People v. Bensen

2017 IL App (2d) 150085No. 2-15-0085
Opinion filed August 4, 2017
____________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
SECOND DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
OF ILLINOIS, ) of Lake County.
)
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
)
v. ) No. 13-CF-757
)
BEVERLY BENSEN, ) Honorable
) Daniel B. Shanes,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE ZENOFF delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Justices Burke and Birkett concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶1 Defendant, Beverly Bensen, 1 appeals her conviction of aggravated identity theft (720
ILCS 5/16-30(b)(1) (West 2012)), following a jury trial in the circuit court of Lake County.
Defendant was also convicted of one count of theft (720 ILCS 5/16-1(a)(1)(A) (West 2012)) and
two counts of financial exploitation of an elderly person (720 ILCS 5/17-56(a) (West 2012)).
Those convictions were merged with the aggravated-identity-theft conviction. We reverse the
conviction of aggravated identity theft and remand with instructions to reinstate the convictions
1
In the record, defendant’s name is also listed as “Benson.” We use the name that she
gave in her testimony.
2017 IL App (2d) 150085of theft and financial exploitation of an elderly person and to sentence defendant on those
convictions.
¶2 I. BACKGROUND
¶3 The victim, John Cuneo, Jr., was approximately 80 years old when he hired defendant as
his personal secretary in September 2011. He later also made her his office manager. The nature
of Cuneo’s business was not made clear in the record, but he owned the “Hawthorn
Corporation,” which was headquartered in Grayslake, Illinois. In the winter, Cuneo lived in
Florida.
¶4 One of defendant’s duties was to pay Cuneo’s corporate and personal bills. Defendant
examined the bills and then made out the checks. She presented the checks for Cuneo’s
signature. Different checking accounts were used, depending upon the nature of each bill.
¶5 Cuneo furnished defendant with an American Express credit card that was to be used
only for corporate business. The credit card account, ending in 91008, was in the names of both
defendant and the corporation. The card that was issued to defendant bore a number that ended
in 14611, and that number identified defendant as the cardholder.
¶6 In December 2012, following a telephone call from his bank, Cuneo retained a retired
police detective, Michael Aiardo, to investigate defendant’s possible misuse of the American
Express card beginning the previous May. On March 21, 2013, Aiardo’s investigation caused
the Lake County State’s Attorney to charge defendant in an information with one count of
aggravated identity theft (count I), four counts of financial exploitation of an elderly person
(counts II-V), and one count of theft (count VI). At trial, the parties and the judge agreed to
submit only two verdict forms pertaining to the offense of financial exploitation of an elderly
person, as two of the counts were duplicates.
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2017 IL App (2d) 150085¶7 Count I alleged that defendant knowingly “used personal identifying information of
Cuneo, a person over the age of 60, being an account number, to fraudulently obtain goods.”
The matter was tried before a jury in September 2014. At trial, the State argued that defendant’s
unauthorized use of the American Express card with her name on it constituted the crime of
aggravated identity theft.
¶8 The following evidence was adduced at trial. Aiardo had worked for Cuneo as a driver
and personal assistant from April to October 2012. In several conversations during this period,
defendant indicated to Aiardo that Cuneo signed checks without realizing how much money he
had. Then, in December 2012, defendant told Aiardo that she charged some personal items on
Cuneo’s account, she was in trouble, and she did not know what to do.
¶9 Aiardo testified that Cuneo’s housekeeper, Mary Johnson, who later married Cuneo, and
Maria Hernandez, another employee, bought food for Cuneo’s household. Aiardo had never
seen defendant purchase groceries for Cuneo. Yet, in examining the bills incurred at Sunset
Foods, an upscale market, Aiardo discovered that defendant had charged $3,131.98 worth of
groceries. Aiardo also examined Cuneo’s American Express account and found that defendant
charged $24,498.63 worth of goods, including makeup, perfume, clothes for her daughter, two
iPads, a student computer, Xbox subscriptions, gaming systems, DVDs, and CDs. Defendant
also charged a payment to the University of Illinois, where her son was a student. Defendant
took her son to Cuneo’s dentist and charged the dentist visit to the American Express card.
Aiardo particularly noted a one-day shopping spree at Woodfield Mall in October 2012,
participated in by defendant, her daughter, Johnson, and Johnson’s daughter. Defendant charged
thousands of dollars’ worth of merchandise on that day to the American Express card.
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2017 IL App (2d) 150085¶ 10 The American Express records in evidence showed that, on different occasions,
defendant charged over $800 in one visit to Bed, Bath & Beyond and $80 in one visit to
Starbucks. There were charges from restaurants, T-Mobile, Macy’s, Petco, Target, Home Depot,
Godiva Chocolates, and a charge for $1,665.49 from Hobby Lobby, among others.
