State v. George Albert Shuck, Jr.

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF IDAHO
Docket No. 44043
STATE OF IDAHO, ) 2016 Unpublished Opinion No. 742
)
Plaintiff-Respondent, ) Filed: October 20, 2016
)
v. ) Stephen W. Kenyon, Clerk
)
GEORGE ALBERT SHUCK, JR., ) THIS IS AN UNPUBLISHED
) OPINION AND SHALL NOT
Defendant-Appellant. ) BE CITED AS AUTHORITY
)
Appeal from the District Court of the Third Judicial District, State of Idaho,
Canyon County. Hon. Juneal C. Kerrick, District Judge.
Judgment of conviction for felony driving under the influence, affirmed.
Eric D. Fredericksen, Interim State Appellate Public Defender; Brian R. Dickson,
Deputy Appellate Public Defender, Boise, for appellant.
Hon. Lawrence G. Wasden, Attorney General; Jessica M. Lorello, Deputy
Attorney General, Boise, for respondent.
________________________________________________
MELANSON, Chief Judge
George Albert Shuck, Jr. appeals from his judgment of conviction for felony driving
while under the influence of alcohol (DUI). Specifically, Shuck asserts that the district court
erred in denying his motion in limine seeking to exclude a prior DUI offense. For the reasons set
forth below, we affirm.
Shuck was charged with felony DUI, based on prior DUI convictions. I.C. §§ 18-8004
and 18-8005(6). One of Shuck’s prior convictions was under an Arizona DUI statute. The prior
Arizona conviction was enhanced pursuant to an Arizona statute allowing a felony enhancement
where the accused was driving with a suspended license. Idaho does not have a corresponding
enhancement.
1
Pursuant to I.C. § 18-8005(6), a conviction under I.C. § 18-8004(1)(a), (b), or (c) is
enhanced to a felony where the defendant had two or more prior DUI convictions within ten
years. Specifically, two prior violations of a foreign statute substantially conforming to I.C.
§ 18-8004(1)(a), (b), or (c) cause a conviction under I.C. § 18-8004 to be a felony. Whether a
foreign statute is substantially conforming is a question of law to be determined by the court.
I.C. § 18-8005(8). Likewise, the construction and application of a statute is a question of law
over which this Court exercises free review. State v. Shock, 133 Idaho 753, 755, 992 P.2d 202,
204 (Ct. App. 1999).
On appeal, Shuck asserts that his Arizona DUI conviction cannot be the basis for a felony
enhancement in Idaho because the applicable Arizona statute is not substantially conforming to
I.C. § 18-8004. Specifically, Shuck asserts the Arizona enhancement statute is not substantially
conforming because there is no corresponding offense in Idaho’s statutory scheme. Shuck makes
his assertion mindful of this Court’s holding in State v. Schmoll, 144 Idaho 800, 172 P.3d 555
(Ct. App. 2007). In Schmoll, we specifically held that I.C. § 18-8005(8) expressly provides that
the comparison is between I.C. § 18-8004 and the foreign state statute for the corresponding DUI
offense, not the enhancement. Schmoll, 144 Idaho at 805, 172 P.3d at 560. Accordingly, the
determination of whether the Arizona DUI statute is substantially conforming to the Idaho DUI
statute is independent from the consideration of whether the violation results in a misdemeanor
or felony charge. It only matters whether the Arizona DUI statute is substantially conforming to
the Idaho DUI statute.
In determining whether a foreign statute is substantially conforming to I.C. § 18-8004,
the focus is the actual elements of the crime. State v. Moore, 148 Idaho 887, 898, 231 P.3d 532,
543 (Ct. App. 2010). Where a foreign statute prohibits the same essential conduct as I.C.
§ 18-8004, it is substantially conforming. Moore, 148 Idaho at 898, 231 P.3d at 543. Here, the
Idaho and Arizona statutes prohibit the same conduct and use substantially similar language.1
1
The Arizona DUI statute makes it unlawful for a person to: (1) operate a motor vehicle;
(2) in the state; and (3) with a BAC of .08 or above within two hours of driving or being in actual
physical control of the vehicle and the alcohol concentration results from alcohol consumed
either before or while driving or being in actual physical control of the vehicle. Ariz. Rev. Stat.
Ann. § 28-1383(A)(1) (2016). The Idaho DUI statute makes it unlawful to: (1) drive or be in
actual physical control of a vehicle; (2) in the state; (3) upon a highway, street or bridge or upon
2
The only difference between the Idaho and Arizona statutes is that the Arizona statute has a
two-hour time limit and a requirement that the accused must have consumed the alcohol prior to
driving. These distinctions are the same distinctions this Court analyzed between the Idaho and
North Dakota statutes in Moore, where we determined the foreign statute was substantially
conforming. Thus, the Arizona statute prohibiting driving under the influence is substantially
conforming to I.C. § 18-8004. Accordingly, the Arizona DUI was a proper basis for an
enhancement under I.C. § 18-8005(6), and the district court did not err in denying Shuck’s
motion in limine. Shuck’s judgment of conviction for felony DUI is affirmed.
Judge GUTIERREZ and Judge GRATTON, CONCUR.
public or private property open to the public; and (4) while having an alcohol concentration of
.08 or more. I.C. § 18-8004.
3