People v. Patel

NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and is not precedent except
in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1).
2023 IL App (3d) 200207-UOrder filed February 22, 2023
____________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
THIRD DISTRICT
2023
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
ILLINOIS, ) of the 10th Judicial Circuit,
) Tazewell County, Illinois,
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
) Appeal No. 3-20-0207
v. ) Circuit No. 98-CF-3
)
RAKESH V. PATEL, ) Honorable
) Katherine S. Gorman,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding.
____________________________________________________________________________
PRESIDING JUSTICE HOLDRIDGE delivered the judgment of the court.
Justices Hettel and Albrecht concurred in the judgment.
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ORDER
¶1 Held: The court did not err by dismissing the defendant’s section 2-1401 petition.
¶2 The defendant, Rakesh V. Patel, argues that his petition is no longer time barred, the
court committed plain error by granting the State’s motion to dismiss, his conviction is void, and
he pled sufficient facts to establish a section 2-1401 claim.
¶3 I. BACKGROUND
¶4 The State charged the defendant with two counts of unlawful restraint (720 ILCS 5/10-
3(a) (West 1998)) and one count of aggravated criminal sexual abuse (id. § 12-16(a)(6)). On July
6, 1998, the defendant appeared in court with counsel. The parties informed the court that the
defendant was pleading guilty. The State agreed to amend the indictment and the defendant
would plead guilty to criminal sexual abuse (id. § 12-15(1)). The court asked the defendant if he
understood the charge and the defendant nodded affirmatively. Defense counsel stated:
“I have attempted to explain to my client in the simplest language that I possibly
can think of as to what it is that this case charges him with, now in its amended
form.
He has indicated to me that he understands that he is being charged with
an act of sexual conduct, in touching the breast of this lady, and that he is
admitting that in fact he did do that without authorization or permission from
her.”
The court asked the defendant if that was correct, and he responded affirmatively. The court
inquired “You plead guilt---Are you guilty?” The defendant responded “Yeah.” The court told
him to speak up, and the defendant responded “Yes, sir.”
¶5 The court began to advise the defendant of the rights he was giving up but then stated “I
am getting lots of blank looks from the Defendant just because he is having trouble
understanding what I am saying. We need to continue this over for, to get an interpreter. I’m
sorry, [the defendant], do you understand?” Defense counsel responded that the defendant “just
advised [him] that one of the people with [the defendant] today is proficient in the Indian dialect,
that [the defendant] is conversing with and perhaps this gentleman would be willing to assist as
an interpreter to explain to [the defendant] what Your Honor is stating.” The court responded “I
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assume the Defendant is conversing in that dialect. I need somebody that is conversing in
English.” Defense counsel stated “Right. Yes.” The court then asked if the parties objected to
going off the record and defense counsel responded that he had no objection. The court stated,
“One of you gentlemen, can you interpret?” Defense counsel responded “Yes.” The court stated,
“I think I might have used interpreter---” and the transcription ends. The transcript notes
“(Whereupon, interpreter was sworn in)” and the remaining matters were held off record.
¶6 A written order indicates that the court informed the defendant of his rights and found he
understood the charges, the potential sentences, that he had the right to plead not guilty, and that
he had the right to a trial, which he was giving up by pleading guilty. The order stated that the
court found the defendant knowingly, voluntarily, and understandingly pled guilty. It further
indicated that there was a factual basis for the plea. The order also provided that the defendant
was sentenced to 180 days in jail and 24 months’ probation. The written probation order included
a requirement for the defendant to provide proof that he had reported to Immigration and
Naturalization Services. The record also contains a copy of the Illinois Sex Offender Registration
Act notification form, signed by the defendant. The defendant’s term of probation expired, and
on July 11, 2000, the court entered an order terminating his probation.
