Kristen H. v. Matthew W.

NOTICE
2022 IL App (5th) 220476-UNOTICE
Decision filed 12/20/22. The
This order was filed under
text of this decision may be NO. 5-22-0476 Supreme Court Rule 23 and is
changed or corrected prior to
not precedent except in the
the filing of a Petition for IN THE limited circumstances allowed
Rehearing or the disposition of
under Rule 23(e)(1).
the same.
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIFTH DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________
KRISTEN H., n/k/a Kristen S., ) Appeal from the
) Circuit Court of
Petitioner-Appellant, ) St. Clair County.
)
v. ) No. 13-F-117
)
MATTHEW W., ) Honorable
) Alana I. Mejias,
Respondent-Appellee. ) Judge, presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE WELCH delivered the judgment of the court.
Presiding Justice Boie and Justice Moore concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: The trial court’s decision modifying parental responsibilities to give sole decision-
making authority over the parties’ minor children to the respondent father and
allocating the majority of the parenting time to him is affirmed as it was not against
the manifest weight of the evidence. The court’s decision denying the petitioner
mother’s motion to relocate with the minor children is also affirmed where the
respondent father was awarded the majority of the parenting time.
¶2 This appeal arises out of an order modifying parental responsibilities to give sole decision-
making authority over the parties’ minor children to the respondent, Matthew W., and allocating
the majority of the parenting time to him. It also involves an order denying a motion to relocate
with the minor children filed by the petitioner, Kristen S. On appeal, Kristen S. argues that the
trial court’s modification of parental decision-making authority and parenting time was against the
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manifest weight of the evidence, and the court’s decision denying her relocation with the children
was also against the manifest weight of the evidence.
¶3 I. BACKGROUND
¶4 Matthew W. and Kristen S. had two children, Ja.W., born January 14, 2006, and J.W., born
July 17, 2010. In March 2018, the trial court awarded Kristen S. sole decision-making authority
over the minor children and set the parenting time schedule. Also, the court denied her petition to
relocate to Alaska (Kristen S.’s husband, Rick S., was employed at Elmendorf Air Force Base in
Alaska as a civil service employee with the United States Air Force). In June 2019, Kristen S.
filed a second petition for relocation, seeking the court’s permission to relocate to Warrensburg,
Missouri. The petition stated that Rick S. had been living in Alaska and had made substantial
efforts to find gainful employment in St. Clair County, but those efforts were unsuccessful.
However, he had obtained employment at Whiteman Air Force Base in Knob Noster, Missouri.
Rick S. and Kristen S. purchased a home in Warrensburg, approximately 3½ hours from their
Millstadt, Illinois, residence where Kristen S. was residing. Although they bought the Missouri
residence, Kristen S. continued to reside in Millstadt until that home was sold. After the Millstadt
home was sold, Kristen S. and the children moved to Maeystown, Illinois, to live with her parents.
Kristen S. and Rick S. also had a daughter, Caroline S., who lived with Kristen S. while Rick S.
was living in Alaska, but she moved to the Missouri house in January 2020 and began attending
school there.
¶5 On March 19, 2020, the trial court entered an order denying Kristen S.’s petition to relocate,
finding that she had failed to establish that the relocation was in the minor children’s best interests.
On September 21, 2020, the court entered another order, temporarily modifying the parenting time
schedule because Kristen S. and the children had been living in their Missouri home during the
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COVID-19 pandemic since the children were doing remote learning. The court indicated that the
schedule would remain in effect during the remote learning period.
¶6 On July 30, 2021, Matthew W. filed a motion to enforce the trial court’s March 2020 order
and for modification of the school year parenting time schedule so that he had the majority of the
parenting time during the school year. In the motion, Matthew W. stated that Belleville West High
School and Millstadt School District were returning to full-time in-person learning for the 2021-
22 school year, and Kristen S. continued to reside in Warrensburg. Matthew W. alleged that the
current placement schedule when school resumed would be impossible to maintain and that it was
not in the minor children’s best interests to be transported to and from Warrensburg. That same
day, Matthew W. also filed a petition to modify parental responsibilities, requesting sole decision-
making authority over the children.