¶ 11 Aiardo testified that defendant rented a house from Cuneo pursuant to a written lease.
The rent was $1,080 per month. According to the lease, defendant was to pay for the utilities.
Due to defendant’s financial difficulties, Cuneo reduced the rent to $540 in lieu of giving
defendant a raise. Apparently, the parties executed a second lease reflecting this change. Bank
records showed that defendant made one rent payment. She filled out deposit slips indicating
that other rent payments were made, but there were no corresponding deposits of money into
Cuneo’s account. Bank records also showed that some of defendant’s ComEd bills were paid
from Cuneo’s account. According to Aiardo, the leases disappeared, even though all of Cuneo’s
other leases were in the proper filing cabinet.
¶ 12 Cuneo testified that he did not authorize defendant’s Sunset Food charges. He also
testified that he did not authorize defendant to charge her personal items on the American
Express card. In December 2012, when Cuneo asked defendant to send the financial records to
him in Florida, defendant called him and said that she had done nothing wrong but that, if he
suspected that she did, she would reimburse him. Regarding the Woodfield shopping trip, Cuneo
authorized Johnson’s purchases for Johnson and her daughter, but not defendant’s purchases for
her and her daughter.
¶ 13 Defendant testified that Cuneo authorized every charge, including the Sunset Foods
charges. Defendant justified the food purchases as relating to her duties, as she had to take over
many responsibilities that used to be done by others. According to defendant, Johnson, with
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2017 IL App (2d) 150085Cuneo’s permission, authorized defendant’s purchases during the Woodfield outing. Defendant
testified that the two iPads that she purchased were for business purposes. She further testified
that Cuneo forgave her rent obligation when she told him that her financial straits were dire.
According to defendant, Cuneo also authorized her to charge her son’s dentist visit. Defendant
claimed that, as a single mother, she could not afford a dentist. She pointed out that Cuneo was
worth “hundreds of millions.” Defendant admitted that she disguised the amounts of the
monthly American Express bills by getting weekly balances online and presenting those to
Cuneo for payment. On cross-examination, when the prosecutor asked her why she kept the two
iPads after her employment was terminated, defendant stated that she kept them for
“safekeeping.” Defendant had no explanation for why the leases went missing, even though she
was the office manager and no other leases were missing. She testified that the utilities for her
house were never in her name and that Aiardo had them put in her name after she was fired.
¶ 14 Defendant’s daughter, Tiffany Bensen, testified that she thanked Cuneo for all of the
purchases from the Woodfield spree and that he waved her off, as if approving them.
¶ 15 The State offered, without defendant’s objection, non-Illinois Pattern Jury Instructions
relating to the charge of aggravated identity theft. The instructions omitted the mental state of
knowledge (see 720 ILCS 5/16-30(a)(1) (West 2012)) and the definition of knowledge. The jury
found defendant guilty of all charges. The court granted defendant’s posttrial motion in part and
reduced the class of felony associated with each conviction. Finding that defendant fraudulently
obtained more than $300 from Cuneo, the court reduced the conviction of aggravated identity
theft from a Class 1 felony to a Class 2 felony, reduced the theft conviction to a Class 3 felony,
and reduced the financial-exploitation convictions to their “appropriate classifications.”
According to section 17-56(b) of the Criminal Code of 2012 (720 ILCS 5/17-56(b) (West 2012)),
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2017 IL App (2d) 150085the appropriate classification is a Class 3 felony. The court merged the theft and financial-
exploitation convictions into the aggravated-identity-theft conviction and sentenced defendant to
24 months’ probation, 18 months’ periodic imprisonment, and 100 hours of public service. The
court also ordered defendant to pay restitution in the amount of $6,383.18. Defendant filed a
timely appeal.
¶ 16 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 17 Defendant contends that she was not proved guilty of aggravated identity theft beyond a
reasonable doubt, because the State failed to prove that she used the personal identifying
information of “another person.” In the alternative, defendant asserts that she is entitled to a new
trial because the jury instructions on aggravated identity theft omitted the mental state required to
commit that offense.
¶ 18 To sustain a conviction, the State must prove every element of an offense beyond a
reasonable doubt. People v. Steele, 2014 IL App (1st) 121452, ¶ 20. When a defendant
challenges the sufficiency of the evidence, the reviewing court must determine whether, viewing
all of the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, any rational trier of fact could have
found the elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. People v. Collins, 214 Ill. 2d 206,
217 (2005).
