People v. Horine

FILED
December 5, 2017
2017 IL App (4th) 170128 Carla Bender
4th District Appellate
NO. 4-17-0128 Court, IL
IN THE APPELLATE COURT
OF ILLINOIS
FOURTH DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from
Plaintiff-Appellant, ) Circuit Court of
v. ) McLean County
ALEX HORINE, ) No. 16DT727
Defendant-Appellee. )
) Honorable
) Lee Ann S. Hill,
) Judge Presiding.
)
JUSTICE KNECHT delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Justices Harris and Appleton concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶1 In October 2016, defendant, Alex Horine, was arrested for driving under the
influence (625 ILCS 5/11-501(a)(2) (West 2016)). The arresting officer reported defendant
refused to submit to or failed to complete testing and, as a result, his driving privileges would be
suspended for a minimum of 12 months pursuant to the statutory summary suspension statute
(625 ILCS 5/11-501.1 (West 2016)). In November 2016, defendant filed a petition to rescind the
statutory summary suspension. In December 2016, the trial court granted his petition. Following
the hearing, the State filed a petition to reconsider, arguing the court improperly sustained
defendant’s hearsay objection during the hearing on the petition. In January 2017, the court
denied the State’s motion. On appeal, the State continues to argue the trial court abused its
discretion when it sustained defendant’s hearsay objection because the statement was offered to
prove the officer’s investigatory steps and therefore, not hearsay. We affirm.
¶2 I. BACKGROUND
¶3 On October 23, 2016, defendant received a traffic citation from the City of
Bloomington for driving under the influence (625 ILCS 5/11-501(a)(2) (West 2016)). A law
enforcement sworn report (report) completed by Officer Brandon Finke the same day indicated
at 9:48 p.m., defendant refused to submit to or failed to complete testing at OSF St. Joseph
Medical Center and his driving privileges would be suspended for a minimum of 12 months (625
ILCS 5/11-501.1 (West 2016)). The report also stated Officer Finke had reasonable grounds to
believe defendant was driving under the influence and stated: “[Defendant] was involved in a
single car collision. [Defendant] had an extreme odor of an alcoholic beverage on his breath.
[Defendant’s] eyes were bloodshot and his clothes were disorderly. [Defendant’s] pupils were
dilated, face was flushed, and displayed poor coordination when walking.”
¶4 On November 4, 2016, the Illinois Secretary of State filed a confirmation of
statutory suspension with the circuit clerk. The confirmation stated that, because defendant was
not a first-time offender, his license would be suspended for three years as of December 8, 2016,
and he would be eligible for provisional reinstatement on December 8, 2019.
¶5 On November 29, 2016, defendant filed a petition to rescind his statutory
summary suspension, arguing five different grounds. Defendant argued (1) he was not properly
placed under arrest for an offense as defined in the Illinois Vehicle Code or a similar provision of
a local ordinance, as evidenced by the issuance of a uniform traffic ticket to another form of
charge, (2) the arresting officer did not have reasonable grounds to believe he was driving or in
actual physical control of a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol and/or other
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drugs, or a combination thereof, (3) he was not properly warned by the arresting officer of the
statutory summary suspension pursuant to section 11-501.1(c) of the Illinois Vehicle Code (625
ILCS 5/11-501.1(c) (West 2016)), (4) he did not refuse to submit to and/or complete the required
chemical test or tests upon the request of the arresting officer pursuant to section 11-501.1(d) of
the Illinois Vehicle Code (625 ILCS 5/11-501.1(d) (West 2016)), and (5) he submitted to the
requested test or tests but the test sample of his blood alcohol concentration did not indicate a
blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 or more.
¶6 On December 22, 2016, the trial court held a hearing on defendant’s petition.
Defendant called Officer Jeremy Cunningham to testify, who testified to the following. On
October 23, 2016, Officer Cunningham worked for the City of Bloomington police department
and was dispatched to a local bar, the Windjammer Lounge (Windjammer). When he arrived at
Windjammer, he saw defendant sitting outside on the sidewalk and the bouncer standing over
him. Officer Cunningham placed defendant under arrest to detain him in his squad car until he
could complete his investigation.