¶7 On August 13, 2021, Matthew W. filed an emergency petition to enforce the court order,
alleging that Kristen S. had not responded to his inquiries about enrolling the children into their
Illinois schools, and the children had told him that she intended to enroll them in school in
Warrensburg. On August 26, 2021, the trial court entered an order, requiring that the children be
enrolled in Belleville West High School and Millstadt School District immediately and for
Matthew W.’s address to be used for school purposes. On May 17, 2022, Kristen S. filed another
motion to relocate the children.
¶8 On June 22, 2022, a hearing was held on Matthew W.’s motion to modify parental
responsibilities and Kristen S.’s motion to relocate. At the hearing, Matthew W. testified that,
once it was announced that the children’s schools were returning to in-person learning, he sent
multiple text messages to Kristen S. about enrolling them and where they would be staying.
Kristen S.’s answers were not responsive, she never registered them in the Millstadt and Belleville
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schools, and she instead enrolled them in Warrensburg schools. He had to go to both schools to
get them registered and enrolled in their classes because Kristen S. had their records transferred to
the Warrensburg schools.
¶9 Although Kristen S. told Matthew W. that she went to the Illinois schools to register the
children, he believed she went there to talk about continuing remote learning. Neither Illinois
school was offering remote learning for the 2021-22 school year unless there was a special
circumstance. However, Matthew W. acknowledged that he did receive a message from Kristen
S. about needing proof of his address before the children could be registered in school.
¶ 10 Once in-person school resumed, the parenting time schedule reverted back to the schedule
set out in the trial court’s March 2020 order. However, there were issues with the schedule because
Kristen S. took the children to Warrensburg on her weekends, sometimes taking them out of school
early on Friday, and did not return them until early Monday morning. During the 2021-22 school
year, J.W. had 23 absences from school, one or two of which were when J.W. was sick while at
Matthew W.’s house, and Ja.W. had 14 absences, one or two of which were when she was also
sick while at Matthew W.’s house. However, Matthew W. acknowledged that J.W. missed at least
five days of school because he was quarantined due to COVID-19. Matthew W. noted that, when
J.W. tested positive for COVID, the quarantine period was 10 days. During J.W.’s quarantine
period, the quarantine period was reduced to five days, but Kristen S. still kept him out of school
for 10 days. Kristen S. obtained medical providers for the children in Warrensburg, and there had
been times where she took both children out of school because one of them had a doctor or dentist
appointment.
¶ 11 Even with the absences, Ja.W. was doing well in school; she was enrolled in honors courses
and had a 4.75 grade point average. J.W. was also doing well, had an approximately 3.75 grade
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point average, and ended the semester with As and one B. Neither child participated in
extracurricular activities because Kristen S. would not allow them. Ja.W. played volleyball in
grade school, but the last time she played was in seventh grade, and J.W. previously played
baseball. Matthew W. acknowledged that Ja.W. tried out for the volleyball team in eighth grade
but did not make the team. However, Ja.W. had an opportunity to try out for a select team, but
Kristen S. would not let her try out for that team. When he asked Kristen S. about J.W. playing
baseball, she refused to give permission and said she was going to contact the school to let them
know that J.W. did not have permission to play.
¶ 12 Since Ja.W. started driving, she was driving herself and J.W. to school. On days that her
school started later, she had to wait after dropping J.W. off at his school until she could go to
school. When he talked to Kristen S. about it, she said that it saved gas money. There had also
been issues with the children forgetting items that they needed for school in Warrensburg.
¶ 13 Matthew W. took Ja.W. to a dermatologist because she had acne, and the dermatologist
gave her two medications. However, Kristen S. would not let Ja.W. take the medication and was
angry because Matthew W. took Ja.W. to the doctor behind her back. He explained that he could
not take the children to any of their medical appointments because they were all in Warrensburg.
