Noonan v. Illinois Workers' Compensation Comm'n

2016 IL App (1st) 152300WCFILED: October 21, 2016
NO. 1-15-2300WC
IN THE APPELLATE COURT
OF ILLINOIS
FIRST DISTRICT
WORKERS' COMPENSATION COMMISSION DIVISION
TERRY NOONAN, ) Appeal from
) Circuit Court of
Plaintiff-Appellant,
) Cook County
v. ) No. 13L50026
THE ILLINOIS WORKERS' COMPENSATION ) 13L50029
COMMISSION et al. (City of Chicago, Appellee). )
) Honorable
) Robert Lopez Cepero,
) Judge Presiding.
JUSTICE HARRIS delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Justices Hoffman and Hudson concurred in the judgment and opinion.
Presiding Justice Holdridge specially concurred, with opinion.
Justice Stewart dissented, with opinion.
OPINION
¶1 In April 2008, claimant, Terry Noonan, filed an application for adjustment of
claim pursuant to the Workers' Compensation Act (Act) (820 ILCS 305/1 to 30 (West 2006)),
alleging he sustained a work-related injury to his right wrist on March 31, 2008, and seeking
benefits from the employer, the City of Chicago. Following a hearing, the arbitrator determined
claimant failed to prove that he sustained an injury arising out of his employment and denied him
benefits. The Illinois Workers' Compensation Commission (Commission) affirmed and adopted
the arbitrator's decision; however, on judicial review, the circuit court of Cook County reversed
and remanded to the Commission for an award of benefits to claimant.
2016 IL App (1st) 152300WC¶2 On remand, the Commission, again, affirmed and adopted the arbitrator's denial
of benefits. It also provided a more detailed explanation of its decision. On review, the circuit
court entered an order finding its previous order "was in error" and the Commission's initial deci-
sion should have been confirmed. The court held its previous remand order was "of no conse-
quence." Claimant filed a motion to reconsider the court's decision, which the court denied. He
now appeals, arguing the Commission's finding that he failed to prove he sustained an injury
arising out of his employment and its denial of benefits was against the manifest weight of the
evidence. We reverse in part, vacate in part, and reinstate the Commission's original decision.
¶3 I. BACKGROUND
¶4 At arbitration, claimant testified he initially worked for the employer as a "motor
truck driver." However, he sustained a work-related injury to his back that resulted in permanent
restrictions and rendered him unable to perform the job duties for that position. Approximately
three months prior to the accidental injury at issue on appeal, claimant began working for the
employer as a "clerk." He testified the duties associated with that position included filling out
forms called "truck driver sheets" and answering the phone when no one else was available. It
took him approximately five minutes to fill out each form and he typically worked each day from
7 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.
¶5 Claimant asserted that, on March 31, 2008, he was injured while working for the
employer as a clerk. He described the incident resulting in his injury as follows:
"I was filling out a truck sheet and I made a mistake. I got out of
my chair, grabbed another sheet, sat down, and I believe when I sat
down, I put my elbow on the desk, knocked the pen off, pen fell to
my right. So I put my left hand on top of the desk, and I'm sitting
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2016 IL App (1st) 152300WCin a chair just like [the court reporter] here, and when I went and
reached to my right, I didn't know that the chair got up on its
wheel. So[,] just as I was maybe about two inches or [an] inch
from picking the pen up off the floor, the chair went out from un-
derneath me. I stuck my right hand out to brace my fall."
Claimant testified his right hand came into contact with the floor and "it felt like [he] jammed it."
He felt pain and ultimately sought and received medical treatment, including surgery, for an inju-
ry to his right wrist.
¶6 On cross-examination, claimant denied that the rolling chair he had been sitting in
had been positioned on a slope or a slant. He stated he "went over sideways to [his] right" when
attempting to retrieve the pen he dropped, noting he could not bend forward because he had un-
dergone disk replacement surgery. Further, he stated he thought the incident involved an ordi-
nary fall.
¶7 On April 20, 2012, the arbitrator issued a decision, finding claimant failed to
prove his right wrist injury arose out of his employment and denying him benefits under the Act.