¶ 19 A person commits aggravated identity theft when he or she commits identity theft against
a person 60 years or older. 720 ILCS 5/16-30(b)(1) (West 2012). A person commits identity
theft when he or she knowingly uses any personal identifying information of “another person” to
fraudulently obtain credit, money, goods, services, or other property. 720 ILCS 5/16-30(a)(1)
(West 2012). Defendant does not dispute that Cuneo was over 60 years of age. She also does
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2017 IL App (2d) 150085not dispute that she fraudulently obtained goods. However, defendant claims that she did not use
any personal identifying information of “another person” to accomplish her schemes.
¶ 20 “Personal identifying information” includes the number assigned to a person’s credit
card. 720 ILCS 5/16-0.1 (West 2012). The statute does not define “another person.” In this
case of first impression, defendant asks us to construe “another person” as meaning that the name
and number on a credit card must identify someone other than the accused as the cardholder. We
review issues of statutory construction de novo. People v. Hart, 313 Ill. App. 3d 939, 941
(2000).
¶ 21 The primary goal in construing a statute is to ascertain and give effect to the intent of the
legislature. Hart, 313 Ill. App. 3d at 941. We achieve this goal by giving the statutory language
its plain and ordinary meaning. Hart, 313 Ill. App. 3d at 941. Where the language is clear and
unambiguous, no further aids of statutory construction will be applied. Hart, 313 Ill. App. 3d at
941. Dictionaries can be used to discern the ordinary and popular definitions of words. People
v. Ellis, 296 Ill. App. 3d 862, 865 (1998).
¶ 22 Here, the facts are undisputed. The number on the American Express credit card that
Cuneo furnished to defendant corresponded to defendant’s name. Indeed, Aiardo referenced the
number on that card to identify the goods that defendant purchased using the card.
¶ 23 Defendant contends that she used her own “personal identifying information”—her own
credit card number—and that, therefore, the State failed to prove that the credit card number
belonged to “another person.” While the statute does not define “another person,” “another” is
defined as “one other than oneself.” Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 89 (1993).
Additionally, the gravamen of the crime of identity theft is misrepresenting oneself as someone
else. People v. Montoya, 373 Ill. App. 3d 78, 84 (2007). In Montoya, the defendant, who
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2017 IL App (2d) 150085obtained employment using someone else’s name and Social Security number, argued that she
did not fraudulently obtain money or services, because she earned the wages and insurance
benefits she received as part of her employment. Montoya, 373 Ill. App. 3d at 80. In affirming
the conviction, this court acknowledged that the defendant did not steal from her employer, but
we nevertheless held that she was guilty of identity theft, because she obtained her employment
by misrepresenting herself as someone else. Montoya, 373 Ill. App. 3d at 84-85. In
criminalizing identity theft, the legislature recognized the burden that misappropriating someone
else’s identity places on the economy. Montoya, 373 Ill. App. 3d at 85. In Montoya, we noted
that the person whose identity the defendant assumed was caused numerous financial difficulties
as a result of the defendant’s impersonation. Montoya, 373 Ill. App. 3d at 85. Thus, to be guilty
of identity theft, a defendant must knowingly misappropriate someone else’s identity, not just
obtain goods in an unauthorized manner.
¶ 24 Indeed, a defendant who uses his or her own personal identifying information to commit
a crime of deception is not guilty of identity theft. In State v. Zibulsky, 338 P.3d 750, 754 (Or.
Ct. App. 2014), the Oregon Court of Appeals reversed the defendant’s conviction of identity
theft where she withdrew funds from an account that she jointly owned with her father. The
State contended that the defendant unlawfully appropriated her father’s identity when she
withdrew the funds, but the court pointed out that the defendant did not use any personal
identifying information that was “not hers to use.” Zibulsky, 338 P.3d at 754.
¶ 25 Also, a defendant who benefits from another’s identity, but who does not misappropriate
it, is not guilty of identity theft. In State v. Ritter, 380 P.3d 1160 (Or. Ct. App. 2016), the
Oregon Court of Appeals reversed the defendant’s conviction of identity theft, holding that the
crime contemplates that the accused has acquired or claimed the “personal identification” of
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2017 IL App (2d) 150085another person by possessing or exercising some control over it. Ritter, 380 P.3d at 1163. In
Ritter, the defendant, an inmate who was prohibited from contacting his girlfriend, had a
cellmate make a telephone call to the defendant’s girlfriend, using the cellmate’s personal
identification number (PIN). Ritter, 380 P.3d at 1161. After the cellmate successfully placed the
call, he handed the telephone to the defendant. Ritter, 380 P.3d at 1161. The State argued that,
by taking the telephone from his cellmate, the defendant converted the cellmate’s PIN for his
own use. Ritter, 380 P.3d at 1161. In rejecting the State’s argument, the court of appeals noted
that the defendant did not possess or exercise control over the cellmate’s PIN. Ritter, 380 P.3d at
1164.