¶ 14 Matthew W. believed that it would be easier if he had the majority of the parenting time
during the school year, so then the children would not have to live with their grandparents. He
explained that he felt that the children were missing out by not living in the community where they
attended school, and it would be easier for them to get to school if they lived with him. He noted
that the Millstadt community was the most stable thing they had, and the children loved it there.
J.W. had friends who lived within walking distance of the house, and Ja.W. also had friends in the
area. Matthew W. explained that the current summer schedule did not allow the children to
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participate in summer sports or other extracurricular activities and allowing Kristen S. the majority
of the parenting time in the summer meant that the children were not able to see their friends or
extended family. He noted that the majority of their friends, cousins, aunts, uncles, and
grandparents lived near him. If the children moved to Warrensburg, they would have to change
schools. He had never heard the children talk about any friends in Warrensburg.
¶ 15 Matthew W. and his wife had two children, ages six and three, and Ja.W. and J.W. had a
great relationship with his wife and loved their half-siblings. His wife was a director of a
preschool, and she had flexibility to go home during the day. During the pandemic, the children
did remote learning at his house when they were there. He acknowledged that the children also
loved Rick S. and Caroline S.
¶ 16 Kristen S. testified that she was unemployed, she was the children’s main caretaker for
their entire lives, and she had always made their doctor and dentist appointments. Matthew W.
had never shown any interest in being involved in those appointments. Ja.W. was going to an
orthodontist in Warrensburg because she had gotten braces there before Kristen S.’s request to
relocate was denied, and they had already paid for the braces and the follow-up appointments.
They initially went there because the orthodontist offered a military discount, and Ja.W. really
liked it. Matthew W. was not contributing to that cost, and they could not afford to find a new
orthodontist in Illinois. Kristen S. explained that the children’s dentist was in Warrensburg
because that dentist was cheaper than the dentists she contacted in Illinois; she had to pay for the
appointments herself since they did not have dental insurance, and Matthew W. was not
contributing to those costs. Although Matthew W. paid child support, he did not pay any additional
expenses for the children.
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¶ 17 In July 2020, Matthew W. requested to start his parenting time early so he could go on a
family vacation with the children. Ja.W. had an orthodontist appointment during that time, and he
agreed to take her. However, once he got the children, he canceled the appointment, and it could
not be rescheduled until September. Kristen S. explained that the orthodontist appointments were
difficult to get because they were scheduled three months in advance, and the office was not open
on Mondays or Fridays.
¶ 18 Kristen S. testified that Ja.W. had issues with acne, and, when Kristen S. asked the doctor
whether she should take Ja.W. to a dermatologist, the doctor told her no and that Ja.W. should
continue to use the skin care products that she was using. Ja.W.’s acne had improved and was
now just an issue once per month. After that doctor’s appointment, Matthew W. took Ja.W. to a
dermatologist against Kristen S.’s wishes. The dermatologist gave them a topical cream and an
antibiotic for the acne. However, Kristen S. was hesitant about the prescription medication
because she discovered that the acne might be worse after the patient stopped taking it, and she
was unable to ask the dermatologist any questions about the medication as Matthew W. had left
her off the paperwork. Matthew W. had even agreed that he did not want Ja.W. taking the
prescription medicine.
¶ 19 Kristen S. acknowledged that J.W. had missed school due to Ja.W.’s orthodontist
appointment, but she explained that she asked Matthew W. to meet her that Sunday so he could
get J.W. and make sure J.W. got to school. However, Matthew W. refused and instead wanted her
to drive to Millstadt and then back to Warrensburg to get Ja.W. to her appointment. She explained
that it was not ideal, but she was doing the best she could, and Matthew W. was not willing to go
a little out of his way to help her. The children’s doctor was in Illinois, and she always took them
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to those appointments. Even though she was the parent taking the children to their appointments,
she communicated with Matthew W. about those appointments.
¶ 20 As for the rest of J.W.’s absences from school, Kristen S. explained that he missed 10 days
of school because he was quarantined. She noted that she called his school, and the school nurse
told her when he could return. Toward the end of the quarantine period, the period was reduced
to five days, but the school nurse told her to just have him return on the original date.