Specifically, the arbitrator determined claimant "failed to prove that the simple act of sitting in a
rolling chair and reaching for a pen exposed him to an increased risk of injury that was beyond
what members of the general public are regularly exposed to." On December 26, 2012, the
Commission affirmed and adopted the arbitrator's decision without further comment. Claimant
appealed, and, on March 14, 2014, the circuit court entered an order, reversing the Commission's
decision based on its "arising out of" analysis, and remanding the matter for an award of benefits
to claimant.
¶8 On December 26, 2014, the Commission issued a decision and opinion on re-
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2016 IL App (1st) 152300WCmand. It persisted in affirming and adopting the arbitrator's denial of benefits but provided addi-
tional reasoning for its finding that claimant failed to prove that his right wrist injury arose out of
his employment. Again, claimant sought judicial review. On March 12, 2015, the circuit court
ordered as follows:
"A. The [circuit court's] Order of March 14, 2014[,] was in
error. The Commission's decision should have been affirmed.
B. The March 14, 2014[,] Remand Order is of no conse-
quence."
The circuit court did not address the Commission's December 2014 decision and opinion on re-
mand. Claimant filed a motion to reconsider, which the court denied.
¶9 This appeal followed.
¶ 10 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 11 On appeal, claimant challenges the Commission's finding that he failed to estab-
lish an accidental injury arising out of his employment. However, prior to considering claimant's
arguments, we are compelled to comment on two portions of the path this claim has traveled.
First, we address the Commission's decision to ignore the circuit court's March 14, 2014, remand
order. In its decision dated December 26, 2014, the Commission addressed the circuit court's
remand order as follows:
"The Commission concludes the Circuit Court did not
make any findings based on the correct legal standard in determin-
ing the Commission's decision finding [claimant] failed to prove he
sustained an injury arising out of his employment was against the
manifest weight of the evidence. As the Circuit Court mistakenly
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2016 IL App (1st) 152300WCapplied erroneous legal standards in contradiction of the Act and
well established case law in determining that the Commission's
December 26, 2012[,] Decision was against the manifest weight of
the evidence, the Commission is foreclosed from applying the Or-
der of the Circuit Court here, as doing so would require us to de-
part from well established existing authority."
Its frustration notwithstanding, the Commission could not simply ignore the circuit court's order.
No matter how defective the circuit court's reasoning may have been, the Commission was
charged with following the court's order, reversing the Commission and ordering it to award
benefits. See Northwestern University, v. Industrial Comm'n, 409 Ill. 216, 219, 99 N.E.2d 18, 20
(1951) ("The [C]ommission was, of course, required to follow the directions of the [circuit]
court, but upon review in this court the whole record is open, and we have jurisdiction to pass
upon the correctness of the order remanding the case to the *** Commission."); People ex rel.
Campo v. Matchett, 394 Ill. 464, 469, 68 N.E.2d 747, 749 (1946) ("Where a cause is remanded
by a court of review to a lower court with directions to enter a certain order or decree, the latter
court has no discretion but to enter the decree as directed.").
¶ 12 Second we address the circuit court's March 12, 2015, order from which claimant
appeals. The court entered that order after claimant sought judicial review of the Commission's
December 2014 decision and opinion on remand. In the order, the court found the Commission's
original decision should have been upheld and held its previous order, reversing and remanding
to the Commission, was "of no consequence."
¶ 13 We note "[a] circuit court's jurisdiction to review a decision of the Commission is
a 'special statutory power' " and "must be exercised within the limits prescribed by the relevant
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2016 IL App (1st) 152300WCstatute." Illinois State Treasurer v. Workers' Compensation Comm'n, 2013 IL App (1st)
120549WC, ¶ 27, 2 N.E.3d 351. Under the Act, a circuit court "may confirm or set aside the
decision of the Commission" on judicial review. 820 ILCS 305/19(f)(2) (West 2006).
¶ 14 In this instance, the circuit court acted without authority when ordering that the
Commission's original decision should have been upheld and its previous order was "of no con-
sequence." The matter was before the court for purposes of reviewing the Commission's deci-
sion and opinion on remand and the court was limited by the Act to confirming or setting aside
that decision. The court should not have addressed previous orders entered in the matter by ei-
ther it or the Commission.
