Ultra Group of Companies, Inc. v. Inam International, Inc.

FOURTH DIVISION
MCFADDEN, C. J.,
DOYLE, P.J., and COOMER, JJ.
NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
http://www.gaappeals.us/rules
March 10, 2020
In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
A19A2063. ULTRA GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. v. INAM
INTERNATIONAL, INC. et al.
COOMER, Judge.
Ultra Group of Companies, Inc. (“Ultra”) appeals the superior court’s dismissal
of its petition for certiorari and entry of judgment in favor of Inam International, Inc.,
Sono Merchants, Inc., Farooq Gandhi, Omar Enterprises, Inc., Abdul Ghulamhussain,
and Hasina Kebani (“Inam Group”). On appeal, Ultra argues that the superior court
erred in (i) dismissing the petition on the basis that the Georgia Lottery Corporation
(“GLC”) failed to file an answer, and (ii) entering judgment for Inam Group. For the
following reasons, we affirm in part and reverse in part.
The underlying dispute between Ultra and Inam Group involves claims
pertaining to the leasing and operation of coin operated amusement machines
(“COAMs”). Disputes among COAM licensees are governed by the statutory
framework associated with the GLC. Pursuant to OCGA § 50-27-102 (d), any
disputes between COAM operators must be submitted to arbitration before a hearing
officer or arbitration service approved by GLC.
In compliance with this procedure, the parties’ case was heard by an arbitrator
approved by GLC. Dissatisfied with the result at arbitration, Ultra appealed to GLC’s
CEO pursuant to OCGA § 50-27-102 (d) (5) and GLC Rules and Regulations 13.2.5
(1) (b) (4). After the CEO failed to take any action within 30 days, Ultra filed a
petition for certiorari in the Fulton County Superior Court.1
When it filed its petition, Ultra complied with OCGA § 5-4-6 (b) and served
the respondent — GLC — with a copy of the petition. However, GLC failed to file
an answer within 30 days of receipt of the petition as required by OCGA § 5-4-7, and
1
Georgia Lottery Corporation RU 13.2.5 (1) (b) (4) states that a “Motion for
Review shall be deemed denied if the President/CEO or his/her designee fails to
provide a decision to either grant or deny the Motion of Review within 30 days from
receipt of the Motion for Review.” See
https://www.gacoam.com/API/Documents/Document?documentID=255 (last visited
January 9, 2020).
2
Ultra neither requested an extension of time for GLC to answer nor sought to compel
an answer from GLC. Inam moved to dismiss the petition in the absence of GLC’s
answer. The superior court granted the motion to dismiss, finding that it was Ultra’s
responsibility to compel an answer from GLC or request additional time from the trial
court to secure an answer. After dismissing the petition, the trial court then entered
judgment in favor of Inam, as set forth in the arbitration award. Ultra filed an
application for discretionary review, which we granted. It then filed a notice of appeal
two days later.
1. Ultra argues that the superior court erred in dismissing its petition because
an answer from GLC was not required. We disagree.
“We apply a de novo standard of review to the trial court’s grant of a motion
to dismiss.” Alcatraz Media, LLC v. Yahoo! Inc., 290 Ga. App. 882, 882 (660 SE2d
797) (2008).
As noted, when a petition for certiorari is filed in superior court, the respondent
— in this case GLC — must file an answer within 30 days after service of the writ.
OCGA § 5-4-7. The answer is not a pleading, but is a form of return that constitutes
a copy of the entire record in the case. Herault v. Dept. of Human Resources, 137 Ga.
App. 446, 446-447 (1) (224 SE2d 480) (1976). The burden is on the petitioner to see
3
that an answer to the petition is filed in a timely manner. Copeland v. White, 172 Ga.
App. 198, 198 (322 SE2d 523) (1984). If an answer is not filed, dismissal of the
petition is the proper remedy. Id.
Ultra asserts that because it attached a copy of the transcript and final order
from the arbitration hearing to its petition, GLC was not required to file an answer.2
Permitting Ultra to submit what it says constitutes the record below would circumvent
the statutory requirement that the lower tribunal, not the parties, “certify and send up
all the proceedings in the case to the superior court, as directed in the writ of
certiorari.” OCGA § 5-4-3 (emphasis supplied).