¶ 21 Kristen S. was very close with Ja.W., and they liked to thrift shop, hike, bike, watch movies,
and listen to music. She was also close to J.W., he liked to fish, and Rick S. went fishing with
him. There was only a two-year age difference between J.W. and Caroline S., so they were really
close and were always together. J.W. was a good big brother, and Caroline S. looked up to him
and wanted to do the same activities that he did, such as playing with Nerf guns and playing video
games. They played video games with his Illinois friends, so she knew those friends. However,
they did not see each other as much anymore since the in-person learning had resumed; J.W. had
gotten emotional about missing her. Ja.W. was not as close to Caroline S. as J.W. because of their
age difference, but they still had a sweet relationship.
¶ 22 After the request to relocate to Alaska was denied, Rick S. applied for several jobs, and the
Whiteman Air Force Base job was the closest one to Matthew W. Kristen S. was devastated when
she received the trial court’s denial of her request to relocate in March 2020, and she was not sure
what she was going to do because they did not have enough money to maintain two households.
However, the schools then shut down because of the COVID-19 pandemic, and her parents were
considered high risk, so she moved the children to Warrensburg. Matthew W. initially had an
issue with her moving, but then they agreed to start the summer schedule early, and he had more
time with the children. From March 2020 through May 2021, the children did remote learning.
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¶ 23 As for the 2021-22 school year, Kristen S. explained that she thought the school would
offer remote learning since the COVID-19 numbers were increasing due to the new variant. When
Matthew W. asked her about enrolling the children in school, she noted that she did not have a
plan because things were frequently changing. She eventually went to Ja.W.’s school to register
Ja.W., but she was unable to because she needed proof of address in that school district. She
acknowledged that she asked about remote learning while there but explained that she was there
to register Ja.W. for school. After she was told that she needed proof of address, she tried calling
Matthew W. from her cell phone and also from the school telephone, but he did not answer. Ja.W.
even tried calling him. She acknowledged that she waited until the last minute to register Ja.W.
but explained that she was hoping they would offer remote learning because of the increase in
COVID numbers.
¶ 24 With regard to J.W.’s school, Kristen S. did not receive any communication from the
school about registration because Matthew W.’s address was used for school purposes. Matthew
W. had given Ja.W. the registration paperwork, but Ja.W. never gave it to her. Matthew W.
eventually gave her the paperwork. Because neither child was registered at any school in August,
she panicked and registered them in Warrensburg schools.
¶ 25 The children were currently doing in-person learning and were living at Kristen S.’s
parents’ house with Kristen S. Ja.W. drove her and J.W. to school, which was an approximately
35-minute drive. Kristen S. described the town where her parents lived as small and sleepy; she
noted that it was an older community. The only connection that the children had to the town were
their grandparents. Ja.W. was in honors classes and had a lot of homework every night. Kristen
S. believed that Ja.W. would be unable to stay caught up on her homework and also play a sport
while living at her grandparents’ house.
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¶ 26 During the week, they lived out of suitcases, and Kristen S. and J.W. shared a bedroom.
Ja.W.’s bedroom was also her grandmother’s office, so if her grandmother was working late, she
would not have access to her bedroom. Kristen S. explained that they felt like visitors at her
parents’ house and that they were invading her parents’ space. The living arrangement was meant
to be temporary, but she could not afford another residence in the Millstadt school district so the
children could go to school there. Although Matthew W. accused her of not being in Illinois when
the children were there, she was always there with them. When staying in Illinois, she did not
have Rick S. for support; she was a single mother.
¶ 27 Kristen S. explained that, during remote learning, the family were all in the same house,
the children had stability, and they were able to do activities together. The children had a great
relationship with Rick S. and maintained that relationship when he lived in Alaska. J.W. was
really close to Rick S. because they liked to do the same things, such as fishing. Kristen S.
described Rick S. as really patient.
