Housman v. Albright

NOTICE NO. 5-05-0270
Decision filed 08/09/06. The text of
this decision may be changed or IN THE
corrected prior to the filing of a
Petition for Rehearing or the APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
disposition of the same.
FIFTH DISTRICT
________________________________________________________________________
LOUIE HOUSMAN and ALBERT ) Appeal from the
JOHNSON, JR., ) Circuit Court of
) Alexander County.
Plaintiffs-Appellants, )
)
v. ) No. 02-CH-021
)
DANA ALBRIGHT, DEBORAH )
GUETTERMAN, DAVID JACKSON, )
and GEOFFREY SMITH, )
)
Defendants-Appellees, )
)
and )
)
WATERFRONT SERVICES COMPANY, ) Honorable
) William J. Thurston,
Nominal Defendant-Appellee. ) Judge, presiding.
________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE HOPKINS delivered the opinion of the court:
The plaintiffs, Louie Housman and Albert Johnson, Jr., appeal from an order of the
circuit court of Alexander County dismissing the shareholders' derivative complaint that they
filed against the defendants, Dana Albright, Deborah Guetterman, David Jackson, and
Geoffrey Smith, the president of the board of directors and the chief executive officer of
Waterfront Services Company (Waterfront), in their capacities as Waterfront's board of
directors (Board). For the following reasons, we reverse the circuit court's dismissal of the
plaintiffs' complaint and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
FACTS
Housman worked for Waterfront, a Delaware corporation, from June 1973 to June
1
2002. Johnson worked for Waterfront from September 1984 to January 2002. In June of
2002, Smith fired Housman and other employees in retaliation for their support for and
activities on behalf of the Laborers' International Union of North America, Local 773, AFL-
CIO (Union). Housman, other discharged Union employees, and the Union filed suit against
Smith and Waterfront for unfair labor practices in violation of the National Labor Relations
Act (29 U.S.C.'151 et seq. (2000)). An administrative law judge heard the case and ordered
that Housman and other discharged employees be reinstated to their former positions and be
compensated for lost wages. Waterfront Services Co., No. 14-CA-27001 (N.L.R.B. Div. of
Judges December 12, 2002). On December 19, 2003, a three-member panel of the National
Labor Relations Board affirmed the decision. Waterfront Services Co., 340 N.L.R.B. 1305
(2003).
Housman and Johnson participated in Waterfront's "Employee Stock Ownership Plan"
(ESOP). Each participant received an annual "Individual Report of Benefits Statement"
showing his account balance and the number of shares allocated to his account. The most
recent statement provided to this court shows that on May 31, 2003, Housman's stock
account had a balance of $521,387.56. The report stated:
"The stock portion represents 120.02476 shares of Waterfront Services
Company Stock. You are 100% vested in your total account balance ***. This means
you have a vested interest of $521,387.56. Your shares represent participation in the
ownership and success of Waterfront Services Company."
On the same date, Johnson's statement showed an account balance of $34,828.15 and noted:
"The stock portion represents 8.01753 shares of Waterfront Services Company
Stock. You are 100% vested in your total account balance ***. This means you have
a vested interest of $34,828.15. Your shares represent participation in the ownership
and success of Waterfront Services Company."
2
The ESOP's assets were placed in a trust and invested primarily in shares of
Waterfront common stock. The ESOP gave the trustee, who was appointed and could be
removed by the Board, the authority to administer the trust. The trustee was responsible for
holding and investing the trust assets in shares of company stock.
In 1991, the ESOP's trustee purchased all the stock from the company's stockholders.
The purchased stock was held in a special account known as the "ESOP Suspense Account"
and was used as collateral for the ESOP's promise to pay the selling stockholders the agreed-
upon purchase price. As the selling stockholders were paid, the ESOP suspense account
released shares of the company stock and allocated them to the individual ESOP accounts for
all the active participants. The company made cash contributions to the ESOP trust, which
held all the assets of the ESOP, in amounts sufficient to permit the trustee to make
installment payments due to the selling stockholders. The amount of company stock released
from the ESOP suspense account was proportional to the payments made during the year to
the selling stockholder. Each year, an independent appraiser valued the company stock that
was held in the ESOP. The account was adjusted to reflect allocations of company stock
income (including dividends or other credits paid with respect to the shares of stock credited
to each account), expenses, and losses. Trust income was allocated, and losses were charged,
to each account in the proportion that the value of the account had to the value of all the
participants' accounts.