¶ 15 Although we find the circuit court committed error in connection with its March
2015 order, that error does not affect our review of the matter. "Where, as here, the [circuit]
court reverses the Commission's initial decision and the Commission enters a new decision on
remand, this court must decide whether the Commission's initial decision was proper." Vogel v.
Industrial Comm'n, 354 Ill. App. 3d 780, 785-86, 821 N.E.2d 807, 812 (2005). Thus, we turn to
the merits of claimant's appeal and consider the propriety of the Commission's initial decision.
¶ 16 "To obtain compensation under the Act, a claimant bears the burden of showing,
by a preponderance of the evidence, that he has suffered a disabling injury which arose out of
and in the course of his employment." Sisbro, Inc. v. Industrial Comm'n, 207 Ill. 2d 193, 203,
797 N.E.2d 665, 671 (2003). "Whether an injury arises out of and in the course of the claimant's
employment is a question of fact to be resolved by the Commission, and we will not disturb its
determination unless it is against the manifest weight of the evidence." Metropolitan Water Rec-
lamation District of Greater Chicago v. Workers' Compensation Comm'n, 407 Ill. App. 3d 1010,
1013, 944 N.E.2d 800, 803 (2011). "A finding of fact is contrary to the manifest weight of the
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2016 IL App (1st) 152300WCevidence only where an opposite conclusion is clearly apparent." Id.¶ 17 " 'In the course of employment' refers to the time, place and circumstances sur-
rounding the injury." Sisbro, 207 Ill. 2d at 203, 797 N.E.2d at 671. In this instance, there is no
dispute that claimant's accident occurred "in the course" of his employment. The sole issue pre-
sented on appeal, is whether the Commission erred in finding claimant's accident was not one
"arising out of" of his employment.
¶ 18 "The 'arising out of' component is primarily concerned with causal connection"
and is satisfied when the claimant shows "that the injury had its origin in some risk connected
with, or incidental to, the employment so as to create a causal connection between the employ-
ment and the accidental injury." Id. at 203, 797 N.E.2d at 672.
"Stated otherwise, 'an injury arises out of one's employment if, at
the time of the occurrence, the employee was performing acts he
was instructed to perform by his employer, acts which he had a
common law or statutory duty to perform, or acts which the em-
ployee might reasonably be expected to perform incident to his as-
signed duties. [Citation.] A risk is incidental to the employment
where it belongs to or is connected with what an employee has to
do in fulfilling his duties.' " Id. at 204, 797 N.E.2d at 672 (quoting
Caterpillar Tractor Co. v. Industrial Comm'n, 129 Ill. 2d 52, 58,
541 N.E.2d 667 (1989)).
"For an injury to have arisen out of the employment, the risk of injury must be a risk peculiar to
the work or a risk to which the employee is exposed to a greater degree than the general public
by reason of his employment." Orsini v. Industrial Comm'n, 117 Ill. 2d 38, 45, 509 N.E.2d
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2016 IL App (1st) 152300WC1005, 1008 (1987). "[I]f the injury results from a hazard to which the employee would have
been equally exposed apart from the employment, or a risk personal to the employee, it is not
compensable." Caterpillar, 129 Ill. 2d at 59, 541 N.E.2d at 667.
¶ 19 Consistent with these principles, this court has categorized the risks to which an
employee may be exposed as: "(1) risks that are distinctly associated with the employment; (2)
risks that are personal to the employee; and (3) neutral risks that do not have any particular em-
ployment or personal characteristics." Metropolitan, 407 Ill. App. 3d at 1014, 944 N.E.2d at
804. As indicated by the relevant case authority, employment-related risks are compensable
while personal risks typically are not. Further, "[i]njuries resulting from a neutral risk generally
do not arise out of the employment and are compensable under the Act only where the employee
was exposed to the risk to a greater degree than the general public." Id. "Such an increased risk
may be either qualitative, such as some aspect of the employment which contributes to the risk,
or quantitative, such as when the employee is exposed to a common risk more frequently than
the general public." Id.¶ 20 Initially, claimant maintains his right wrist injury was compensable because it re-
sulted from an employment-related risk. Specifically, he contends his accidental injuries arose
out of his employment because the act he was performing at the time of his accident—attempting
to retrieve a pen he had been using to fill out forms—was "in furtherance of his duties" for the
employer. Claimant maintains this act was "incidental to his employment." We disagree.