¶ 28 The children loved Warrensburg, there were children in the neighborhood that J.W. played
with, and they lived one hour from a lake. They liked to bike on the bicycle trail near the house,
they hiked at a nearby state park, and they frequently went boating. J.W. liked going to the skate
park, and he did ninja warrior training at a local place that also had baseball batting cages. He met
a friend while boating, and they frequently met up while at the lake. Although the neighborhood
was small, there were a lot of children living there. There was also a lake across the street from
their house where the neighborhood children went fishing. Ja.W. wanted to do jujitsu, and there
was a place nearby where she could do that. Ja.W. had her own bedroom with an attached
bathroom in the basement. Ja.W. did not have as many friends there as J.W., but Kristen S.
believed that Ja.W. would make friends if she went to school there. Also, the children’s cousins
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visited them, and Kristen S.’s sister had a house on the Lake of the Ozarks, which was close to
them. Her parents also visited them and went with them to the lake in the summer.
¶ 29 When Ja.W. was younger, she participated in a lot of activities, such as volleyball, soccer,
and karate. She was asked to join the select volleyball team between seventh and eighth grade,
but she did not want to join because her friend was not joining. Kristen S. explained that the select
team was expensive and required a lot of travel, but she was willing to let Ja.W. join if Ja.W.
wanted. Then, in eighth grade, Ja.W. did not make the school volleyball team. J.W. was not
committed to any sports or activities and would frequently change his mind about what activities
he wanted to do.
¶ 30 Kristen S. stated that she spoke to the counselor at Warrensburg about the classes offered
there compared to Belleville West High School. Belleville West High School had more honors
classes, but the Warrensburg school offered advance placement and dual credit classes that were
comparable to Ja.W.’s classes in Belleville. Kristen S. acknowledged that the Belleville school
offered 19 advance placement classes while the Warrensburg school only offered five; she also
acknowledged that Ja.W. was not currently interested in those five subjects. However, the
Warrensburg schools offered 25 different honors courses that Ja.W. could take. Kristen S. believed
that Ja.W. would succeed no matter which school she attended. Kristen S. noted that there were a
lot of fights at the Belleville school and less violence in the Warrensburg schools. She also visited
the school that J.W. would attend, and the school offered more sports than the Millstadt school, it
had a brand-new gym, and the teachers and the principal were all nice. She noted that the school
was comparable to the Millstadt school.
¶ 31 Kirsten S. believed it would be better for the children to relocate with her to Warrensburg
because they had always lived with her, she always took care of their emotional well-being, they
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should be reunited with their sister, and they should have an opportunity to make friends there and
be part of the community. She believed that they would do well wherever they lived. She
explained that it was chaotic for the children to live as they were. If they lived in Warrensburg,
they would have a home base and a community that they belonged to; with the current situation,
they did not have a home base because they were not at any one house long enough. However,
she acknowledged that they had never expressed any dislike of Millstadt. It would also be
beneficial for her because she was separated from her husband and youngest child, and she did not
believe it would have an impact on Matthew W.’s parenting time.
¶ 32 Rick S. testified that he was a federal civil service employee at the Whiteman Air Force
Base and that he worked for the civil engineer squadron. His job was very specialized, and Scott
Air Force Base did not employ federal workers in that field. He was originally from Belleville,
and he visited about once per month. When they were looking for houses to buy in the
Warrensburg area, the children went with them and gave input on the homes. The neighborhood
was diverse, there were a lot of children living there, and it was family orientated. The town park
had a community center with a lazy river, water slides, and a swimming pool; there were also skate
parks, tennis courts, and basketball courts at the park; and there was another park nearby where
Kristen S. and the children went walking. The Warrensburg schools were good and had several
advance courses. There was also the Missouri A+ program for top tier students, which both
children would qualify for, that offered two years of free college after graduation.
¶ 33 While the children were home doing remote learning, Rick S. spent more quality time with
them. He was around during the day to help them with their schoolwork, and they were able to do
more family activities, such as hiking, biking, and swimming. The parenting time exchanges were
also smoother during the pandemic. The crime rate in Warrensburg was low, although he
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acknowledged that Millstadt likely had a comparable crime rate. They purchased a boat during
the pandemic because they were looking for ways to spend quality time together, and they went
boating at least once per week. They often had family members visit.