The ESOP specifically stated that a participating employee's interest in the ESOP was
invested in shares of company stock held for the employee's benefit by the trustee. The
"Committee" had the right to vote and exercise other rights of a company stockholder. In the
event of a corporate matter involving a merger or consolidation, recapitalization,
reclassification, liquidation, dissolution, or sale or transfer of substantially all the assets of
the company, the participating employee was entitled to direct the trustee how to vote the
3
company stock allocated to his or her account. The ESOP allowed the participating
employees to sell their stock to the company if they notified the company in writing.
On October 3, 2002, the plaintiffs filed the initial verified shareholders' derivative
complaint alleging that Smith had engaged in a scheme of systematic corporate looting and
self-dealing by using Waterfront's assets to purchase items for himself and his friends. The
plaintiffs made the following allegations against Smith: (1) he awarded a substantial contract
to a personal friend to construct Waterfront's new corporate headquarters without seeking
competing bids and without regard for the fact that the friend's construction company had
never built a structure of the type that Waterfront needed, (2) he used corporate funds to
purchase a four-wheel vehicle for his personal use, (3) he used corporate funds to purchase
exercise equipment for a gym that only Smith and his friends could use, and (4) he used
corporate funds to purchase season tickets for St. Louis Blues hockey games and St. Louis
Cardinals baseball games that only Smith and his friends used. The complaint alleged that
Smith accomplished this wrongdoing by stacking the Board with his personal friends and
Waterfront employees that were loyal to him. The complaint claimed that due to the
foregoing events, Waterfront suffered financial injury.
On October 12, 2002, only nine days after the plaintiffs' initial complaint was filed, a
letter was sent to all Waterfront ESOP participants, alternate payees, and beneficiaries
receiving benefits, informing them that effective April 1, 2002, the company had converted
from subchapter C corporate status to subchapter S corporate status. The notice stated that
all distributions from the plan made on or after April 1, 2002, would be made in cash only
and that no distributions of company stock would be made.
In November of 2002, the defendants filed a notice of removal, seeking to remove this
case to federal court. On February 14, 2003, the United States District Court entered an
order remanding this case to the state circuit court for a lack of jurisdiction.
4
On June 16, 2003, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the plaintiffs' amended
shareholders' derivative complaint pursuant to section 2-619 of the Illinois Code of Civil
Procedure (Code) (735 ILCS 5/2-619 (West 2002)). On February 2, 2004, the circuit court
dismissed the plaintiffs' amended complaint without prejudice and granted leave to file an
amended pleading. The court based the dismissal on the plaintiffs' lack of standing as
equitable stockholders and specifically stated that Delaware law applied to that issue. The
circuit court also determined that the plaintiffs' claims were not preempted by the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) (29 U.S.C. '1001 et seq. (2000)).
On March 11, 2004, the plaintiffs filed a verified second amended shareholders'
derivative complaint, which the circuit court dismissed without prejudice.
On February 24, 2005, the plaintiffs filed a third amended shareholders' derivative
complaint, which the circuit court dismissed with prejudice on the ground that the plaintiffs
lacked standing to sue under Delaware law because they were not equitable stockholders.
The plaintiffs filed a timely notice of appeal.
ANALYSIS
On appeal, the plaintiffs initially argue that the circuit court erred in dismissing their
third amended complaint on the basis that they lacked standing as equitable stockholders to
bring a shareholders' derivative suit. We agree.
Motions to dismiss pursuant to section 2-619 of the Code (735 ILCS 5/2-619 (West
2002)) attack the legal sufficiency of the complaint by raising affirmative matter that avoids
the legal effect of or defeats the claim. Illinois Graphics Co. v. Nickum, 159 Ill. 2d 469, 485
(1994). The question on a review of a dismissal pursuant to section 2-619 is "whether there
is a genuine issue of material fact and whether [the] defendant is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law." Nickum, 159 Ill. 2d at 494. The defendant has the burden of proving the
affirmative defense relied upon in a section 2-619 motion, and that motion should only be
5
granted if the record establishes that no genuine issue of material fact exists. Streams
Condominium No. 3 Ass'n v. Bosgraf, 219 Ill. App. 3d 1010, 1013-14 (1991). All well-
pleaded facts and reasonable inferences are accepted as true. In re Marriage of Diaz, 363 Ill.