¶ 21 Here, claimant's job duties as a clerk required him to fill out forms and occasion-
ally answer telephone calls. He was injured at work when the rolling chair he was sitting in
"went out from underneath" him as he reached to retrieve a dropped pen. Although claimant was
at work, the act he was performing when injured—reaching for a dropped item while sitting in a
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2016 IL App (1st) 152300WCchair—was not one he was instructed to perform or had a duty to perform. Contrary to claim-
ant's assertions, we also find the act described was not incidental to his assigned duties. In par-
ticular, the act of reaching to the floor while sitting in a chair was not required by claimant's job
duties. The fact that he was reaching to retrieve a dropped pen and used a pen to fill out forms
does not warrant an opposite conclusion. The risk of injury at issue was simply not one "dis-
tinctly associated" with claimant's employment.
¶ 22 We note claimant primarily relies on four cases to support his position that his
injury resulted from an employment-related risk. In Young v. Illinois Workers' Compensation
Comm'n, 2014 IL App (4th) 130392WC, ¶ 4-5, 13 N.E.3d 1252, the claimant was a parts inspec-
tor who injured his shoulder while reaching into a deep, narrow box to retrieve a part for inspec-
tion. Ultimately, this court found the claimant's injury resulted from an employment-related risk
and reversed the Commission's denial of benefits. Id. ¶ 22-23. In so holding, we determined the
claimant's actions when injured—reaching and stretching his arm into a deep, narrow box to re-
trieve a part for inspection—were necessary for the fulfillment of his job duties and, thus, dis-
tinctly associated with the claimant's employment. Id. ¶ 28.
¶ 23 In Autumn Accolade v. Illinois Workers' Compensation Comm'n, 2013 IL App
(3d) 120588WC, ¶ 3, 990 N.E.2d 901, the claimant worked for the employer as a caregiver at its
assisted-care facility and was responsible for helping residents with the activities of daily living.
While assisting a resident in the shower and holding onto the resident, the claimant reached to
remove a soap dish that she believed posed a safety hazard and felt a "pop" in her neck. Id. ¶ 4.
We upheld the Commission's finding that the claimant's injury arose out of her employment, stat-
ing the "claimant sustained the injury at issue while attempting to ensure the safety of a resident
at the assisted living facility, an act which claimant might reasonably be expected to perform in-
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2016 IL App (1st) 152300WCcident to her assigned duties." Id. ¶ 18.
¶ 24 In O'Fallon School District No. 90 v. Industrial Comm'n, 313 Ill. App. 3d 413,
414-15, 729 N.E.2d 523, 524 (2000), the claimant was a teacher who was assigned to hall duty.
She was responsible for "insuring the safety" of students and teachers in the hallways and "was
assigned specifically the task of stopping children from running in the hallways." Id. at 416, 729
N.E.2d at 526. The claimant was injured when she noticed a student running in the hall and
turned and twisted her body to pursue the student. Id. This court determined the claimant's inju-
ry had its origin in a risk arising out of her employment, in that she had been "ordered specifical-
ly to undertake the risk of pursuing a running student." Id. at 417, 729 N.E.2d at 526.
¶ 25 Finally, in Homerding v. Industrial Comm'n, 327 Ill. App. 3d 1050, 1052, 765
N.E.2d 1064, 1066, (2002), the claimant worked for the employer as a nail technician and was
injured when she slipped on ice in a parking lot while retrieving work-related supplies from her
vehicle. We held the claimant's accident arose out of her employment, stating she "was required
to park in the rear of employer's business on a lot employer financially contributed to maintain,
and she needed certain supplies to perform her job." Id. at 1054, 765 N.E.2d at 1068-69. Fur-
ther, we stated that: "But for the demands of her job, [the claimant] would not have needed to
make a second trip to her car nor negotiate the ice between her car and the salon door while car-
rying a large case. Her risk of injury accordingly was greater than that of the general public."