¶7 On cross-examination, the State asked Officer Cunningham if he talked to anyone
else at the scene. Officer Cunningham stated he spoke with a witness, Kaylie Bakalar, who was
in the vehicle at the time defendant was allegedly driving. The following questioning occurred:
“Q. And what did Kaylie tell you?
MR. DAVIS [(Defense attorney)]: I’m going to object, Your Honor. This
is the clear definition of hearsay.
MS. LIN [(Prosecutor)]: Your Honor, it’s not for the truth of the matter
asserted. The question is based on—the question here today is whether or not the
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officer had reasonable grounds. Whatever came from the interview goes to his
knowledge at the time.
THE COURT: If he made in arrest based on allegedly what she has told
him, how is that not hearsay? Because that would be—he’s saying that that’s the
truth so that’s why I arrested someone. The objection is sustained.”
The State proceeded to ask Officer Cunningham about a surveillance video from Windjammer
and defendant objected to its foundation. The trial court agreed with defendant and found the
State did not lay a proper foundation and it did not present any evidence of chain of custody.
Defendant requested the court to grant his petition because the State did not provide a witness
that saw him drive. The State presented no argument. The court granted defendant’s petition.
¶8 On December 29, 2016, the State filed a motion to reconsider. The State argued
the trial court erred when it sustained defendant’s hearsay objection because (1) the out-of-court
statement was offered to explain the investigatory procedure followed in the case and was proper
to show the police officer had probable cause and (2) the statements Kaylie made to Officer
Cunningham were offered to show its effect on Officer Cunningham and to show why Officer
Cunningham was reasonable in believing the defendant was the driver of the vehicle.
¶9 On January 30, 2017, the trial court held a hearing on the State’s motion to
reconsider. The State presented its arguments contained in its motion and the following
conversation occurred:
“THE COURT: Let me ask you this. If it is not for the truth of the matter
asserted, why could you not have just asked the officer did you interview
witnesses; yes. Based on your interview of the witnesses and your state of mind at
the time, did you feel you had probable cause to arrest? Because if you don’t want
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me to believe that this is for the truth of the matter asserted, why does it matter
what she said? If it’s only for the officer’s state of mind, then why can’t the fact
that he interviewed witnesses and based on that interview he arrested [defendant]
be enough? Because you want me to believe what she said to him.
MS. LIN: The question is whether or not, is it reasonable for the officer to
believe what was said to him. So what she said and the circumstances surrounding
what she said is relevant to whether or not it is reasonable for him to believe.
THE COURT: Then why do you need her statement?
MS. LIN: To show the totality of the investigation and how reasonable it
is.
THE COURT: No, you want me to believe what she said to the officer.
You’re asking me to say that what she said to the officer was truthful and
reasonable and that gave him probable cause to arrest. But otherwise why isn’t
just saying you interviewed the witnesses. Based on those interviews of the
witnesses you believe you had enough evidence to arrest [defendant] for driving
under the influence.
***
MS. LIN: Whether or not he drove is not—I’m not using that statement to
prove that he drove. I’m using that statement to show that the officer was
reasonable in believing that he drove. So the statements itself [sic] is relevant to
show that the officer was reasonable in believing those circumstances.
THE COURT: I’m sorry, Ms. Lin. I don’t buy that as a reasonable
argument and your motion to reconsider is denied.”
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¶ 10 This appeal followed.
¶ 11 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 12 On appeal, the State argues the trial court abused its discretion when it sustained
defendant’s hearsay objection because Kaylie’s out-of-court statement was admissible to show
its effect on Officer Cunningham’s state of mind and to explain his investigatory actions.
Defendant argues the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it sustained his hearsay
objection because the out-of-court statement was offered for the truth of the matter asserted.