App. 3d 1091, 1094 (2006). However, conclusions of law are not accepted as true. In re
Marriage of Sullivan, 342 Ill. App. 3d 560, 563 (2003). Thus, the standard of review for a
dismissal based on section 2-619 is de novo. Feret v. Schillerstrom, 363 Ill. App. 3d 534,
538 (2006).
To determine whether the plaintiffs have standing to sue, we must first determine
whether Illinois law or Delaware law applies.
Waterfront is a Delaware corporation, and Illinois courts apply the law of the state of
incorporation. See Spillyards v. Abboud, 278 Ill. App. 3d 663, 667 (1996). Delaware law
governs any derivative claims brought on the corporation's behalf or any individual claims
brought by its stockholders. See Seinfeld v. Bays, 230 Ill. App. 3d 412, 420 (1992).
According to Delaware law, "In any derivative suit instituted by a stockholder of a
corporation, it shall be averred in the complaint that the plaintiff was a stockholder of the
corporation at the time of the transaction of which such stockholder complains or that such
stockholder's stock thereafter devolved upon such stockholder by operation of law." Del.
Code Ann. tit. 8, '327 (2002). Pursuant to Delaware law, for purposes of instituting a
derivative action, an "equitable" owner is considered a stockholder with standing to sue. Del.
Code Ann. tit. 8, '327 (2002); see Harff v. Kerkorian, 324 A.2d 215 (Del. Ch. 1974),
modified on other grounds, 347 A.2d 133 (Del. 1975). An "equitable owner" or "beneficial
owner" is defined as follows:
"1. One recognized in equity as the owner of something because use and title
belong to that person, even though legal title may belong to someone else; esp., one
for whom property is held in trust. B Also termed equitable owner. 2. A corporate
6
shareholder who has the power to buy or sell the shares, but who is not registered on
the corporation's books as the owner." (Emphasis in original.) Black's Law
Dictionary 1130 (7th ed. 1999).
Although Delaware has not defined "equitable stockholder," the chancery court in
Delaware, a court with solely equity jurisdiction, has conferred equitable or beneficial
ownership onto numerous plaintiffs, enabling them to institute shareholders' derivative
proceedings. See Jones v. Taylor, 348 A.2d 188 (Del. Ch. 1975) (a contract to receive half of
the stock or the proceeds thereof in a will not yet in effect was sufficient to confer equitable
standing); Brown v. Dolese, 154 A.2d 233 (Del. Ch. 1959) (the beneficiaries' shares were
held in the name of a trustee who refused to sue on behalf of the trust), aff'd, 157 A.2d 784
(Del. 1960); Gamble-Skogmo, Inc. v. Saks, 122 A.2d 120 (Del. 1956) (a stockholder holding
stock in a margin account was considered an equitable owner); Taormina v. Taormina Corp.,
78 A.2d 473 (Del. Ch. 1951) (the executors and administrators of an estate had equitable
standing); Rosenthal v. Burry Biscuit Corp., 60 A.2d 106, 112 (Del. Ch. 1948) (equitable
standing was conferred on the holders of stock represented by street certificates in the names
of brokers). Additionally, several state and federal jurisdictions, including Delaware, have
recognized the standing of trust beneficiaries to pursue corporate derivative claims. Silling v.
Erwin, 881 F. Supp. 236 (S.D. W. Va. 1995); Cassata v. Cassata, 148 A.D.2d 944, 538
N.Y.S.2d 960 (1989); Edgeworth v. First National Bank of Chicago, 677 F. Supp. 982 (S.D.
Ind. 1988); Pearce v. Superior Court of Kern County, 149 Cal. App. 3d 1058, 197 Cal. Rptr.
238 (1983); Jones, 348 A.2d at 191.
We decline to support an inflexible basis for stockholder identity where the equitable
owner of the stock is seeking to protect corporate interests, as in the instant case. See
Rosenthal, 60 A.2d at 112.
In the case at bar, we find the West Virginia Supreme Court's State ex rel. Elish v.
7
Wilson, 189 W. Va. 739, 434 S.E.2d 411 (1993), decision instructive. In Wilson, active
participants of Weirton Steel's ESOP filed a shareholders' derivative action against the
corporation and its officers and directors for the breach of fiduciary duties. The defendants
argued that the plaintiffs lacked standing because West Virginia, the situs of Weirton Steel,
like Illinois in the instant case, required that the plaintiffs in a derivative suit be stockholders
of record. The Wilson court determined that Delaware law applied to the controversy due to
the fact that Weirton Steel was a Delaware corporation and the battle over who could
participate in a shareholders' derivative suit was a struggle peculiar to the corporation itself.