¶ 26 As the court in Zibulsky noted, identity theft criminalizes the use of another person’s
personal identification, but not one’s own. Zibulsky, 338 P.3d at 753. As in Zibulsky, defendant
used her own credit card number to make the unauthorized purchases. As in Ritter, defendant
did not exercise any control over a credit card number that was issued in someone else’s name.
¶ 27 Defendant relies on State v. Cotton, 2015-1623 (La. Ct. App. 2016); 194 So. 3d 69. In
Cotton, the court held that the State failed to prove the defendant guilty of identity theft where he
used a company credit card to fraudulently obtain money. Cotton, 12015-1623, p.2 . The court
reasoned that the card contained a number that uniquely identified the defendant as the
cardholder; therefore, the defendant did not use the personal identifying information of another
person, as required by the Louisiana statute. Cotton, 2015-1623, p.11.
¶ 28 In Cotton, the defendant’s employer, Grady Crawford Construction (Grady), allowed the
defendant the use of the credit card to purchase fuel for company vehicles only. Cotton, 2015-
1623, pp.3-4. The defendant’s name and that of Grady were imprinted on the card. Cotton,
2015-1623, p.3. While Grady was identified by the account number under which the card was
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2017 IL App (2d) 150085issued, the card itself contained a number that uniquely identified the defendant as the
cardholder. Cotton, 2015-1623, p. 11. The defendant used the card to fill other motorists’
vehicles with fuel, and then he intimidated the motorists into giving him cash. Cotton, 2015-
1623, pp. 2-3. The State argued that the defendant was guilty of identity theft, because Grady
was “another person” and was ultimately responsible for paying the credit card bills. Cotton,
2015-1623, p.9.
¶ 29 Louisiana’s identity-theft statute is substantially similar to ours: “[i]dentity theft is the
intentional use or possession or transfer or attempted use with fraudulent intent by any person of
any personal identifying information of another person” to obtain goods. Cotton, 2015-1623, p.
8; La. Stat. Ann. § 14:67.16(B). However, the Louisiana statute defines “another” person:
“ ‘[a]nother’ refers to any other person or legal entity.” Cotton, 2015-1623, p. 10; La. Stat. Ann.
§ 14:2(A)(1). The court of appeal agreed with the State that Grady was identified by the account
number, but it emphasized that the card itself contained a number that uniquely identified the
defendant as the cardholder. The court also noted that the card required the use of a PIN, which
was possibly known only by the defendant. Cotton, 2015-1623, p. 11. Under these facts, the
court concluded that the card personally identified the defendant in more ways than it did “any
other person.” Cotton, 2015-1623, p. 11.
¶ 30 Cotton is virtually indistinguishable from our case. Where there is no Illinois authority
on a particular issue, we may look to the decisions of courts of foreign jurisdictions to provide
persuasive authority for our analysis. In re Estate of Zenkus, 346 Ill. App. 3d 741, 746 (2004).
In our case, defendant was charged with “knowingly using the personal identifying information
of Cuneo, being his account number.” As in Cotton, both defendant and Cuneo’s corporation
were on the American Express account, but the credit card that defendant used to fraudulently
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2017 IL App (2d) 150085obtain goods identified defendant as the cardholder. Put simply, when defendant charged her
unauthorized purchases, she used the business credit card issued in her own name. Thus, she did
not misrepresent herself as someone else.
¶ 31 Indeed, the State concedes the correctness of this analysis. Nevertheless, the State
contends that defendant’s use of Cuneo’s checking account numbers to later pay for the
fraudulent charges constituted aggravated identity theft. The evidence showed that defendant
prepared the checks and presented them to Cuneo for his signature. We need not decide whether
that activity satisfies the elements of identity theft, because the State did not proceed on that
theory at trial. The State argued to the court in pretrial motions, and to the jury, solely that
defendant committed identity theft by exceeding her authority when she used the credit card for
personal purchases. We cannot consider the State’s alternative argument, as it violates due
process for the State to change its theory of prosecution on appeal. People v. Crespo, 203 Ill. 2d
335, 345 (2001). Accordingly, we reverse defendant’s conviction of aggravated identity theft.
We remand this cause with instructions to reinstate the convictions of theft and financial
exploitation of an elderly person, all Class 3 felonies, and to sentence defendant on those
convictions. In light of our holding, we do not reach defendant’s contention regarding the jury
instructions.
¶ 32 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 33 For the reasons stated, we reverse defendant’s conviction of aggravated identity theft, and
we remand for the circuit court of Lake County to reinstate the convictions of theft and financial
exploitation of an elderly person and to sentence defendant on those convictions.
¶ 34 Reversed and remanded.
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