Id. at 1054, 765 N.E.2d at 1069.
¶ 26 We find each of these cases factually distinguishable from the present case. Ini-
tially, we note Homerding appears to have been based on a neutral-risk analysis as we described
the claimant's risk of injury as being greater than that of the general public. Thus, it does not ad-
vance claimant's position that he was injured as the result of an employment risk. Further, the
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2016 IL App (1st) 152300WCfacts in Young, Autumn Accolade, and O'Fallon each show that the claimant was performing acts
his or her employer might reasonably have expected the claimant to perform when fulfilling his
or her job duties—a parts inspector reaching into a box to retrieve a part for inspection (Young),
a caregiver reaching to remove a safety hazard while holding onto an individual in the shower
(Autumn Accolade), and a hall monitor turning and twisting to pursue a running student (O'Fal-
lon). Evidence presented in this case failed to similarly establish claimant's actions—reaching to
retrieve a dropped object while sitting in a chair—were acts the employer might reasonably have
expected him to perform incident to his clerk duties.
¶ 27 We decline to find claimant's risk of injury in the present case was distinctly asso-
ciated with his work for the employer. Instead, we find the risk of falling from a chair while
reaching to the floor is one which claimant would have been equally exposed to apart from his
work for the employer. Thus, it presents a neutral risk and is compensable only when claimant
establishes he was quantitatively or qualitatively exposed to the risk to a greater degree than the
general public. On appeal, claimant argues he was qualitatively subjected to a greater risk than
that of the general public because he was injured while attempting to pick up a writing instru-
ment that was essential to the completion of his job duties. Again, we disagree.
¶ 28 Initially, we note that when addressing the neutral-risk analysis, claimant cites to
several Commission decisions to support his argument. However, decisions of the Commission
in unrelated cases are not precedential authority in cases before this court. S & H Floor Cover-
ing, Inc. v. Workers' Compensation Comm'n, 373 Ill. App. 3d 259, 266, 870 N.E.2d 821, 826
(2007). They should not be cited by the parties on appeal, and we decline to consider them.
¶ 29 This court has stated that "[e]mployment related risks associated with injuries sus-
tained as a consequence of a fall are those to which the general public is not exposed such as the
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2016 IL App (1st) 152300WCrisk of tripping on a defect at the employer's premises, falling on uneven or slippery ground at
the work site, or performing some work related task which contributes to the risk of falling."
First Cash Financial Services v. Industrial Comm'n, 367 Ill. App. 3d 102, 106, 853 N.E.2d 799,
804 (2006). Here, no evidence was presented as to any defective condition on the employer's
premises, which would have contributed to claimant's injury. Specifically, the evidence reflected
only that claimant had been sitting in an ordinary chair and on an ordinary surface.
¶ 30 Additionally, we do not find any work-related task contributed to his risk of fall-
ing. In this instance, claimant points to the fact that he was reaching for a pen to use in filling
out forms as an aspect of his employment which contributed to his risk of injury. However, the
risk posed from reaching for a pen while sitting in a rolling chair is no greater than if claimant
had been reaching to retrieve any other object, including one wholly personal to him. As a re-
sult, we find claimant's employment did not expose him to a neutral risk to a greater degree than
the general public.
¶ 31 Claimant further argues he was "clearly exposed to a risk that was greater than
that of the general public" because he suffered a previous work-related back injury, which he tes-
tified prohibited him from bending forward and required him to bend "sideways to [his] right" to
pick up the dropped pen. He maintains these facts clearly connect his right wrist injury to his
employment. Claimant cites Interlake, Inc. v. Industrial Comm'n, 161 Ill. App. 3d 704, 515
N.E.2d 202 (1987), to support his argument.