¶ 34 Rick S. testified that the children often came to him for advice, and they looked up to him.
His relationship with the children flourished during the pandemic, and Caroline S. thrived having
her siblings with her. The current parenting time schedule was disruptive to his marriage and to
the children, including Caroline S. He believed that it was best for all three children to live
together. He bought Ja.W. a vehicle and also paid for her braces.
¶ 35 On July 13, 2022, the trial court entered a written order, finding that Matthew W. had
shown, by a preponderance of the evidence, that there had been a substantial change in
circumstances that necessitated modification of parental responsibilities to serve the children’s
best interests. The court noted that the excessive school absences for both children, Kristen S.’s
denial of the children’s involvement in any extracurricular activities, and her failure to share
medical information with Matthew W. were a few examples that supported a modification of
parental decision-making authority. The court also noted that both parties testified that the current
parenting time schedule was not working.
¶ 36 The trial court also found that it was in the children’s best interests for Matthew W. to be
allocated sole decision-making authority and the majority of the parenting time. In support of its
decision, the court noted that there was no evidence presented as to the children’s wishes; they
resided in three different locations; while in Warrensburg, J.W. spent a lot of time interacting with
his Millstadt friends through video gaming; and Ja.W. did not have any real friends there. During
the school year, the children lived with Kristen S. and their maternal grandparents in a sleepy town,
they lived out of suitcases, Kristen S. and J.W. shared a bed; and although the children were well-
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adjusted to their home in Warrensburg, Millstadt had been a consistent location throughout their
lives. The court noted that the children had good relationships with all of their half-siblings.
¶ 37 The trial court also noted that the children were well-adjusted to their schools; they had
attended school in the same school district since kindergarten; Kristen S. violated a court order by
enrolling them in Warrensburg schools for the 2021-22 school year, which required Matthew S. to
file two motions to compel her compliance with the order for school enrollment; and the children
were enrolled in the Illinois schools shortly after the school year started. The children both had
excessive school absences in the 2021-22 school year, and most of those absences occurred while
in Kristen S.’s care. On Kristen S.’s weekends, they left Warrensburg on Monday morning at 3
or 4 a.m. to attend school, and, at times, she pulled them out of school early on Fridays immediately
preceding her weekend parenting time. The court found that, since the entry of the March 2020
order, both parents had been heavily involved in the children’s education and assisted with remote
learning.
¶ 38 The trial court found significant that the children were not involved in any extracurricular
activities, although they lived in Maeystown and Millstadt on school days, Kristen S. was
unemployed, and Ja.W. had a vehicle. Matthew W. claimed that Kristen S. would not allow them
to participate in any activities, and she threatened to file a contempt motion against him if he
enrolled them in any activity. She also contacted the school just to advise them that Matthew W.
had no decision-making authority with regard to the children.
¶ 39 The trial court noted that Kristen S. acknowledged that the children had more established
and closer relationships with their Millstadt friends. They also had extensive family in the area,
including maternal, paternal, and stepparent relatives, with whom they were close. The court
found that the parties did not have the ability to communicate or make joint decisions and even the
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most benign communications were interpreted as a “call to arms.” The court also found that, since
it denied Kristen S.’s first request to relocate to Warrensburg, her decision-making on behalf of
the children had been questionable. However, the court acknowledged that Kristen S. had
historically been the primary parent with the majority of the parenting time, the children had
always lived with her, and she had always taken them to their doctor and dentist appointments.
¶ 40 The trial court found that the children needed consistency and acknowledged Kristen S.’s
testimony that during the remote learning period, they had stability and certainty because they
were not running between three different households. During the pandemic, they had substantial
time with each parent and were able to establish a routine. Although Kristen S. believed that the
only solution was to grant her relocation request, the court noted that the one consistent thing for
the children, other than their parents, had been the Millstadt community, and all that went with it,
i.e., their family, school, and friendships. The court found that Kristen S. was the parent who
seemed to consistently interrupt the children’s stability, noting that she requested to relocate on
three separate occasions and refused to register them in the court-designated schools.