Ultra obtained a writ of certiorari from the superior court which directed the
GLC CEO to “certify and send up to the Fulton Superior Court all of the proceedings
in the case.” It is undisputed from the record that the GLC failed to file an answer,
and Ultra did not compel GLC to respond or request additional time to seek
compulsion. Because Ultra failed to compel GLC to file an answer or seek additional
time for it to do so, no certified record from the lower tribunal was ever filed in the
superior court. See Maddox v. City of Newnan, 118 Ga. App. 347, 347 (163 SE2d
2
We note that Ultra claims it included “essentially” the entire record below
with its petition, but missing from its attachments are the arbitration complaint,
answer, and any motions or briefs that may have also been filed.
4
756) (1968) (“Assignments of error and recitals of fact contained in a petition for
certiorari to the superior court from the judgment of a recorder’s court which have not
been verified by the answer of the magistrate, no answer having been filed, cannot
be considered[.]” (emphasis supplied)); Herault, 137 Ga. App. at 448 (1) (“The return
or answer must constitute a verification or denial, from the record or otherwise, of
material assertions in the petition.”); Gornto v. City of Brunswick, 119 Ga. App. 673,
673 (3) (168 SE2d 323) (1969) (“[T]he [dismissal of the petition for certiorari] was
correct for the additional reason that there was no certification of the record of the
trial from the recorder’s court to the superior court.” (citation omitted)). See also
Copeland, 172 Ga. App. at 198. Because no certified record from GLC was ever filed,
and Ultra failed to take any steps to ensure its filing, the superior court did not err in
dismissing the petition.
2. Ultra next argues that the trial court erred when, following dismissal of the
petition, it entered a judgment on the merits “as set forth in the Final Award in the
Arbitration.” We agree.
In its order entering judgment for Inam, the trial court cited to OCGA § 5-4-17.
That code section states, in pertinent part, that
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[i]f the certiorari is dismissed and a final decision is made in the case by
the superior court, the defendant in certiorari may have judgment
entered in the superior court against the plaintiff and his security for the
sum recovered by him, together with the costs in the superior court[.]
OCGA § 5-4-17.
On the face of the statute, it appears as though a superior court can both dismiss
a petition for certiorari and simultaneously enter a judgment on the merits. However,
we previously interpreted section 5205 of Civil Code 1910, which was nearly
identical to the current version of OCGA § 5-4-17, and found that “the word ‘dismiss’
is in fact used in a sense synonymous with ‘overrule’ throughout the sections of the
Code dealing with the subject of certioraries.” Ray v. Cruce, 21 Ga. App. 539, 540
(94 S.E. 899) (1918). Thus, “if the certiorari is dismissed in the sense that it is
overruled, and consequently a final decision can properly be entered in the case, then
such a judgment can also be taken against the surety on the certiorari bond.” Id.
(citation omitted). The trial court’s dismissal here for GLC’s failure to file an answer
was not a dismissal in the sense that it overruled the petition. Instead, it was a
dismissal on procedural grounds.
When a superior court dismisses a petition on procedural grounds, rather than
overrules it, it is without jurisdiction to enter a judgment on the merits. Ray, 21 Ga.
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App. at 540-541; Dykes v. Twiggs County., 115 Ga. 698, 700 (42 S.E. 36) (1902)
(where petition for certiorari was dismissed on procedural grounds, “there was really
no case at all lawfully before the superior court.”). In Kirkland v. Luke, we held that
[t]he petition for certiorari being void, the superior court had no power
concerning it except to dismiss it, and to enter a judgment for the costs
against the petitioner and his security on the certiorari bond. To this
extent the judgment is affirmed. But the further action of the court in
ordering a judgment against them to be entered for the sum recovered in
the [lower] court by the defendant in certiorari was erroneous, and is
reversed.
30 Ga. App. 203, 204 (4) (117 S.E. 259) (1923) (citations omitted) (emphasis
supplied).
In the instant case, after dismissing the petition, the superior court was without
power to adopt the final arbitration award below as its own judgment. That portion
of the order is vacated and reversed.
Judgment affirmed in part and reversed in part. Doyle, P. J., concurs;
McFadden, C.J., concurs dubiante.
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A19A2063. ULTRA GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. v. INAM
INTERNATIONAL, INC.
MCFADDEN, Chief Judge, concurring dubitante.
I concur dubitante1 in the majority opinion. While it is a correct application of
a longstanding rule of Georgia law, I doubt the soundness of that rule.
The rule at issue is that a superior court may dismiss a petition for writ of
certiorari if the inferior judicatory (the respondent) fails to answer because it is the
duty of the petitioner to see that the respondent files a timely answer. Our Supreme
Court articulated this rule in City of Atlanta v. Schaffer, 245 Ga. 164 (264 SE2d 6)
(1980):
1
“A concurrance dubitante is a concurrence that is given doubtfully. Unlike a
concurrence in the judgment only or a special concurrence without a statement of
agreement with all that is said, . . . a concurrence dubitante is a full concurrence,
albeit one with reservations.” Benefield v. Tominich, 308 Ga. App. 605, 611 n. 23
(708 SE2d 563) (2011) (Blackwell, J., concurring dubitante). See Jason J. Czamezki,
The Dubitante Opinion, 39 Akron L. Rev. 1 (2006).