¶7 On October 29, 2019, the defendant filed a petition to vacate judgment pursuant to
section 2-1401 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-1401 (West 2018)). The
petition alleged that the defendant wrote a statement for the police attempting to proclaim his
innocence and a different version of events than what the victim had described. The defendant’s
affidavit attached to the petition stated that he tried to write a statement to the police about a
mutual relationship with the victim. The petition included the statement as an exhibit. The
defendant further alleged that he did not understand the proceedings on July 6, 1998, and did not
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understand he was pleading guilty. Additionally, he alleged that he was not told of his right to
speak with the Indian Consulate, and he would have preferred a trial. Last, the petition alleged
that the July 6 proceedings were never translated to him. The defendant averred that his uncle
was in court with another person, and they acted as translators, but neither could speak English
fluently. The petition argued that the conviction is void because the court failed to ensure a
proper translator, advise the defendant of his trial rights, and ensure his plea was voluntarily and
knowingly made. It further argued that if the judgment was not void, equitable tolling should
apply because the defendant was alleging a meritorious defense which he tried to allege in the
initial proceeding. Last, the petition argued that the conviction was void and should be vacated
because the defendant was denied his right to consular notification under the Vienna Convention.
¶8 The State filed a motion to dismiss arguing the petition was time-barred and it failed to
state a claim because the defendant could not show he had a meritorious defense or that he was
diligent in bringing the petition. The defendant filed a response arguing the judgment was void.
He argued that the court did not ensure he had a proper interpreter and did not follow the
necessary procedures for utilizing an interpreter. In support, he attached the Illinois Supreme
Court Language Access Policy, that was effective October 1, 2014. The defendant also argued
that equitable tolling should apply.
¶9 At the hearing on the motion to dismiss, defense counsel noted that it was unclear
whether the State brought its motion to dismiss under section 2-615 or 2-619 of the Code, but the
defendant could overcome the motion regardless of which of those sections it was brought under.
Counsel argued that the judgment was void because the court did not ensure the defendant
understood what was happening. However, counsel noted that they were not able to locate the
individual who acted as the interpreter and argued that is why the motion to dismiss should be
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denied so the factual record could be developed because the interpreter was a farmer from India
who had a tenth-grade education. Counsel further argued that the conviction had substantial
effects on the defendant and noted he had been denied immigration benefits and was not able to
remain in the country. Defense counsel subsequently submitted a brief addressing a case that the
State relied on regarding voidness and in that brief, he concluded that “it is now clear that the
People’s Motion to Dismiss is brought pursuant to 735 ILCS 5/2-615.”
¶ 10 The court issued a written decision granting the motion to dismiss. It found the judgment
was not void and was untimely. It further determined that even if the matter was not time-barred,
the defendant failed to allege any claim unknown to him at the time of the judgment, could not
show any diligence in pursuing the underlying case or the petition, and could not establish a
meritorious claim based on the right to consular notification. The defendant appeals.
¶ 11 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 12 The defendant argues that the court erred by dismissing his section 2-1401 petition.
Specifically, the defendant argues: (1) his petition is no longer time-barred because of the
enactment of subsection (c-5) of section 2-1401 of the Code, (2) the court committed plain error
by granting the State’s hybrid motion to dismiss, (3) his conviction is void, and (4) he pled
sufficient facts to establish a section 2-1401 claim.
¶ 13 Initially, subsection (c-5) of section 2-1401 of the Code states, “Any individual may at
any time file a petition and institute proceedings under this Section, if his or her final order or
judgment, which was entered based on a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, has potential
consequences under federal immigration law.” 735 ILCS 5/2-1401 (c-5) (West Supp. 2021).
Based on this, the State has conceded that the defendant’s petition is no longer time barred. We,
thus, treat the petition as timely for purposes of this order.