The Wilson court then decided that the ESOP beneficiaries were equitable stockholders with
standing to sue pursuant to Delaware law even if the ESOP trustee also had standing.
In the instant case, the ESOP specifically stated that a participating employee's interest
in the ESOP was invested in shares of company stock, which were held for the employee's
benefit by the trustee. Both Housman and Johnson owned several shares of stock that were
fully vested and credited to their ESOP accounts. Although the "Committee" had the right to
vote and exercise other rights of a company stockholder, in the event of a corporate matter
involving a merger or consolidation, recapitalization, reclassification, liquidation, dissolution,
or sale or transfer of substantially all the assets of the company, the participating employee
was entitled to direct the trustee how to vote the company stock allocated to his or her
account. Moreover, all of Waterfront's stock is owned through the ESOP plan. If the ESOP
participants are not permitted to participate in a shareholders' derivative suit, no one can sue
other than the trustee, who refused to sue. We agree with Wilson that the Delaware
legislature could not have intended such an absurd result. ESOP stockholders must be left
with some type of recourse if the trustee is unable or unwilling to sue the officers of the
corporation for a breach of their fiduciary duties. Hence, the ESOP participants in the
present case are equitable stockholders and have standing to maintain a shareholders'
8
derivative suit pursuant to Delaware law.
The defendants counter that ERISA (29 U.S.C. '1001 et seq. (2000)) preempts state
law and provides a proper recourse for the ESOP participants in the instant case. We
disagree.
According to ERISA's preemption clause, "[ERISA] shall supercede any and all State
laws insofar as they may now or hereafter relate to any employee benefit plan ***." 29
U.S.C. '1144(a) (2000). The United States Supreme Court has stated that a state law "relates
to" an employee benefit plan " 'if it has a connection with or reference to such a plan.' "
Ingersoll-Rand Co. v. McClendon, 498 U.S. 133, 139, 112 L. Ed. 2d 474, 484, 111 S. Ct.
478, 483 (1990) (quoting Shaw v. Delta Air Lines, Inc., 463 U.S. 85, 97, 77 L. Ed. 2d 490,
501, 103 S. Ct. 2890, 2900 (1983)). The United States Supreme Court has repeatedly
acknowledged the reach of the language in order to reinforce Congress's intent to establish an
area of exclusive federal concern. See California Division of Labor Standards Enforcement
v. Dillingham Construction, N.A., Inc., 519 U.S. 316, 324, 136 L. Ed. 2d 791, 799, 117 S. Ct.
832, 837 (1997). The Court has stated:
"We have long acknowledged that ERISA's pre[]emption provision is 'clearly
expansive.' [Citation.] It has
'a "broad scope" [citation] and an "expansive sweep" [citation]; and ... it is
"broadly worded" [citation], "deliberately expansive" [citation], and
"conspicuous for its breadth" [citation].' Morales v. Trans World Airlines, Inc.,
504 U.S. 374, 384[, 119 L. Ed. 2d 157, 167, 112 S. Ct. 2031, 2037] (1992)."
Dillingham Construction, N.A., Inc., 519 U.S. at 324, 136 L. Ed. 2d at 799, 117 S. Ct.
at 837.
However, ERISA's preemption provision does not foreclose every state action that
affects ERISA plans. Atlantis Health Plan, Inc. v. Local 713, 258 F. Supp. 2d 284, 290
9
(S.D.N.Y. 2003). In New York State Conference of Blue Cross & Blue Shield Plans v.
Travelers Insurance Co., 514 U.S. 645, 655, 131 L. Ed. 2d 695, 705, 115 S. Ct. 1671, 1677
(1995), the United States Supreme Court acknowledged as follows:
"If 'relate to' were taken to extend to the furthest stretch of its indeterminacy, then for
all practical purposes pre[]emption would never run its course, for 'really, universally,
relations stop nowhere' [citation]. But that, of course, would be to read Congress's
words of limitation as mere sham, and to read the presumption against pre[]emption
out of the law whenever Congress speaks to the matter with generality."
Preemption must have its limits because otherwise it would effectively drag into federal court
"many ordinary state common law causes of action that rightfully fall within the purview of
adjudication by state courts, as well as state law claims that implicate federal law as ancillary
issues or defenses that state courts are suitably equipped and concurrently empowered to
resolveBlitigation that need not add its incremental burden to the federal docket." Atlantis
Health Plan, Inc., 258 F. Supp. 2d at 291.
