on my right that was prepping turnips or collards or something of that nature”; that although he was looking at the floor as he walked the approximately 60 feet from the swinging doors to the restroom he saw nothing there before he fell; and that after he fell he saw what appeared to be a wet skid mark left by his boot. Held:

1. The grant of summary judgment to appellee Singletary has been acquiesced in by appellants, so the portion of the judgment in his favor is affirmed without discussion.

2. “Knowledge on the part of the proprietor that there is a foreign substance on the floor that could cause patrons to slip and fall may be either actual or constructive.” Alterman Foods v. Ligon, 246 Ga. 620, 622 (272 SE2d 327) (1980). Although defendant Roehm’s affidavit establishes without dispute that he had no actual knowledge of the presence of a foreign substance on the floor, it does not establish a lack of actionable constructive knowledge on his part. Accord Winn-Dixie of Greenville v. Ramey, 186 Ga. App. 257 (366 SE2d 785) (1988); Food Giant v. Cooke, 186 Ga. App. 253 (366 SE2d 781) (1988).

A lack of actionable constructive knowledge is normally established in such cases by evidence or compliance with reasonable inspection and/or cleaning procedures. See, e.g., DeGracia v. Huntingdon Assoc., 176 Ga. App. 495 (1) (336 SE2d 602) (1985); Kenny v. M & M Supermarket, 183 Ga. App. 225 (358 SE2d 641) (1987); and Mazur v. Food Giant, 183 Ga. App. 453 (359 SE2d 178) (1987). No such evidence was presented in this case. Moreover, even had such evidence been offered, it would not necessarily have established a lack of actionable constructive knowledge on Roehm’s part, given Shiver’s testimony that the skid mark where he slipped appeared to be wet and that there was an individual standing nearby at the time “prepping” vegetables.

“[T]he proprietor may be held to have constructive knowledge if the plaintiff shows that an employee of the proprietor ‘was in the immediate area of the dangerous condition and could have easily seen the substance and removed the hazard.’ ” Alterman Foods v. Ligon, supra, 246 Ga. at 622. Accord Fletcher v. Family Center, 169 Ga. App. 376 (312 SE2d 856) (1983); Piggly Wiggly Southern v. Erfourth, 152 Ga. App. 468 (1) (263 SE2d 249) (1979). Shiver’s testimony is both consistent with and suggestive of the hypothesis that there was a store employee standing in the immediate vicinity washing vegetables shortly prior to his fall, who may have been responsible for the presence of moisture on the floor. We do not mean to imply that this testimony would be sufficient to create a jury question on the constructive knowledge issue during the trial of the case, when the burden of proof would be on the plaintiff. However, on motion for summary judgment the burden was on defendant Roehm, as movant, to come forward with evidence tending to show that he did not have constructive knowledge of the presence of the alleged hazard, and this he clearly failed to do.

“On a motion for summary judgment the burden of establishing the non-existence of any genuine issue of fact is upon the moving party and all doubts are to be resolved against the movant. The movant has that burden even as to issues upon which the opposing party would have the trial burden, and the moving party’s papers are carefully scrutinized, while the opposing party’s papers, if any, are treated with considerable indulgence.” Ham v. Ham, 230 Ga. 43, 45 (195 SE2d 429) (1973). (Emphasis supplied.) See generally OCGA § 9-11-56 (c). “To entitle the defendant to a summary judgment the undisputed facts as disclosed by the pleadings and evidence must negate at least one essential element entitling plaintiff to recovery . . . under every theory fairly drawn from the pleadings and evidence (cits.) and, if necessary, prove the negative or nonexistence of an essential element affirmatively asserted by the plaintiff. (Cits.) And until movant has made a prima facie showing by evidence which demands a finding in his favor as to the particular matter, there is no duty upon the opposing party to produce rebuttal evidence. (Cits.)” Henderson v. Atlanta Transit System, 133 Ga. App. 354, 356 (210 SE2d 845) (1974). (Emphasis from original.) Accord Epps Air Svc. v. DeKalb County, 147 Ga. App. 195, 196 (248 SE2d 300) (1978).

The appellees rely upon this court’s recent decisions in Bright v. Food Giant, 177 Ga. App. 641 (340 SE2d 272) (1986), and Newman v. Ruby Tuesday, Inc., 184 Ga. App. 827 (363 SE2d 26) (1987), as authority for the proposition that where a defendant in a “slip and fall” case moves for summary judgment and offers evidence tending to establish that he had no actual knowledge of the presence of the alleged hazard, the burden shifts to the plaintiff to come forward with evidence which either creates a factual dispute on that issue or tends to show that the defendant at least had constructive knowledge of the presence of the hazard. However, the plaintiff, as respondent on motion for summary judgment, cannot properly be called upon to offer proof of actionable constructive knowledge on the part of the defendant until the defendant, as movant, has come forward with evidence tending to negate the existence of such knowledge. To the extent that Bright v. Food Giant, supra, and Newman v. Ruby Tuesday, Inc., supra, may be read as authority altering this burden of proof on motion for summary judgment, they are hereby overruled; and the grant of summary judgment to defendant Roehm in this case is hereby reversed.

Judgment affirmed in part and reversed in part.

McMurray, P. J., Carley and Pope, JJ., concur. Beasley, J., concurs specially. Birdsong, C. J., Deen, P. J., Sognier and Benham, JJ., concur in part and dissent in part.