¶ 32 In that case, the claimant worked for the employer as a motor inspector and in-
jured his back in a work-related accident. Id. at 706, 515 N.E.2d at 203. The claimant testified
that, after returning to work following that initial accident, he sustained a further injury to his
back when he bent over to pick up a screwdriver at his foreman's request. Id. Ultimately, this
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2016 IL App (1st) 152300WCcourt determined the claimant's accident arose out of his employment. Id. at 711, 515 N.E.2d at
206. In so holding, we rejected an argument by the employer that "the act of bending over is a
personal, routine activity and that we should not consider claimant's prior work-related accident."
Id. at 711-12, 515 N.E.2d at 207. We concluded the second accident could not be considered in
isolation and since the claimant's first accident appeared "to be a compensable, work-related in-
jury, 'the subsequent progression of that condition remains compensable so long as the worsen-
ing is not shown to have been produced by an independent nonindustrial cause.' " Id. at 712, 515
N.E.2d at 207 (quoting 1 A. Larson, Workmen's Compensation sec. 13.11(a), at 3-354 (1985)).
¶ 33 Again, we find Interlake distinguishable from the facts presented here. Notably,
this case does not involve multiple injuries to the same body part. Rather, evidence showed
claimant's previous work injury concerned a condition of ill-being in his back while his second
injury involved his right wrist. Thus, unlike Interlake, the claim at issue on appeal does not in-
volve the "progression" of a work-related injury. Additionally, although claimant testified his
back injury caused him to bend to the right rather than forward to pick up the pen he dropped, no
evidence was presented that bending to the right increased claimant's risk of falling over in the
rolling chair when reaching to the floor. Without such evidence, we cannot say claimant's previ-
ous work-related back injury was causally related to his subsequent accident and right wrist inju-
ry.
¶ 34 Finally, we find the circumstances of this case more similar to cases relied upon
by the employer. First, in Board of Trustees v. Industrial Comm'n, 44 Ill. 2d 207, 209, 254
N.E.2d 522, 523 (1969), the claimant was a teaching assistant who heard a noise while seated at
his desk, turned in his chair, and "heard 'something snap' in his back." On review, the supreme
court found no evidence of a causal connection between the claimant's employment and his acci-
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2016 IL App (1st) 152300WCdental injury, stating as follows:
"The appellant simply turned in his chair and suffered the injury.
There was no suggestion that the chair was defective or unusual in
any way. The medical evidence was that because of its degenerat-
ed condition any simple and normal activity would have caused the
appellant's disc to rupture. The injury was not caused by a risk in-
cidental to the employment." Id. at 214-15, 254 N.E.2d at 526.
¶ 35 Second, in Hopkins v. Industrial Comm'n, 196 Ill. App. 3d 347, 348, 553 N.E.2d
732, 733 (1990), the claimant worked for the employer as a police sergeant and was responsible
for training another officer. He injured his back when the trainee officer asked him a question
and the claimant turned in his chair to answer. Id. In finding the claimant's back injury did not
arise out of his employment, we stated as follows:
"This case is very similar to [Board of Trustees]. Here, claimant
'simply turned in his chair and suffered injury. There was no sug-
gestion that the chair was defective or unusual in any way.' There
is no definite proof that claimant's gun and holster caught on the
chair as he turned. More is required than the fact that an accident
occurred at claimant's workplace." Id. at 351-52, 553 N.E.2d at
735.
Ultimately, we found the claimant's injury resulted from a non-compensable personal risk. Id. at
352, 553 N.E.2d at 735.
¶ 36 In both Board of Trustees and Hopkins, the act of turning in a chair, without more,
was insufficient to warrant a finding of compensability. Similarly, claimant's action of bending
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2016 IL App (1st) 152300WCover or reaching while seated in his work chair, without more, is insufficient to establish a work-
related cause to his accidental injury. Under the circumstances presented we find no error in the
Commission's finding that claimant failed to establish an injury arising out of his employment.
Its decision was not against the manifest weight of the evidence.
¶ 37 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 38 For the reasons stated, we reverse the circuit court's March 14, 2014, judgment,
reversing the Commission's initial decision and remanding to the Commission for an award of
benefits to claimant; vacate the Commission's December 26, 2014, decision and opinion on re-
mand; vacate the circuit court's March 12, 2014, decision, finding its previous remand order was
"of no consequence"; and reinstate the Commission's initial December 26, 2012, decision.