In the instant case, the defendants bear the burden of overcoming the presumption that
Congress, in enacting ERISA, did not intend to supplant state law, especially traditional areas
under state control, such as corporate law. See In re World Trade Center Disaster Site
Litigation, 270 F. Supp. 2d 357, 367 (S.D.N.Y. 2003), aff'd on other grounds, 414 F.3d 352
(2d Cir. 2005). As long as a state law " ' "does not affect the structure, the administration, or
the type of benefits provided by an ERISA plan, the mere fact that the [law] has some
economic impact on the plan does not require that the [law] be invalidated." ' " Airparts Co.
v. Custom Benefit Services of Austin, Inc., 28 F.3d 1062, 1065 (10th Cir. 1994) (quoting
Hospice of Metro Denver, Inc. v. Group Health Insurance of Oklahoma, Inc., 944 F.2d 752,
754 (10th Cir. 1991) (quoting Rebaldo v. Cuomo, 749 F.2d 133, 139 (2d Cir. 1984))).
As stated in section 1001(b) of ERISA (29 U.S.C. '1001(b) (2000)), Congress enacted
10
ERISA to "protect interstate commerce and the interests of participants in employee benefit
plans and their beneficiaries, *** by establishing standards of conduct, responsibility, and
obligation for fiduciaries of employee benefit plans, and by providing for appropriate
remedies, sanctions, and ready access to the Federal courts." ERISA imposes high standards
of fiduciary duty upon those responsible for administering an ERISA plan and investing and
disposing of its assets. The ERISA fiduciary is subject to a strict standard of care (29 U.S.C.
'1104(a)(1) (2000)), is liable for known breaches by cofiduciaries (29 U.S.C. '1105 (2000)),
and may not engage in prohibited transactions (29 U.S.C. '1106 (2000)). One of the primary
purposes for the enactment of ERISA was to establish " 'standards of conduct, responsibility,
and obligation for fiduciaries of employee benefit plans.' " (Emphasis added.) Ellis v.
Hollister, Inc., Nos. S-05-559 & S-05-1726, slip op. at 6 (E.D. Cal. April 14, 2006) (quoting
29 U.S.C. '1001(b) (2000)).
In Hickman v. Tosco Corp., 840 F.2d 564, 566 (8th Cir. 1988), the defendants, who
were both company executives and plan fiduciaries, refused to allow the plaintiffs to remain
on the payroll after the plant was sold so they could become eligible for early retirement
benefits. The plaintiffs sued and argued that the defendants had a duty as plan fiduciaries to
act in a manner that was most beneficial to the plan participants. In Hickman, the court
determined that the defendants were not subject to ERISA's fiduciary duty requirements
because their action was a " 'day-to-day corporate business transaction' " made in their
capacity as corporate officers, not as plan administrators. Hickman, 840 F.2d at 566 (quoting
Phillips v. Amoco Oil Co., 614 F. Supp. 694, 718 (N.D. Ala. 1985), aff'd, 799 F.2d 1464
(11th Cir. 1986)). The Hickman court held, "ERISA does not prohibit an employer from
acting in accordance with its interests as employer when not administering the plan or
investing its assets." Hickman, 840 F.2d at 566; see also Adams v. LTV Steel Mining Co.,
936 F.2d 368, 370 (8th Cir. 1991); Berger v. Edgewater Steel Co., 911 F.2d 911, 918-19 (3d
11
Cir. 1990); Amato v. Western Union International, Inc., 773 F.2d 1402, 1416-17 (2d Cir.
1985); United Paperworkers International Union v. Jefferson Smurfit Corp., 771 F. Supp.
992, 999 (E.D. Mo. 1991), aff'd, 961 F.2d 1384 (8th Cir. 1992); Moehle v. NL Industries,
Inc., 646 F. Supp. 769, 779 (E.D. Mo. 1986), aff'd, 845 F.2d 1027 (8th Cir. 1988).
In Martin v. Feilen, 965 F.2d 660, 666 (8th Cir. 1992), the court concluded that the
Hickman analysis applied with equal force when the ERISA plan was an ESOP. The Martin
court stated that virtually all of an employer's significant business decisions affect the value
of its stock and the benefits that ESOP plan participants will ultimately receive. Martin, 965
F.2d at 666. However, pursuant to section 1104 of ERISA (29 U.S.C. '1104 (2000)),
ERISA's fiduciary duties attach only to transactions that involve investing the ESOP's assets
or administering the plan. Martin, 965 F.2d at 666; accord Canale v. Yegen, 782 F. Supp.