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¶ 14 Next, the defendant acknowledges that he forfeited his argument that the court erred by
granting the State’s hybrid motion to dismiss (e.g., see People v. Enoch, 122 Ill. 2d 176, 186
(1988)) but argues that it constitutes second-prong plain error because the court became the
State’s advocate. The first step in a plain error analysis is to determine whether a “plain error”
occurred. People v. Piatkowski, 225 Ill. 2d 551, 564-65 (2007). “The word ‘plain’ here is
synonymous with ‘clear’ and is the equivalent of ‘obvious.’ ” Id. at 565 n.2.
¶ 15 The failure to designate which section of the Code a motion to dismiss is brought under is
not always fatal. Illinois Graphics Co. v. Nickum, 159 Ill. 2d 469, 484 (1994). The court may
treat a motion to dismiss as being brought under a particular section even when a party fails to
make such a designation. Urbaitis v. Commonwealth Edison, 143 Ill. 2d 458, 475 (1991).
Although the record indicates that the State failed to designate which section of the Code its
motion to dismiss was filed under, the record does not indicate that the court acted as the State’s
advocate, rather it applied the law to the facts of the case. Therefore, we cannot say that a clear
or obvious error occurred.
¶ 16 Turning to the defendant’s claim that his conviction is void, our supreme court has made
it clear that a judgment is only void if it was entered by a court lacking jurisdiction or “was based
on a statute that is facially unconstitutional and void ab initio.” People v. Abdullah, 2019 IL
123492, ¶ 13. The defendant does not argue that his conviction was void on either of these bases
but asks that the law be expanded. We will not do so.
¶ 17 Lastly, the defendant argues that he pled sufficient facts to establish a section 2-1401
claim. To obtain relief under section 2-1401, the defendant needed to “set forth specific factual
allegations supporting each of the following elements: (1) the existence of a meritorious defense;
(2) due diligence in presenting this defense; and (3) due diligence in filing the section 2-1401
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petition for relief.” (Emphasis in original.) Warren County Soil & Water Conservation District v.
Walters, 2015 IL 117783, ¶ 51. “Due diligence requires the section 2-1401 petitioner to have a
reasonable excuse for failing to act within the appropriate time.” Smith v. Airoom, Inc., 114 Ill.
2d 209, 222 (1986). “[A] party relying on section 2-1401 is not entitled to relief ‘unless he shows
that through no fault or negligence of his own, the error of fact or the existence of a valid defense
was not made to appear to the trial court.’ ” Id. (quoting Brockmeyer v. Duncan, 18 Ill. 2d 502,
505 (1960)). “In determining the reasonableness of the excuse offered by the petitioner, all of the
circumstances attendant upon entry of the judgment must be considered, including the conduct of
the litigants and their attorneys.” Id. “Although it is true that, in ruling on a motion to dismiss a
section 2-1401 petition, all well-pleaded facts are to be taken as true, this rule does not extend to
conclusions drawn by the pleader.” Padilla v. Vazquez, 223 Ill. App. 3d 1018, 1026 (1991).
¶ 18 Here, regarding the interpreter at the plea hearings, the defendant himself suggested the
use of an individual who he had been conversing with—who he identified as his uncle—as an
interpreter such that he would not be able to establish that any issue with the interpretation or his
understanding of the proceedings was not due to his own fault. Moreover, the defendant failed to
allege a meritorious defense. Although his affidavit alleged that he attempted to tell the police
about a mutual relationship with the victim, he does not provide any factual allegations that the
touching that he was charged with was consensual or otherwise non-criminal. Further, the
defendant’s petition wholly failed to allege any facts showing he was diligent in filing the section
2-1401 petition, which he did not do until more than 21 years after he pled guilty and more than
19 years after he completed his sentence. Additionally, although defendant’s petition alleged he
was denied his right to consular notification under the Vienna Convention, the petition only
alleged that this denial rendered his judgment void. We have already determined the judgment
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was not void. See supra ¶ 14. Based on the foregoing, the defendant’s section 2-1401 petition
was properly dismissed.
¶ 19 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 20 The judgment of the circuit court of Tazewell County is affirmed.
¶ 21 Affirmed.
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