¶ 13 We note if defendant made his hearsay objection during his trial on the driving
under the influence charge, he would be correct because the elicited testimony constituted
inadmissible hearsay. A police officer may testify as to the steps taken in the investigation of a
crime when the testimony is necessary and important to fully explain the State’s case to the trier
of fact—such testimony cannot include the substance of a conversation with a nontestifying
witness. People v. Boling, 2014 IL App (4th) 120634, ¶ 107, 8 N.E.3d 65; see also People v.
Cameron, 189 Ill. App. 3d 998, 1004, 546 N.E.2d 259, 263 (1989). However, defendant’s
hearsay objection was not made at defendant’s trial—but at the hearing on his petition to rescind
his statutory summary suspension. The setting of Officer Cunningham’s testimony is important.
¶ 14 When a defendant asserts the arresting officer did not have reasonable grounds to
believe he was driving under the influence as one of the bases for his petition to rescind (625
ILCS 5/2-118.1(b)(2) (West 2016)), the hearing on the petition is analogous to a hearing on a
motion to suppress evidence in a criminal case. See People v. Wear, 229 Ill. 2d 545, 560, 893
N.E.2d 631, 640 (2008) (“In determining whether there has been ‘reasonable grounds’ under
subsection (b)(2) of the statute, this court has utilized the probable cause analysis deriving from
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the fourth amendment.”). In the context of statutory summary suspension and probable cause, the
Illinois Supreme Court noted, in relevant part, the following:
“Probable cause to arrest exists when the facts known to the
officer at the time of the arrest are sufficient to lead a reasonably
cautious person to believe that the arrestee has committed a crime.
[Citation.] That is, the existence of probable cause depends upon
the totality of the circumstances at the time of the arrest.
[Citations.] ‘ “In dealing with probable cause, *** we deal with
probabilities. These are not technical; they are the factual and
practical considerations of everyday life on which reasonable and
prudent men, not legal technicians, act.” ’ [Citations.]” Wear, 229
Ill. 2d at 563-64, 893 N.E.2d at 642-43.
¶ 15 Hearsay evidence is admissible during a hearing on a defendant’s petition to
rescind statutory summary suspension (or motion to suppress), though hearsay is not admissible
at trial. People v. Patterson, 192 Ill. 2d 93, 111-12, 735 N.E.2d 616, 628 (2000). This distinction
is important. The hearing on a petition to rescind focuses on the issue of whether the arresting
officer had reasonable grounds to believe the defendant was driving under the influence. In
contrast, a defendant’s trial on a driving under the influence charge focuses on whether the
defendant was, in fact, driving under the influence. Therefore, at the hearing on the defendant’s
petition to rescind, the testimony sought from the arresting officer, even if it includes hearsay, is
permissible as it explains the information the officer possessed at the time and what he
reasonably believed based upon that information. This information is essential in determining
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whether the officer had reasonable grounds to arrest the defendant, and the trial court could not
make a sufficient ruling without it.
¶ 16 The trial court erred when it sustained defendant’s hearsay objection. The
testimony the State attempted to elicit from Officer Cunningham attempted to explain what he
learned during his investigation and why he believed he had probable cause to arrest defendant
for driving under the influence. When a defendant challenges whether the arresting officer had
reasonable grounds in his petition to rescind statutory summary suspension, the officer’s
testimony, even if it includes hearsay, is permissible as it provides the court with the necessary
information to rule on the petition. Although such testimony may constitute impermissible
hearsay at trial, such testimony is permissible in this setting. Patterson, 192 Ill. 2d at 111-12, 735
N.E.2d at 628.
¶ 17 We find the trial court erred when it sustained defendant’s hearsay objection, but
we affirm its ruling because the State forfeited this argument. It did not make this argument to
the trial court or to this court on appeal.
¶ 18 We affirm in this case because of forfeiture and to clarify what evidence may be
presented by the State when the defendant asserts the arresting officer did not have reasonable
grounds or probable cause to believe he was driving under the influence in this context. In this
setting and circumstances, the State can present testimony to the trial court demonstrating what
information the officer possessed and what he reasonably believed based upon that information
before he took action. The officer’s testimony is not subject to hearsay objections.
¶ 19 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 20 For the reasons stated, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
¶ 21 Affirmed.
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