963, 967 (D.N.J. 1992). In fact, the Martin court correctly noted that a broader rule would
make ESOP fiduciaries virtual guarantors of the financial success of the plan.
In the instant case, the complaint's allegations do not implicate fiduciary duties arising
pursuant to ERISA. The complaint did not allege that the defendants mismanaged the
ERISA plan or that the trust was directly involved in any improper transactions.
Additionally, the complaint shows that the plaintiffs' claim has nothing to do with regulating
the type of benefits or the terms of the plan; it does not create reporting, disclosure, funding,
or vesting requirements for the plan; it does not affect the calculation of benefits; and it is not
a common law rule designed to rectify faulty plan administration. See Airparts Co., 28 F.3d
at 1065. The plaintiffs in the instant case brought this action against the defendants in their
separate capacities as the officers and directors of the corporation, not in their capacities as
plan fiduciaries. See Sommers Drug Stores Co. Employee Profit Sharing Trust v. Corrigan
Enterprises, Inc., 793 F.2d 1456, 1465 (5th Cir. 1986) (the court recognized that the fiduciary
duties of a corporate director coexisted with the duties entrusted to an ERISA plan fiduciary
12
but also existed independently from the plan itself); Richmond v. American System Corp.,
792 F. Supp. 449 (E.D. Va. 1992) (the court recognized that even though the fiduciary duties
of state corporate law and ERISA are parallel, they were independent in a shareholders'
derivative action).
In the instant case, the plaintiffs alleged that Smith diminished Waterfront's stock
value through self-dealing and waste in the day-to-day operations of the company and that
the remaining defendants did nothing to protect the stockholders. ERISA does not create
fiduciary duties for day-to-day operations even though they inevitably affect the beneficiaries
of the ESOP. See Martin, 965 F.2d at 665-66. In summary:
"ERISA preempts state laws that impinge or encroach upon federal control
over the regulation or administration of covered plans. [Citation.] But, curbing the
breadth of the statute, preemption does not extend to state laws that have only a
'tenuous, remote, or peripheral connection with covered plans, as is the case with
many laws of general applicability.' [Citations.]" (Emphasis added.) Atlantis Health
Plans, Inc., 258 F. Supp. 2d at 292.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Alexander County
dismissing the plaintiffs' third amended shareholders' derivative complaint with prejudice is
reversed, and the cause is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Reversed; cause remanded.
GOLDENHERSH and CHAPMAN, JJ., concur.
13
NO. 5-05-0270
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIFTH DISTRICT
___________________________________________________________________________________
LOUIE HOUSMAN and ALBERT ) Appeal from the
JOHNSON, JR., ) Circuit Court of
) Alexander County.
Plaintiffs-Appellants, )
)
v. ) No. 02-CH-021
)
DANA ALBRIGHT, DEBORAH )
GUETTERMAN, DAVID JACKSON, )
and GEOFFREY SMITH, )
)
Defendants-Appellees, )
)
and )
)
WATERFRONT SERVICES COMPANY, ) Honorable
) William J. Thurston,
Nominal Defendant-Appellee. ) Judge, presiding.
___________________________________________________________________________________
Opinion Filed: August 9, 2006
___________________________________________________________________________________
Justices: Honorable Terrence J. Hopkins, J.
Honorable Richard P. Goldenhersh, J.
Honorable Melissa A. Chapman, J.
Concur
___________________________________________________________________________________
Attorneys Seth D. Rigrodsky, Jennifer K. Hirsh, Milberg Weiss Bershad & Schulman LLP,
for One Pennsylvania Plaza, New York, NY 10119; Ralph N. Siammi, Milberg Weiss
Appellants Bershad & Schulman LLP, 919 N. Market Street, Suite 411, Wilmington, DE 19801;
Mark A. Kochan, Kochan & Kochan, 121 West Cherry Street, Herrin, IL 62948
___________________________________________________________________________________
Attorneys Eric D. Martin, Blackwell Sanders Peper Martin LLP, Mark Twain Plaza One,
for 101 W. Vandalia Street, Suite 320, Edwardsville, IL 62025; Jeffrey A. Goffinet,
Appellees Brandon, Schmidt, Goffinet & Solverson, 916 West Main Street, P.O. Box 3898,
Carbondale, IL 62902-3898
___________________________________________________________________________________