It is well established that the plaintiff in certiorari to a superior court has
the duty of ascertaining whether the [respondent] has filed [an] answer
and, if not, to move the superior court to order it filed. . . . It has been
held that the failure of the [respondent] to file a proper answer will be
a sufficient reason to dismiss the certiorari, where no timely motion is
made to perfect the same. In such a case, a plaintiff in certiorari is at
fault in failing to make an appropriate motion in due time, and the
dismissal results from this fault, and not from the bare failure of the
[respondent] to file [the] answer.
Id. at 165-166 (citations and punctuation omitted). Citing a decision of this court that
relied on City of Atlanta v. Schaffer, the majority opinion correctly applies that rule
to affirm the dismissal of the petition in this case.
But the rule troubles me. It is not found anywhere in the statutes establishing
the procedure for obtaining certiorari to the superior court, OCGA §§ 5-4-1 through
5-4-20. None of those Code sections imposes a duty on a petitioner to ensure that the
respondent answers the petition or authorizes the superior court to dismiss the petition
if the petitioner does not satisfy that duty.
On the contrary, the rule stands in tension with what those Code provisions do
provide. OCGA § 5-4-3 provides that, once the petitioner files the petition and the
superior court sanctions it, the clerk of the superior court will issue a writ of certiorari
2
“requiring the [respondent judicatory] to certify and send up all of the proceedings
in the case to the superior court, as directed in the writ of certiorari.” (Emphasis
supplied.) That occurred in this case. OCGA § 5-4-7 requires the respondent to timely
make this answer to the writ of certiorari. See generally Herault v. Dept. of Human
Resources, 137 Ga. App. 446, 446-447 (1) 224 SE2d 480) (1976) (under current
statutes governing certiorari to superior court, respondent’s “answer” is the sending
up of proceedings). And if the respondent’s answer is insufficient, OCGA § 5-4-9
permits, but notably does not require, the petitioner to challenge that answer within
a certain period after the answer is filed. See generally Williamson v. City of
Tallapoosa, 238 Ga. 522, 523-524 (233 SE2d 777) (1977) (explaining that, under an
earlier version of the statute, a petitioner was required to traverse an insufficient
answer, but the petitioner is no longer required to do so).
Contrary to the procedure set forth in these Code sections, the rule at issue in
this case places the ultimate responsibility of ensuring an answer from the respondent
upon the petitioner, and it demands that the petitioner ask the superior court to issue
a second order requiring the respondent to send up the record of the lower
proceedings.
3
This rule is a judicial invention. It appears to date back to a 1902 decision of
our Supreme Court, Fain v. Shy, 115 Ga. 765 (42 S.E. 94) (1902). That decision states,
in its entirety: “There being no proper answer to the writ of certiorari, and no motion
looking to the obtaining of such an answer, there was no error in dismissing the
petition for the writ.” Id. It provides no citation of authority for the rule.
Although the rule has been applied regularly since then, it often has been
applied in procedural circumstances where it was less draconian than here. For
example, it has been applied when no writ of certiorari was served, see Hendricks v.
State, 70 Ga. App. 805 (29 SE2d 447) (1944), and when the respondent filed an
incomplete answer and the version of the statute in effect at that time demanded
(rather than permitted) that the petitioner traverse the answer in that circumstance.
See Tyner v. Leake, 117 Ga. 990 (44 S.E. 812) (1903).
I am not the first to question the application of this rule where a respondent
judicatory, properly served with the writ of certiorari, simply does not comply.
Addressing similar circumstances, Judge Townsend of this court wrote: “I concur in
the result [affirming a dismissal of certiorari] because, while the rule stated in the
majority is clearly imposed by a long line of precedents, I consider it to be harsh and
4
illogical.” Turner v. State, 85 Ga. App. 609 (70 SE2d 45) (1952) (Townsend, J.,
specially concurring).
This harsh and illogical rule is a trap for the unwary. A litigant should be able
to pick up the Code and figure out how to proceed. Either our Supreme Court should
abolish the rule permitting dismissal if a petitioner does not meet this extra-statutory
requirement or our General Assembly should amend the statute.
But those are not jobs for this court. So I concur dubitante.
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