¶ 41 As for Kristen S.’s petition to relocate to Warrensburg, the trial court denied her request
since Matthew W. was the parent with the majority of the parenting time, and Kristen S. did not
present any different facts from those initially presented in her previous request to relocate. Kristen
S. appeals the court’s allocation of parental responsibilities as well as the denial of her request to
relocate.
¶ 42 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 43 A. Allocation of Parental Decision-Making Authority and Parenting Time
¶ 44 Section 610.5(c) of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act (Act) sets forth
the requirements for modification of orders allocating parental decision-making responsibilities
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and parenting time. 750 ILCS 5/610.5(c) (West 2020). Specifically, section 610.5(c) provides
that
“the court shall modify a parenting plan or allocation judgment when necessary to
serve the child’s best interests if the court finds, by a preponderance of the
evidence, that on the basis of facts that have arisen since the entry of the existing
parenting plan or allocation judgment or were not anticipated therein, a substantial
change has occurred in the circumstances of the child or of either parent and that a
modification is necessary to serve the child’s best interests.” Id.¶ 45 Accordingly, the court may modify parenting time or the allocation of parental
responsibilities if a substantial change has occurred in the circumstances of the children or either
parent since the existing allocation judgment was entered and such a modification is necessary to
serve the children’s best interests. In re Marriage of Virgin, 2021 IL App (3d) 190650, ¶ 43.
¶ 46 Once a substantial change in circumstances has been found, the trial court must determine
whether modification is necessary to serve the children’s best interests. 750 ILCS 5/610.5(c)
(West 2020). In determining the children’s best interests for modifying parenting time, the courts
consider the following best-interest factors set forth in section 602.7(b) of the Act: (1) the parents’
wishes; (2) the children’s wishes; (3) the amount of time each parent spent performing caretaking
functions with respect to the children in the 24 months preceding the filing of the petition; (4) any
prior agreement or course of conduct between the parents; (5) the interaction and interrelationship
of the children with their parents and siblings or any other significant person; (6) the children’s
adjustment to home, school, and community; (7) the mental and physical health of all involved;
(8) the children’s needs; (9) the distance between the parents’ residences, the cost of transporting,
the families’ daily schedules, and the ability of the parents to cooperate; (10) whether a restriction
on parenting time is appropriate; (11) physical violence or threat of physical violence; (12) the
willingness and ability of each parent to place the needs of the children ahead of his or her own
needs; (13) the willingness of each parent to facilitate and encourage a close and continuing
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relationship between the other parent and the children; (14) the occurrence of abuse against the
children or other members of the household; (15) whether one of the parents is a convicted sex
offender; (16) the terms of a parent’s military family-care plan; and (17) any other factor that the
court expressly finds to be relevant. Id. § 602.7(b); In re Marriage of Adams, 2017 IL App (3d)
170472, ¶ 20.
¶ 47 To determine the children’s best interests for the modification of the allocation of parental
decision-making authority, the trial court must consider all relevant best-interest factors, including:
(1) the children’s wishes; (2) the children’s adjustment to home, school, and community; (3) the
mental and physical health of all individuals involved; (4) the parents’ ability to cooperate to make
decisions; (5) the level of each parent’s participation in past significant decision-making about the
children; (6) any prior agreement or course of conduct between the parents regarding decision-
making; (7) the parents’ wishes; (8) the children’s needs; (9) the distance between the parents’
residences; (10) whether a restriction on decision-making is appropriate; (11) the willingness and
ability of each parent to facilitate and encourage a relationship between the minor children and the
other parent; (12) the physical violence or threat of physical violence directed against the children;
(13) the occurrence of abuse against the children or other member of the children’s household;
(14) whether one parent is a sex offender or resides with a sex offender; and (15) any other factor
that the court expressly finds to be relevant. 750 ILCS 5/602.5(c) (West 2020).