¶ 39 Reversed in part and vacated in part; original Commission decision reinstated.
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2016 IL App (1st) 152300WC¶ 40 PRESIDING JUSTICE HOLDRIDGE, specially concurring.
¶ 41 I join in the majority’s judgment and analysis. I write separately to expand upon
the majority’s discussion of our decisions in Young v. Illinois Workers’ Compensation Comm’n,
2014 IL App (4th) 130392WC, and Autumn Accolade v. Illinois Workers’ Compensation
Comm’n, 2013 IL App (3d) 120588WC (see supra ¶¶ 22-23, 26), and to clarify the legal analysis
that should have applied those cases. The majority concludes that Young and Autumn Accolade
are distinguishable from the instant case because, in each of those cases, the claimant was injured
while performing acts that the employer might reasonably have expected the claimant to perform
incidental to his or her job duties. Supra ¶ 26. However, even if I were to reject that distinction
and find this case analogous to Young and Autumn Accolade, I would nevertheless decline to rely
upon those cases because, in my view, they apply an incorrect analysis. A claimant may not ob-
tain benefits for injuries caused by activities of everyday living (such as bending, reaching, or
stooping), even if he was ordered or instructed to perform those activities as part of his job du-
ties, unless the claimant’s job “required him to perform those activities more frequently than
members of a the general public or in a manner that increased the risk.” Adcock v. Illinois Work-
ers’ Compensation Comm’n, 2015 IL App (2d) 130884WC, ¶ 39. In other words, such injuries
should be analyzed under neutral risk principles. Although both Young and Autumn Accolade
involved injuries stemming from the performance of everyday activities, neither case applied a
neutral risk analysis. Accordingly, I am now of the opinion that Young and Autumn Accolade
were wrongly decided, and I would decline to follow them. See Adcock, 2015 IL App (2d)
130884WC, ¶ 41 n.2.
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2016 IL App (1st) 152300WC¶ 42 JUSTICE STEWART, dissenting.
¶ 43 I respectfully dissent from the opinion of my distinguished colleagues.
¶ 44 As the majority notes, a risk is distinctly associated with a worker's employment
"if, at the time of the occurrence, the employee was performing acts he was instructed to perform
by his employer, acts which he had a common law or statutory duty to perform, or acts which the
employee might reasonably be expected to perform incident to his assigned duties." Caterpillar
Tractor Co. v. Industrial Comm'n, 129 Ill. 2d 52, 58, 541 N.E.2d 665, 667 (1989). However, the
majority then determines that an employer would not reasonably expect a clerical worker to bend
over to pick up a dropped pen. This finding defies common sense. In my view, any employer
should reasonably expect a clerical employee to bend over and pick up a dropped pen. Accord-
ingly, I would find that the acts that resulted in the claimant's injury were distinctly associated
with his employment.
¶ 45 I must also note that I disagree with Justice Holdridge's special concurrence. De-
spite my disagreement with the majority's categorization of the risk involved in this case, I be-
lieve that the majority employed the correct analysis by first determining whether the claimant's
injury resulted from an employment risk. See Young v. Illinois Workers' Compensation Comm'n,
2014 IL App (4th) 130392WC, ¶ 23, 13 N.E.3d 1252 ("when a claimant is injured due to an em-
ployment-related risk *** it is unnecessary to perform a neutral-risk analysis"). Further, in my
view, if a worker is injured performing an everyday activity, such as "bending over," and that
activity is incidental to his employment, the injury results from an employment risk, and a neu-
tral-risk analysis should not be employed. In other words, I adhere to the views expressed in my
special concurrence in Adcock v. Illinois Workers' Compensation Comm'n, 2015 IL App (2d)
130884WC, ¶¶ 48-66, 38 N.E.3d 587 (Stewart, J., specially concurring).
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2016 IL App (1st) 152300WC¶ 46 Accordingly, I would reverse the original decision of the Commission and remand
to the Commission for an award of benefits.
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