¶ 48 The trial court’s decision regarding whether to modify the allocation of parental decision-
making authority and parenting time is subject to a manifest weight of the evidence standard of
review. In re Marriage of Bates, 212 Ill. 2d 489, 515 (2004). This decision is afforded great
deference because the trial court is in a superior position to judge the credibility of the witnesses
and determine the children’s best interests. Id. at 516. A judgment is against the manifest weight
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of the evidence when an opposite conclusion is apparent or when the findings appear to be
unreasonable, arbitrary, or not based on the evidence. In re Keyon R., 2017 IL App (2d) 160657,
¶ 16.
¶ 49 In this case, the trial court found that Matthew W. had shown, by a preponderance of the
evidence, that there was a substantial change of circumstances necessitating a modification of
parental responsibilities to serve the children’s best interests. The court also found that it was in
the children’s best interests for Matthew W. to have the sole decision-making authority and the
majority of the parenting time. After reviewing the record, we find that the court’s decisions were
not against the manifest weight of the evidence.
¶ 50 Kristen S. and Matthew W. agree that there was a substantial change of circumstances in
that the current parenting schedule was not working since Kristen S.’s residence was in Missouri
and the children were required to attend school in Illinois. Thus, both parties agreed that it was in
the children’s best interests for it to be modified. In its written order, the trial court evaluated all
of the relevant best-interest factors for its decision regarding the modification of the allocation of
parental decision-making and parenting time. The court made explicit reference to the number of
school absences for both children, Kristen S.’s failure to share medical information, and the
children’s lack of involvement in extracurricular activities, but those were just a few reasons for
the basis of the court’s decision.
¶ 51 More importantly, with the current arrangement, the children were living out of three
different households, and, as Kristen S. admitted, these living arrangements were chaotic for the
children and made it harder for them to participate in extracurricular activities or establish ties in
the community. The children had attended the same school district their entire lives; the majority
of their friends were in the Millstadt community; they were living out of suitcases during the week;
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it was a 35-minute drive from their grandparents’ residence to their schools; they did not have their
own bedrooms or space in that residence; and other than their grandparents, they did not have any
ties to Maeystown, which was described by Kristen S. as being a “sleepy town” without a lot of
children. Also, on Monday mornings after spending the weekend with Kristen S., the children had
to leave the Missouri house at 3 or 4 a.m. to get to their Illinois schools.
¶ 52 Although the children were close to Caroline S. and Rick S., they were also close to their
other half-siblings and Matthew W.’s wife. They also had extended family that lived near their
Millstadt home, including their maternal grandparents. Although there is a presumption in favor
of retaining the current custodian to promote stability and continuity in the children’s environment
(see In re Marriage of Pfaff, 250 Ill. App. 3d 265, 268 (1993)), the trial court found a modification
was necessary to provide the children with needed consistency. The court also found that the one
consistent thing for the children, other than their parents, was the Millstadt community, which
included their family, school, and friendships. The court, pointing to the fact that Kristen S.
enrolled the children in the Missouri school in violation of its order, found that Kristen S. was the
parent who consistently interrupted the children’s stability. In making this decision, the court
thoughtfully weighed all of the relevant best-interests factors, and we will not second guess the
court’s evaluation of the relevant factors. Thus, based on the above, we find that the trial court’s
modification of parental decision-making authority and parenting time was not against the
manifest weight of the evidence.
¶ 53 B. Relocation Decision
¶ 54 Kristen S. also contends that the trial court’s decision denying her relocation with the
children was against the manifest weight of the evidence. A parent who has been allocated a
majority of parenting time or equal parenting time may seek to relocate with the minor children.
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750 ILCS 5/609.2 (West 2020). However, since the trial court awarded Matthew W. the majority
of the parenting time, and we have affirmed that decision as discussed above, we also affirm the
court’s denial of Kristen S.’s request to relocate.
¶ 55 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 56 For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of St. Clair County is hereby
affirmed.
¶ 57 Affirmed.
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